Delayed diagnosis of abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children:A case report

BACKGROUND For children with abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura presenting abdominal pain as an initial symptom and severe clinical manifestations,but without purpura appearance on the skin,the diagnosis and treatment are relatively difficult.This study summarized the characteristics of this group of patients by literature review and provided additional references for further refinement of glucocorticoid therapy in this vasculitis.CASE SUMMARY A 6-year-old girl presented mainly with repeated abdominal pain and had received short-term out-of-hospital treatment with hydrocortisone.On day 7 after onset,gastroscopy revealed chronic non-atrophic gastritis and erosive duodenitis without purpuric rash,and no obvious resolution of the abdominal pain was found after treatment against infection and for protection of gastric mucosa.On day 14 the inflammatory indices continued to rise and the pain was relieved after enhanced anti-infective therapy,but without complete resolution.On day 19,the patient presented with aggravated abdominal pain with purplish-red dots on the lower limbs,by which Henoch-Schonlein purpura was confirmed.After 5 d of sequential treatment with methylprednisolone and prednisone,abdominal pain disappeared and she was discharged.CONCLUSION Henoch-Schonlein purpura-related rash may appear after long-term abdominal pain,and should be distinguished from acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases at the early stage without typical rash.For bacterial infection-induced Henoch-Schonlein purpura,glucocorticoid therapy alone without clearing the infection may not relieve symptoms.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura with intestinal perforation and cerebral hemorrhage: A case report

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) with intestinal perforation and cerebral hemorrhage is a very rare clinical condition. There has been no report of HSP complicated with both intestinal perforation and cerebral hemorrhage until October 2012. Here we describe a case of HSP with intestinal perforation and cerebral hemorrhage in a 5-year-old girl. Plain abdominal radiograph in the erect position showed heavy gas in the right subphrenic space with an elevated diaphragm. Partial resection of the small intestine was performed, and pathological analysis suggested chronic suppurative inflammation in all layers of the ileal wall and mesentery. Seventeen days after surgery, cerebral hemorrhage developed and the patient died.

Endoscopic findings in a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis of the small vessels of the skin, joints, GI tract, and kidney. It preferentially affects children but may also occur in adults. We report a 60-year-old man with HSP who presented with colicky abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, arthralgia, and skin rash. The gastrointestinal tract was viewed by upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. We found characteristic endoscopic findings in the stomach, cecum and sigmoid colon, the combination of which has rarely been demonstrated in one patient. Histologic examination of skin biopsy specimens revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with positive staining for IgA in the capillaries. Endoscopy appears to have substantial diagnostic utility in patients suspected of having HSP, especially when abdominal symptoms precede the cutaneous lesions.

Gastrointestinal manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein purpura: A report of two cases

Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) is a small vessel vasculitis mediated by type Ⅲ hypersensitivity with deposition of Ig A immune complex in the walls of vessels. It is a multi-system disorder characterizedby palpable purpura, arthritis, glomerulonephritis and gastrointestinal manifestations and commonly occurs in children and young adults. The patients with gastrointestinal involvement usually present with colicky abdominal pain, vomiting and melena. The imaging findings include multifocal bowel thickening with mucosal hyperenhancement, presence of skip areas, mesenteric vascular engorgement, with involvement of unusual sites like stomach, duodenum and rectum. These imaging findings in a child or young adult with appropriate clinical findings could suggest HSP.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura from vasculitis to intestinal perforation: A case report and literature review

Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura(HSP) is generally a selflimited vasculitis disease and has a good prognosis. We report a 4-year-old Thai boy who presented with palpable purpura, abdominal colicky pain, seizure, and eventually developed intestinal ischemia and perforation despite adequate treatment, including corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Imaging modalities, including ultrasonography and contrastenhanced computed tomography, could not detect intestinal ischemia prior to perforation. In this patient, we also postulated that vasculitis-induced mucosal ischemia was a cause of the ulcer, leading to intestinal perforation, and high-dose corticosteroid could have been a contributing factor since the histopathology revealed depletion of lymphoid follicles. Intestinal perforation in HSP is rare, but life-threatening. Close monitoring and thorough clinical evaluation are essential to detect bowel ischemia before perforation, particularly in HSP patients who have hematochezia, persistent localized abdominal tenderness and guarding. In highly suspicious cases, exploratory laparotomy may be needed for the definite diagnosis and prevention of further complications.

