Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney tissue, calyces, and renal pelvis. It is commonly caused by bacterial infection that has spread up the urinary tract. Common bacteria are Escherichia coli and Enterococc...Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney tissue, calyces, and renal pelvis. It is commonly caused by bacterial infection that has spread up the urinary tract. Common bacteria are Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Beta hemolytic streptococci also cause pyelonephritis. Beta hemolytic streptococcus such as Streptococcus agalactiae, and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, when grown on blood-agar, produce complete hemolysis around each colony, usually cause severe infections including many cases of cellulitis, pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. However the analysis of pyelonephritis causing beta hemolytic streptococcus has seldom been investigated. In this study, we tried to clarify the relationship between beta hemolytic streptococcus and pyelonephritis patient in Japan. We investigated beta hemolytic streptococcus isolated from pyelonephritis patient at two tertiary care hospitals in the central region of Japan by analyzing the background and antimicrobial susceptibility of beta hemolytic streptococcus. We recovered total sixteen beta hemolytic streptococcus in nine years. In pyelonephritis patients, beta hemolytic streptococcus was isolated from 9 S. agalactiae and 7 S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, respectively. The numbers of streptococci from female patients were more than those from male patients. Bacteria were not isolated from under 30 year patients. All S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis were isolated from 60-year-age patients. About one fifth of beta hemolytic streptococcus had erythromycin and minocycline-resistant ability. Four beta hemolytic streptococci that were all S. agalactiae, had levofloxacin-resistant ability. Only one S. agalactiae had trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant ability. Ampicillin was effective against all beta hemolytic streptococci. In our results, beta hemolytic streptococcus caused pyelonephritis in aged people and the quarter of these bacteria had some antibiotics resistance.展开更多
The present study aimed to evaluate <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (clove) plant extract, clove oil and eugenol for their antibacterial activity and their potential to eradicate bacterial biofilms alone and in...The present study aimed to evaluate <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (clove) plant extract, clove oil and eugenol for their antibacterial activity and their potential to eradicate bacterial biofilms alone and in combination with antibiotics. Anti-bacterial efficacy of <i>S. aromaticum</i> extract, clove oil and eugenol was evaluated as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and subsequently sub-MICs was selected for inhibition of virulence factors against test bacterial strains. Biofilm cultivation and eradication was assayed using XTT reduction in 96-well microtiter plate. Checkerboard method was used to study the interaction between essential oils and antibiotics. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MTCC3160, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> MTCC435, <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i> (SC-01), <i>Staphylococcus auricularis</i> (SU-01) <i>and</i> <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> MTCC497 were found strong biofilm former among all the test bacterial strains. The potency of test agents was found in the order of eugenol > clove oil > <i>S. aromaticum</i> methanolic extract. Sub-MIC (0.5 × MIC) of clove oil and eugenol showed a significant reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity (<i>p </i>< 0.05) and hemolysin production in the test bacterial strains. Eugenol showed no increase in sessile MIC (SMIC) against <i>S. auricularis</i> (SU-01), <i>S. epidermidis</i> MTCC435 and <i>S. mutans</i> MTCC497 compared to planktonic MIC (PMIC). Antibiotics (vancomycin and azithromycin) exhibited upto 1000-folds increased in SMIC compared to PMIC against all the test bacterial strains. Synergy was observed between eugenol and antibiotics (vancomycin/azithromycin) against all the test bacterial strains in both planktonic and sessile mode. Highest synergy was exhibited between eugenol and azithromycin in planktonic mode (FICI value 0.141). Further, microscopy also confirmed the spectacular effect of combination treatment on pre-formed <i>S. aureus</i> MTCC3160 and <i>S. mutans</i> MTCC497 biofilms. These findings highlighted the promising role of clove oil and eugenol alone and in combination on pathogenic bacterial biofilms.展开更多
BACKGROUND The occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome(SP-HUS)is increasing.Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen activation is highly involved in the pathogenesis of SP-HUS,and T-antibody-n...BACKGROUND The occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome(SP-HUS)is increasing.Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen activation is highly involved in the pathogenesis of SP-HUS,and T-antibody-negative plasma exchange(PE)may be effective in the treatment of severe cases of SP-HUS.CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively reviewed two pediatric patients with SP-HUS.Both clinical features and laboratory examination results of the children were described.Tantibody-negative PE was performed in both cases.Both children made a full recovery after repeated PE and remained well at a 2 year follow-up.CONCLUSION Streptococcal pneumonia continues to be an uncommon but important cause of HUS.The successful treatment of the presented cases suggests that T-antibodynegative PE may benefit patients with SP-HUS.展开更多
