Little is known about the mechanism of climate-vegetation coverage coupled changes in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)region,which is the most climatically sensitive and ecologically fragile region with the highest terrain in ...Little is known about the mechanism of climate-vegetation coverage coupled changes in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)region,which is the most climatically sensitive and ecologically fragile region with the highest terrain in the world.This study,using multisource datasets(including satellite data and meteorological observations and reanalysis data)revealed the mutual feedback mechanisms between changes in climate(temperature and precipitation)and vegetation coverage in recent decades in the Hengduan Mountains Area(HMA)of the southeastern TP and their influences on climate in the downstream region,the Sichuan Basin(SCB).There is mutual facilitation between rising air temperature and increasing vegetation coverage in the HMA,which is most significant during winter,and then during spring,but insignificant during summer and autumn.Rising temperature significantly enhances local vegetation coverage,and vegetation greening in turn heats the atmosphere via enhancing net heat flux from the surface to the atmosphere.The atmospheric heating anomaly over the HMA thickens the atmospheric column and increases upper air pressure.The high pressure anomaly disperses downstream via the westerly flow,expands across the SCB,and eventually increases the SCB temperature.This effect lasts from winter to the following spring,which may cause the maximum increasing trend of the SCB temperature and vegetation coverage in spring.These results are helpful for estimating future trends in climate and eco-environmental variations in the HMA and SCB under warming scenarios,as well as seasonal forecasting based on the connection between the HMA eco-environment and SCB climate.展开更多
Net primary productivity(NPP), a metric used to define and identify changes in plant communities, is greatly affected by climate change, human activities and other factors. Here, we used the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford App...Net primary productivity(NPP), a metric used to define and identify changes in plant communities, is greatly affected by climate change, human activities and other factors. Here, we used the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA) model to estimate the NPP of plant communities in Hengduan Mountains area of China, and to explore the relationship between NPP and altitude in this region. We examined the mechanisms underlying vegetation growth responses to climate change and quantitatively assessed the effects of ecological protection measures by partitioning the contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP changes. The results demonstrated that: 1) the average total and annual NPP values over the years were 209.15 Tg C and 468.06 g C/(m2·yr), respectively. Their trend increasingly fluctuated, with spatial distribution strongly linked to altitude(i.e., lower and higher NPP in high altitude and low altitude areas, respectively) and 2400 m represented the marginal altitude for vegetation differentiation; 2) areas where climate was the main factor affecting NPP accounted for 18.2% of the total research area, whereas human activities were the primary factor influencing NPP in 81.8% of the total research area, which indicated that human activity was the main force driving changes in NPP. Areas where climatic factors(i.e., temperature and precipitation) were the main driving factors occupied 13.6%(temperature) and 6.0%(precipitation) of the total research area, respectively. Therefore, the effect of temperature on NPP changes was stronger than that of precipitation; and 3) the majority of NPP residuals from 2001 to 2014 were positive, with human activities playing an active role in determining regional vegetation growth, possibly due to the return of farmland back to forest and natural forest protection. However, this positive trend is decreasing. This clearly shows the periodical nature of ecological projects and a lack of long-term effectiveness.展开更多