Current views of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal diseases and may play a potential role in certain extraintestinal diseases. H. pylori infection are mainly acquired during childhood, and it has been reported that in endemic areas of China the infection rates are extraordinarily higher in HSP children, particular those with abdominal manifestations. Furthermore, eradication therapy may ameliorate Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) manifestations and decrease the recurrence of HSP. Therefore, results suggested that detection of H. pylori infection by appropriate method ought to be applied in HSP children. Current evidences indicate that local injury of gastric mucosa and immunological events induced by H. pylori infection are involved in the development of HSP. Increased serum Ig A, cryoglobulins, C3 levels, autoimmunity, proinflammatory substances and molecular mimicry inducing immune complex and cross-reactive antibodies caused by H. pylori infection might play their roles in the course of HSP. However, there are no investigations confirming the causality between H. pylori infection and HSP, and the pathogenesis mechanism is still unclear. More bench and clinical studies need to be executed to elaborate the complex association between H. pylori and HSP.

Spectrum of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura in Children: A Single-Center Experience from Western Provence of Saudi Arabia

The aim of this study was to describe the common presentation, frequency, and complications of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) in patients <18 years who were followed up at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah over the last 12 years. We performed a retrospective chart review of the medical records of all patients diagnosed as HSP. During this period, only 29 cases were reported (15 males, 14 females), with the mean age at the diagnosis 7.5 years. 82% percent of the patients had joint involvement in the form of arthritis or arthralgia;17.2% had no joint involvement. Abdominal manifestations were reported in 72.4% of the patients, while renal involvement was documented in 24.1% of the cases;two patients had scrotal involvement. Four patients (13.7%) had a recurrence within four months of HSP diagnosis. However, all patients had full recovery within a month. More research is warranted to study the prevalence, clinical manifestations, preceding factors, and complications of HSP in a Saudi-based cohort.

Effects of methylprednisolone combined with montelukast on immune function and cytokines in children with recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Objective:To study the effects of methylprednisolone combined with montelukast on immune function and cytokines in children with recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura.Methods:Children who were diagnosed with recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura in Zigong Third People's Hospital between September 2015 and August 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the intervention group who received methylprednisolone combined with montelukast therapy and the control group who received hydrocortisone therapy. The levels of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg immunity indexes in peripheral blood as well as cytokines in serum were measured before treatment as well as 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.Results: 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment, Th1 and Treg cell contents as well as T-bet and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood of both groups of patients were significantly higher than those before treatment whereas Th2 and Th17 cell contents as well as GATA-3 and RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood and NF-κB, OPN, IL-33, MK and HMGB1 contents in serum were significantly lower than those before treatment, and Th1 and Treg cell contents as well as T-bet and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood of intervention group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas Th2 and Th17 cell contents as well as GATA-3 and RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood and NF-κB, OPN, IL-33, MK and HMGB1 contents in serum were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusion: methylprednisolone combined with montelukast treatment of recurrent Henoch-Schonlein purpura can regulate the immune function and inhibit the cytokine secretion.

Regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on data mining techniques

Objective:This study aims to explore the regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for allergic purpura.Methods:CNKI,Weipu Chinese science and technology database,wanfang medical network database,and Chinese biomedical literature database were searched for eligible studies.Medical records including complete patient personal information,patient symptoms,TCM syndromes,treatment,and medication were included.The data was analyzed using the Chinese medicine heritage support platform provided by the Chinese Academy of Chinese medicine(V2.5).Results:Differentiation of health gas camp blood was the most commonly used method of differentiation of symptoms and signs in famous veteran TCM.The treatment included cooling blood,activating blood circulation,clearing heat and detoxifying toxins,removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding.Honeysuckle,Forsythia suspensa,cicada slough and other drugs were interrelated.Potential drug pair combinations and drug networks showed the basic drug composition of Qingying Decoction.According to the entropy cluster analysis,28 core drug combination and 12 new formulations were obtained.Conclusion:The regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on the famous and old TCM doctors was complex.Further researches are still needed.

