In this study, the gene encoding hemocyanin subunit L, Lv Hc L, was cloned from Litopenaeus vannamei and the genomic organization was characterized. This gene was diverse with many SNPs and also had at least four isof...In this study, the gene encoding hemocyanin subunit L, Lv Hc L, was cloned from Litopenaeus vannamei and the genomic organization was characterized. This gene was diverse with many SNPs and also had at least four isoforms, while one of them（Lv Hc L4） only had two exons and the exon2 was missed. Transcription analysis showed that these isoforms of Lv Hc L were up-regulated after WSSV challenge in WSSV-resistant shrimp, while the transcriptions were decreased constantly in WSSV-susceptible shrimp. It is suggested that the hemocyanin had rich polymorphism and was involved in the antiviral response. These results could extend our previous findings and provide insights into the immune feature of hemocyanin, which would be helpful for further studies aimed at antiviral mechanism in invertebrate.展开更多
We here report the de novo transcriptome assembly and functional annotation of Eusirus cf.giganteus clade g3,providing the first database of expressed sequences from this giant Antarctic amphipod.RNA-sequencing,carrie...We here report the de novo transcriptome assembly and functional annotation of Eusirus cf.giganteus clade g3,providing the first database of expressed sequences from this giant Antarctic amphipod.RNA-sequencing,carried out on the whole body of a single juvenile individual likely undergoing molting,revealed the dominant expression of hemocyanins.The mRNAs encoding these oxygen-binding proteins cumulatively accounted for about 40%of the total transcriptional effort,highlighting the key biological importance of high hemocyanin production in this Antarctic amphipod species.We speculate that this observation may mirror a strategy previously described in Antarctic cephalopods,which compensates for the decreased ability to release oxygen to peripheral tissues at sub-zero temperatures by massively increasing total blood hemocyanin content compared with temperate species.These preliminary results will undoubtedly require confirmation through proteomic and biochemical analyses aimed at characterizing the oxygen-binding properties of E.cf.giganteus clade g3 hemocyanins and at investigating whether other Antarctic arthropod species exploit similar adaptations to cope with the challenges posed by the extreme conditions of the polar environment.展开更多
Crustacean,especially crabs and shrimp have become more and more important objects in world aquaculture.Hemocyanins(Hcs) are the very important chromoprotein accounting for more than 90% of all the crustacean hemolymp...Crustacean,especially crabs and shrimp have become more and more important objects in world aquaculture.Hemocyanins(Hcs) are the very important chromoprotein accounting for more than 90% of all the crustacean hemolymph protein.In recent years,many investigations have been focused on Hcs.In this paper,the research advances in crustacean hemocyanins were summarized following aspects: the basic structure,property of oxygen transport,immunity,anabolism of Hcs and so on.Hcs occurs as hexamers composed of six heterogeneous monomeric subunits.Each subunit holds an active site of two coppers,which corresponds to only one oxygen molecule.Recently,researchers put forward that Hcs hold important immune functions in crustacean.Hcs may exert their defence functions at least by two ways:one way is Hcs′s converting to phenoloxidase by cleavage of N-terminal sequences of Hcs;the other way is releasing antimicrobial fractions by cleavage of C-terminal of Hcs,which are broadly antimicrobial against a variety of bacteria and viruses.A new study proved that Hcs possesses the property of agglutinin with low activity,which also contributes to immunity in crustacean to a certain extent.Hcs can also serve as carriers of metal ions,storage of protein. Besides,Hcs can be used as a sign to observe the distribution of some molecules connecting with them.Hcs are synthesized in F-cell cytoplasm of the hepatopancreas.Evidence proved that ambient factors could also lead to Hcs′ anabolism.展开更多
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)of China under contract No.2012AA092205the Major State Basic Research Development Program(973 Program)of China under contract No.2012CB114403+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System-47the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.31472297 and 31302209the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography,SOA under contract No.2011018
文摘In this study, the gene encoding hemocyanin subunit L, Lv Hc L, was cloned from Litopenaeus vannamei and the genomic organization was characterized. This gene was diverse with many SNPs and also had at least four isoforms, while one of them（Lv Hc L4） only had two exons and the exon2 was missed. Transcription analysis showed that these isoforms of Lv Hc L were up-regulated after WSSV challenge in WSSV-resistant shrimp, while the transcriptions were decreased constantly in WSSV-susceptible shrimp. It is suggested that the hemocyanin had rich polymorphism and was involved in the antiviral response. These results could extend our previous findings and provide insights into the immune feature of hemocyanin, which would be helpful for further studies aimed at antiviral mechanism in invertebrate.
基金the Italian Program of Antarctic Research(Grant No.PNRA16_00099).
文摘We here report the de novo transcriptome assembly and functional annotation of Eusirus cf.giganteus clade g3,providing the first database of expressed sequences from this giant Antarctic amphipod.RNA-sequencing,carried out on the whole body of a single juvenile individual likely undergoing molting,revealed the dominant expression of hemocyanins.The mRNAs encoding these oxygen-binding proteins cumulatively accounted for about 40%of the total transcriptional effort,highlighting the key biological importance of high hemocyanin production in this Antarctic amphipod species.We speculate that this observation may mirror a strategy previously described in Antarctic cephalopods,which compensates for the decreased ability to release oxygen to peripheral tissues at sub-zero temperatures by massively increasing total blood hemocyanin content compared with temperate species.These preliminary results will undoubtedly require confirmation through proteomic and biochemical analyses aimed at characterizing the oxygen-binding properties of E.cf.giganteus clade g3 hemocyanins and at investigating whether other Antarctic arthropod species exploit similar adaptations to cope with the challenges posed by the extreme conditions of the polar environment.
文摘Crustacean,especially crabs and shrimp have become more and more important objects in world aquaculture.Hemocyanins(Hcs) are the very important chromoprotein accounting for more than 90% of all the crustacean hemolymph protein.In recent years,many investigations have been focused on Hcs.In this paper,the research advances in crustacean hemocyanins were summarized following aspects: the basic structure,property of oxygen transport,immunity,anabolism of Hcs and so on.Hcs occurs as hexamers composed of six heterogeneous monomeric subunits.Each subunit holds an active site of two coppers,which corresponds to only one oxygen molecule.Recently,researchers put forward that Hcs hold important immune functions in crustacean.Hcs may exert their defence functions at least by two ways:one way is Hcs′s converting to phenoloxidase by cleavage of N-terminal sequences of Hcs;the other way is releasing antimicrobial fractions by cleavage of C-terminal of Hcs,which are broadly antimicrobial against a variety of bacteria and viruses.A new study proved that Hcs possesses the property of agglutinin with low activity,which also contributes to immunity in crustacean to a certain extent.Hcs can also serve as carriers of metal ions,storage of protein. Besides,Hcs can be used as a sign to observe the distribution of some molecules connecting with them.Hcs are synthesized in F-cell cytoplasm of the hepatopancreas.Evidence proved that ambient factors could also lead to Hcs′ anabolism.