横断山区是我国长江上游重要的生态屏障区,对周边区域乃至我国中西部地区气候和生态环境有着深刻的影响。NPP作为碳收支和气候变化研究的核心内容,是判定生态系统健康状况和可持续发展水平的重要指标。基于MODIS C6的NPP数据、1∶100万...横断山区是我国长江上游重要的生态屏障区,对周边区域乃至我国中西部地区气候和生态环境有着深刻的影响。NPP作为碳收支和气候变化研究的核心内容,是判定生态系统健康状况和可持续发展水平的重要指标。基于MODIS C6的NPP数据、1∶100万植被类型图、气象数据和地形数据,采用趋势线分析法和相关分析法对横断地区2004—2014年植被NPP时空格局、变化规律以及驱动因子进行了研究。结果表明:(1)2004—2014年横断山区植被年NPP总量的介于183.768—223.239 Tg C之间,多年平均为208.498 Tg C,单位面积下的植被年NPP均值为463 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)。整体上,植被NPP呈增加趋势,但局部差异明显。(2)植被NPP平均值的年际变化率在-53—97 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)之间,NPP呈增加趋势的区域分布在北部与中部的东侧以及南部的东、西两侧地区,而减少趋势的区域主要集中在西北部、中部的汶川—映秀一带以及南部攀枝花地区。(3)横断山区植被NPP变化受气候因子驱动影响的区域占比8.42%,主要集中在中部的大雪山-沙鲁里山地区,而非气候因子占比91.58%,分布在北部的阿坝地区以及南部的低海拔广大地区。该研究将对横断山区生态环境建设和可持续发展起到指导作用。展开更多
为了研究大熊猫等珍稀动物的重要栖息地岷江冷杉林的林窗特征,采用样带法,研究不同海拔梯度带岷江冷杉林窗数量与密度、形状与大小结构、形成方式与时间、形成木种类与特征等。研究结果表明,岷江冷杉林林窗的线状密度和密度分别为51个/k...为了研究大熊猫等珍稀动物的重要栖息地岷江冷杉林的林窗特征,采用样带法,研究不同海拔梯度带岷江冷杉林窗数量与密度、形状与大小结构、形成方式与时间、形成木种类与特征等。研究结果表明,岷江冷杉林林窗的线状密度和密度分别为51个/km和25.5个/hm 2;随着海拔梯度的上升,林窗数量增多,其密度也随之上升;林窗以竖式林窗为主,占林窗数量的64.71%,以25~50 m 2和75~100 m 2范围内林窗个数最多,但75~100 m 2级别林窗面积为25~50 m 2级别的林窗面积的2.2倍;形成时间≥30年的林窗数量最多,占39.22%;林窗形成方式以树倒为主,其次为树干中部折断木,占形成木数量百分比分别为70.83%和14.58%;林窗形成木径级在31~40 cm范围和高度级在16~20 m范围内数量最多,分别占所有形成木数量的33.75%和38.33%。卧龙国家级自然保护区岷江冷杉林林窗随着海拔梯度的上升,林窗数量增多,其密度具有随之上升的趋势;岷江冷杉林以小林窗为主,形成时间≥30 a,形成木以树倒为主,径级在31~40 cm范围和高度级在16~20 m范围为主要特征。研究结论可以为近自然人工群落构建、人工促进更新,以及大熊猫栖息地退化生态系统恢复与重建提供理论依据。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42205059 and 42005075)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA23090303 and XDB40010302)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science(Grant No.SKLCS-ZZ-2024 and SKLCS-ZZ-2023)the Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes.
文摘Little is known about the mechanism of climate-vegetation coverage coupled changes in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)region,which is the most climatically sensitive and ecologically fragile region with the highest terrain in the world.This study,using multisource datasets(including satellite data and meteorological observations and reanalysis data)revealed the mutual feedback mechanisms between changes in climate(temperature and precipitation)and vegetation coverage in recent decades in the Hengduan Mountains Area(HMA)of the southeastern TP and their influences on climate in the downstream region,the Sichuan Basin(SCB).There is mutual facilitation between rising air temperature and increasing vegetation coverage in the HMA,which is most significant during winter,and then during spring,but insignificant during summer and autumn.Rising temperature significantly enhances local vegetation coverage,and vegetation greening in turn heats the atmosphere via enhancing net heat flux from the surface to the atmosphere.The atmospheric heating anomaly over the HMA thickens the atmospheric column and increases upper air pressure.The high pressure anomaly disperses downstream via the westerly flow,expands across the SCB,and eventually increases the SCB temperature.This effect lasts from winter to the following spring,which may cause the maximum increasing trend of the SCB temperature and vegetation coverage in spring.These results are helpful for estimating future trends in climate and eco-environmental variations in the HMA and SCB under warming scenarios,as well as seasonal forecasting based on the connection between the HMA eco-environment and SCB climate.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB452706)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401198,41571527)+1 种基金Youth Talent Team Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.SDSQB-2015-01)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2016332)