Evaluation of the cytokine levels and immune response status of montelukast, loratadine and tanshinone combination therapy for Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Objective:To evaluate the cytokine levels and immune response status of montelukast, loratadine and tanshinone combination therapy for Henoch-Schonlein purpura.Methods: A total of 80 patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura who were treated in Ankang Central Hospital between May 2014 and January 2017 were collected and divided into montelukast group, loratadine group, tanshinone group and combined treatment group according to the random number table, 20 cases in each group. Serum levels of inflammatory factors, Th17/Treg cellular immunity indexes before and after treatment were compared among four groups of patients.Results: Before treatment, differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors and Th17/Treg cellular immunity indexes were not statistically significant among four groups of patients. After treatment, serum HMGB1, IL-8, IL-14, IL-23 and IL-33 levels in combined treatment group were lower than those in montelukast group, loratadine group and tanshinone group;serum IL-17 level was lower than that in montelukast group, loratadine group and tanshinone group while IL-10 and TGF-β levels were higher than those in montelukast group, loratadine group and tanshinone group.Conclusions: Montelukast, loratadine and tanshinone combination therapy for Henoch-Schonlein purpura helps to reduce systemic inflammatory response and balance Th17/Treg cell immunity.

Overview of the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children and the research progress on related mechanism of inflammatory cytokines

Henoch-schonlein purpura (HSP) is a kind of systemic vasculitis that is common in childhood,and its pathogenesis is complicated and considered to have important relationship with lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells and so on. The causes of this disease are complex and have not been clearly identified, but numerous studies have shown that inflammatory factors such as IL-1, IL-17 and TNF-α play an important role in the development of HSP.

Serum OPN and NF-κB contents in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and their correlation with oxidative stress and cellular immune function

Objective:To detect serum OPN and NF-κB contents in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) and study their correlation with oxidative stress and cellular immune function. Methods: The children who were diagnosed with HSP in Shijiazhuang First Hospital between February 2015 and October 2017 were selected as the HSP group of the study and the healthy children who received physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The serum was collected to measure the contents of OPN, NF-κB, oxidative stress indexes and immune cell inflammation, and the peripheral blood was collected to detect the mRNA expression of immune cell transcription factors.Results: OPN, NF-κB, MDA, MPO, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-17 contents in serum as well as GATA-3 and RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood of HSP group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas SOD, CAT, PON, IFN-γ and TGF-β1 contents in serum as well as T-bet and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood were significantly lower than those of control group;serum OPN and NF-κB contents in HSP group were positively correlated with MDA, MPO, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-17 contents in serum as well as GATA-3 and RORγt mRNA expression in peripheral blood, and negatively correlated with SOD, CAT, PON, IFN-γand TGF-β1 contents in serum as well as T-bet and FoxP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood. Conclusion: The abnormal increase of serum OPN and and NF-κB contents in children with HSP is closely related to the excessive oxidative stress activation and cellular immune dysfunction.