文摘Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney tissue, calyces, and renal pelvis. It is commonly caused by bacterial infection that has spread up the urinary tract. Common bacteria are Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Beta hemolytic streptococci also cause pyelonephritis. Beta hemolytic streptococcus such as Streptococcus agalactiae, and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, when grown on blood-agar, produce complete hemolysis around each colony, usually cause severe infections including many cases of cellulitis, pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. However the analysis of pyelonephritis causing beta hemolytic streptococcus has seldom been investigated. In this study, we tried to clarify the relationship between beta hemolytic streptococcus and pyelonephritis patient in Japan. We investigated beta hemolytic streptococcus isolated from pyelonephritis patient at two tertiary care hospitals in the central region of Japan by analyzing the background and antimicrobial susceptibility of beta hemolytic streptococcus. We recovered total sixteen beta hemolytic streptococcus in nine years. In pyelonephritis patients, beta hemolytic streptococcus was isolated from 9 S. agalactiae and 7 S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, respectively. The numbers of streptococci from female patients were more than those from male patients. Bacteria were not isolated from under 30 year patients. All S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis were isolated from 60-year-age patients. About one fifth of beta hemolytic streptococcus had erythromycin and minocycline-resistant ability. Four beta hemolytic streptococci that were all S. agalactiae, had levofloxacin-resistant ability. Only one S. agalactiae had trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant ability. Ampicillin was effective against all beta hemolytic streptococci. In our results, beta hemolytic streptococcus caused pyelonephritis in aged people and the quarter of these bacteria had some antibiotics resistance.
文摘The present study aimed to evaluate <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> (clove) plant extract, clove oil and eugenol for their antibacterial activity and their potential to eradicate bacterial biofilms alone and in combination with antibiotics. Anti-bacterial efficacy of <i>S. aromaticum</i> extract, clove oil and eugenol was evaluated as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and subsequently sub-MICs was selected for inhibition of virulence factors against test bacterial strains. Biofilm cultivation and eradication was assayed using XTT reduction in 96-well microtiter plate. Checkerboard method was used to study the interaction between essential oils and antibiotics. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MTCC3160, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> MTCC435, <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i> (SC-01), <i>Staphylococcus auricularis</i> (SU-01) <i>and</i> <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> MTCC497 were found strong biofilm former among all the test bacterial strains. The potency of test agents was found in the order of eugenol > clove oil > <i>S. aromaticum</i> methanolic extract. Sub-MIC (0.5 × MIC) of clove oil and eugenol showed a significant reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity (<i>p </i>< 0.05) and hemolysin production in the test bacterial strains. Eugenol showed no increase in sessile MIC (SMIC) against <i>S. auricularis</i> (SU-01), <i>S. epidermidis</i> MTCC435 and <i>S. mutans</i> MTCC497 compared to planktonic MIC (PMIC). Antibiotics (vancomycin and azithromycin) exhibited upto 1000-folds increased in SMIC compared to PMIC against all the test bacterial strains. Synergy was observed between eugenol and antibiotics (vancomycin/azithromycin) against all the test bacterial strains in both planktonic and sessile mode. Highest synergy was exhibited between eugenol and azithromycin in planktonic mode (FICI value 0.141). Further, microscopy also confirmed the spectacular effect of combination treatment on pre-formed <i>S. aureus</i> MTCC3160 and <i>S. mutans</i> MTCC497 biofilms. These findings highlighted the promising role of clove oil and eugenol alone and in combination on pathogenic bacterial biofilms.
文摘BACKGROUND The occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome(SP-HUS)is increasing.Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen activation is highly involved in the pathogenesis of SP-HUS,and T-antibody-negative plasma exchange(PE)may be effective in the treatment of severe cases of SP-HUS.CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively reviewed two pediatric patients with SP-HUS.Both clinical features and laboratory examination results of the children were described.Tantibody-negative PE was performed in both cases.Both children made a full recovery after repeated PE and remained well at a 2 year follow-up.CONCLUSION Streptococcal pneumonia continues to be an uncommon but important cause of HUS.The successful treatment of the presented cases suggests that T-antibodynegative PE may benefit patients with SP-HUS.