文摘Net primary productivity(NPP), a metric used to define and identify changes in plant communities, is greatly affected by climate change, human activities and other factors. Here, we used the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA) model to estimate the NPP of plant communities in Hengduan Mountains area of China, and to explore the relationship between NPP and altitude in this region. We examined the mechanisms underlying vegetation growth responses to climate change and quantitatively assessed the effects of ecological protection measures by partitioning the contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP changes. The results demonstrated that: 1) the average total and annual NPP values over the years were 209.15 Tg C and 468.06 g C/(m2·yr), respectively. Their trend increasingly fluctuated, with spatial distribution strongly linked to altitude(i.e., lower and higher NPP in high altitude and low altitude areas, respectively) and 2400 m represented the marginal altitude for vegetation differentiation; 2) areas where climate was the main factor affecting NPP accounted for 18.2% of the total research area, whereas human activities were the primary factor influencing NPP in 81.8% of the total research area, which indicated that human activity was the main force driving changes in NPP. Areas where climatic factors(i.e., temperature and precipitation) were the main driving factors occupied 13.6%(temperature) and 6.0%(precipitation) of the total research area, respectively. Therefore, the effect of temperature on NPP changes was stronger than that of precipitation; and 3) the majority of NPP residuals from 2001 to 2014 were positive, with human activities playing an active role in determining regional vegetation growth, possibly due to the return of farmland back to forest and natural forest protection. However, this positive trend is decreasing. This clearly shows the periodical nature of ecological projects and a lack of long-term effectiveness.
文摘横断山区是我国长江上游重要的生态屏障区,对周边区域乃至我国中西部地区气候和生态环境有着深刻的影响。NPP作为碳收支和气候变化研究的核心内容,是判定生态系统健康状况和可持续发展水平的重要指标。基于MODIS C6的NPP数据、1∶100万植被类型图、气象数据和地形数据,采用趋势线分析法和相关分析法对横断地区2004—2014年植被NPP时空格局、变化规律以及驱动因子进行了研究。结果表明:(1)2004—2014年横断山区植被年NPP总量的介于183.768—223.239 Tg C之间,多年平均为208.498 Tg C,单位面积下的植被年NPP均值为463 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)。整体上,植被NPP呈增加趋势,但局部差异明显。(2)植被NPP平均值的年际变化率在-53—97 g C m^(-2)a^(-1)之间,NPP呈增加趋势的区域分布在北部与中部的东侧以及南部的东、西两侧地区,而减少趋势的区域主要集中在西北部、中部的汶川—映秀一带以及南部攀枝花地区。(3)横断山区植被NPP变化受气候因子驱动影响的区域占比8.42%,主要集中在中部的大雪山-沙鲁里山地区,而非气候因子占比91.58%,分布在北部的阿坝地区以及南部的低海拔广大地区。该研究将对横断山区生态环境建设和可持续发展起到指导作用。
文摘为了研究大熊猫等珍稀动物的重要栖息地岷江冷杉林的林窗特征,采用样带法,研究不同海拔梯度带岷江冷杉林窗数量与密度、形状与大小结构、形成方式与时间、形成木种类与特征等。研究结果表明,岷江冷杉林林窗的线状密度和密度分别为51个/km和25.5个/hm 2;随着海拔梯度的上升,林窗数量增多,其密度也随之上升;林窗以竖式林窗为主,占林窗数量的64.71%,以25~50 m 2和75~100 m 2范围内林窗个数最多,但75~100 m 2级别林窗面积为25~50 m 2级别的林窗面积的2.2倍;形成时间≥30年的林窗数量最多,占39.22%;林窗形成方式以树倒为主,其次为树干中部折断木,占形成木数量百分比分别为70.83%和14.58%;林窗形成木径级在31~40 cm范围和高度级在16~20 m范围内数量最多,分别占所有形成木数量的33.75%和38.33%。卧龙国家级自然保护区岷江冷杉林林窗随着海拔梯度的上升,林窗数量增多,其密度具有随之上升的趋势;岷江冷杉林以小林窗为主,形成时间≥30 a,形成木以树倒为主,径级在31~40 cm范围和高度级在16~20 m范围为主要特征。研究结论可以为近自然人工群落构建、人工促进更新,以及大熊猫栖息地退化生态系统恢复与重建提供理论依据。