Effects of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in peripheral blood on CD4+T cell differentiation in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Objective:To study the effects of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 in peripheral blood on CD4+T cell differentiation in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Methods: Children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura who were treated in Zigong Maternal and Child Health Hospital between June 2014 and February 2018 were selected as the HSP group of the study, and healthy children who received physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group of the study. Peripheral blood was collected to determine the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 as well as the contents of CD4+T cell subsets, and serum was collected to determine the contents of CD4+T cytokines.Results: SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA expression levels as well as SOCS3/SOCS1 ratio in peripheral blood of HSP group were significantly higher than those of control group;Th1 and Treg contents in peripheral blood as well as IFN-γ and TGF-β1 contents in serum of HSP group were lower than those of control group whereas Th2 and Th17 contents in peripheral blood as well as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-17 contents in serum were higher than those of control group, and Th1 and Treg contents in peripheral blood as well as IFN-γ and TGF-β1 contents in serum of HSP children with high SOCS3/SOCS1 ratio were lower than those of HSP children with low SOCS3/SOCS1 ratio whereas Th2 and Th17 contents in peripheral blood as well as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-17 contents in serum were higher than those of HSP children with low SOCS3/SOCS1 ratio.Conclusions: Changes in SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression in peripheral blood of children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura can affect the differentiation of CD4+T cells.

A treatment for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on Shaoyang Channels： a hypothesis and case report

Henoch-Schonlein purpura （HSP） is an IgA-mediated vasculitis which is easy to relapse. A lot of patients have to useglucocorticoids, immunosuppressive drugs and other drugs which will bring sorts of serious side effects. Unfortunately,most of patients have to face the hurt of abdominal pain, arthritis, purpuric rash and renal involvement again after relapse.We have used Xiaochaihu decoration which is a famous formula in Shanghanlun to cure most of patients, especially whowith abdominal pain and purpuric rash. Due to the fact that this formula belongs to the Shaoyang Channels, interestingly,we find that these symptoms are located in regions close to the Shaoyang Channels. So that is the reason why Xiaochaihu decoration could work.

尿液蛋白标志物在儿童HSP早期肾损伤诊断中的意义

目的探讨尿液蛋白标志物检测在儿童过敏性紫癜(HSP)和紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)诊断中的应用价值,从而准确判断儿童HSP有无肾脏早期损伤。方法选择2016年4至6月在北京儿童医院住院或体检的儿童共166例,其中包括58例普通型HSP患儿、58例HSPN患儿和50例正常健康儿童。分别检测并比较各组儿童尿液中IgG、微量白蛋白(mAlb)、转铁蛋白(TRU)、α1-微球蛋白(A1M)和N-乙酰-β-D-氨基-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)的水平,血液中尿素(UREA)和肌酐(Cr)的水平。结果 HSPN组患儿尿液中IgG、mAlb、TRU、A1M、NAG水平均高于HSP组和健康对照组(Z=-8.724^-5.757,均P<0.05);HSPN组患儿尿液中IgG、mAlb、TRU、A1M、NAG阳性率均高于HSP组(χ2=19.414~82.818,均P<0.05);HSPN组患儿尿液中IgG、mAlb、TRU、A1M、NAG五项指标中两项联合检测的阳性率明显高于单独检测的阳性率(χ2=4.997~48.758,均P<0.05)。结论尿液中IgG、mAlb、TRU、A1M、NAG水平可作为诊断HSP儿童早期肾损伤的临床检测指标,通过多项目联合检测可明显提高HSP早期肾损伤诊断灵敏度。

HSP患儿生化指标与肾脏损害的相关性分析

目的探讨参与过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿肾脏损害的可能危险因素,为预防过敏性紫癜肾脏损害提供理论依据。方法 60例过敏性紫癜患儿入院后检查尿常规、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、谷草转氧酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸同工酶(CK-MB)、血胱抑素C(CysC)、尿Ⅳ型胶原纤维蛋白(尿Ⅳ-C)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(尿NAG酶)等多项生化指标,将所有资料进行线性相关及多元线性回归分析。结果 60例过敏性紫癜患儿肾脏损害的检出率为35%,线性相关分析显示:总蛋白(TP)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、Scr与BUN呈正相关(r值分别为0.23,0.16,0.18,0.22,0.12,0.14,均P<0.05),且白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、CRP、ESR、AST、CKMB亦与BUN呈正相关(r值分别为0.38,0.32,0.56,0.49,0.46,0.35,均P<0.01);进一步多元线性回归显示CRP、AST、CK-MB及ESR与BUN密切相关,其中决定系数R=0.901,R^2=0.812。结论 CRP、AST、CK-MR及ESR可能与HSP患儿肾脏损害的程度相关联,在HSP的治疗中对以上指标应该引起足够重视。

小儿HSP合并心电图及心肌酶异常相关因素分析

目的探讨小儿过敏性紫癜(HSP)合并心电图、心肌酶异常的发生及危险因素。方法选取于2014年8月至2016年7月在四川大学华西第二医院就诊的小儿HSP患儿150例,将合并有心脏损害的患儿归为观察组,共41例,其余109例未合并心脏损害的患儿为对照组。回顾性分析所有患儿的临床资料和实验室资料。统计分析小儿HSP合并心脏损害可能的相关危险因素。结果男性患儿、发病诱因、混合型HSP、低补体血症4种因素可能与HSP患儿合并心脏损害有关,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为4.338、5.872、4.436、5.756,均P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果可见,性别(OR=1.919,95%CI:1.262~2.927)、发病诱因(OR=0.451,95%CI:0.279~0.729)、混合型HSP(OR=2.401,95%CI:1.138~5.067)为HSP合并心脏损害的危险因素。结论对于男性HSP患儿、表现为混合型HSP、发病前存在明显诱因的患儿应高度警惕,及时进行心肌酶谱和心电图的检查,对结果异常的患儿应尽早处理,避免出现严重心脏并发症。

甲泼尼龙冲击递减法对重症HSP患儿的疗效

目的探讨甲泼尼龙冲击递减疗法治疗重症过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿的疗效、安全性和对患儿血清炎性因子和血管内皮细胞因子的影响。方法选择2011年7月至2013年6月海宁市人民医院儿科收治的60例重症HSP患儿随机分为治疗1组和治疗2组,在常规治疗和对症处理的基础上,治疗1组采用常规甲泼尼龙治疗,治疗2组采用甲泼尼龙冲击递减疗法;另选择同期健康体检儿童作为对照组。对比观察治疗两组临床治疗效果和血清炎性因子白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-o(TNF-α)、血管内皮细胞因子内皮素-1(ET-1)和一氧化氮(NO)等治疗前后变化和与对照组的比较。结果治疗1组显效率为33.3%,总有效率为73.3%,均显著低于治疗2组的70.0%和93.3%,差异均有统计学意义(x^2值分别为8.076和4.320,均P<0.05);治疗2组住院时间、尿常规恢复正常时间、皮疹消退时间、消化道出血消退时间、腹痛消退时间、关节肿痛消退时间均少于治疗1组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.685、4.285、2.462、5.099、4.515、5.451,均P<0.05);治疗前,治疗1组和治疗2组IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t_1值分别为25.673、19.463、15.309;t_2值分别为22.091、17.556、16.663,均P<0.05);治疗后,治疗1组和治疗2组IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α水平均较治疗前显著降低(t_1值分别为10.086、8.564、9.227;t_2值分别为16.732、12.047、14.336,均P<0.05),且治疗2组均低于治疗1组(t值分别为5.667、5.008、4.461,均P<0.05);治疗前,治疗1组和治疗2组NO和ET-1均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t_1值分别为10.004、8.276;t_2值分别为6.786、7.223,均P<0.05);治疗后,治疗1组和治疗2组NO和ET-1水平均较治疗前显著降低t_1值分别为3.278、3.563;t_2值分别为5.225、5.965,均P<0.05),且治疗2组均低于治疗1组(t值分别为3.002、2.874,均P<0.05);两组患儿不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(x^2=1.031,P=0.353)。结论重症过敏性紫癜患儿血管内皮的损害可能参与了血管炎症的发生,甲泼尼龙冲击递减疗法可以改善血管内皮损伤,减轻血管炎症,是一种安全有效的治疗方法 。

Significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in adult patients with Henoch-Schnlein purpura presenting mainly with gastrointestinal symptoms

AIM： To test the clinical significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody （ANCA） in evaluation of adult Henoch-Schonlein purpura （HSP） patients presenting mainly with abdominal symptoms. METHODS： Twenty-eight consecutive HSP patients who presented predominantly with abdominal symptoms were enrolled in this study. Control subjects included 27 ageand sex-matched patients with peptic ulcer disease, colon cancer, acute gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome and colonic polyps. ANCA was measured by indirect immunofluorescence （IIF） in all patients, and follow-up ELISA was performed in patients with positive IIF tests. RESULTS： ANCA was detected in 9 HSP patients by IIF （2 were positive for c-ANCA and 7 were positive for p-ANCA）. No ANCA was found in the control group. The sensitivity and specificity of a positive ANCA test （either c- or p-ANCA） were 32.1% and 100% respectively. Only one out of the 9 patients with positive ANCA by IIF had positive ANCA by ELISA and the antigen was myeloperoxidase （MPO）. The patients positive for ANCA had higher HSP clinical scores, and were more likely to have renal function impairment. Patients with late purpura development were also associated with more severe clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION： A positive ANCA test is associated with more severe symptoms in HSP. After inflammatory bowel disease is excluded, a positive ANCA test provides a clue to the diagnosis of HSP presenting predominantly with abdominal symptoms.

Childhood Henoch-Schnlein Purpura Nephritis and IgA Nephropathy: One Disease Entity?——A Clinico-pathologically Comparative Study

Summary： In order to characterize their relationship through clinicopathological comparison between IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis （HSPN）, 31 children with IgA nephrop- athy aged between 3 to 15 years and 120 children with HSPN aged between 4 to 15 years were compared with each other in clinical manifestation, blood biochemistry, serum immunology and followup study. Renal pathological findings under light microscope, immunofluorescence and electronic microscope were analyzed and also compared between 31 children with IgA nephropathy and 32 biopsied children with HSPN. The results showed that the onset age was over 12 years in 25.8 % children with IgA nephropathy, but only 10 % in HSPN （P〈0.05）. The clinical patterns of IgA nephropathy and HSPN were similar, but extra-renal manifestations were more often in HSPN, all of them had skin purpura, 59 % had gastrointestinal symptoms and 47 % suffered from arthralgia, compared with only abdominal pain in 3.2 % children with IgA nephropathy. The renal pathological investigation showed global sclerosis in 35.5 % of IgA nephropathy and 3.1% of HSPN, mesangial sclerosis in 41.9 % of IgA nephropathy and 6.3 % of HSPN, but endothelial proliferation in 65.6 % of HSPN and 29 % of IgA nephropathy （all P〈0.01）. Thin basement membrane nephropathy was only found in 6. 5 % children with IgA nephropathy, no in HSPN. The electronic dense deposits in HSPN were sparse, lodse and wildly spread in glomerular mesangium, subendothelial area and even intra basement membrane, but it was dense, lumpy and mostly limited in mesangium and paramesangium in IgA nephropathy. Predominant IgA deposits were found in 81.2% of HSPN, and overwhelming IgG deposits in 12.5 % of HSPN with relatively weak IgA deposits, moreover 6.3 % of HSPN showed linear IgG deposits in glomerular capillary. Totally 71. 9 G of HSPN had IgG deposits in glomeruli and only 19.4% of IgA nephropathy showed glomerular IgG deposits （P〈0. 01）. No IgG deposit was observed in 81. 6 % of IgA nephropathy, among them most showed IgA and IgM and/or C3 deposits, moreover overwhelming IgG deposits and linear IgG deposits couldn＇t be found in IgA nephropathy. Mean 20 months follow-up showed complete remission in 72.5% of HSPN, but only 19.4% in IgA nephropathy after 34 months follow-up. Moreover, 64.5 % of IgA nephropathy had consistent hematuria and proteinuria and 16. 1% had active nephritides （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that significant clinico-pathological difference was found between HSPN and IgA nephropathy, which didn＇t support the one disease entity hypothesis. HSPN and IgA nephropathy are probably two diseases with similar immune abnormalities.