Study on the Activity of Herbal Extract to Kill Root-knot Nematode of Cucumber Seedlings Stage

Present mature plants hydroponic technology was used,combined with some excellent characteristics,such as growth conditions was easy to control and process of root growth was easy to continuously observe,the nematicidal activity of 5 kinds of Chinese herbs extracts and the compound solution of Avermectin,with strong contact toxicity effect indoor,was systematically studied and investigated the affection on the root-knot nematode parasitized on the cucumber seeding stage. It is found that under the premise of no influence on root growth of cucumber,extracts from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora and Punica granatum showed strong prevention and nematicidal activity,and had the similar efficacy of Avermectin; while the extracts from Cibotium barometz,Aucklandia lappa Decne and Fructus cnidii showed low nematicidal activity and various degrees inhibition effect on plant growth.

Traditional Chinese herbal extracts inducing autophagy as a novel approach in therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases around the world due to the modern sedentary and food-abundant lifestyle, which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver related with causes other than alcohol abuse. It is widely acknowledged that insulin resistance, dysfunctional lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/necrosis may all contribute to NAFLD. Autophagy is a protective self-digestion of intracellular organelles, including lipid droplets(lipophagy), in response to stress to maintain homeostasis. Lipophagy is another pathway for lipid degradation besides lipolysis. It is reported that impaired autophagy also contributes to NAFLD. Some studies have suggested that the histological characteristics of NAFLD(steatosis, lobular inflammation, and peri-sinusoid fibrosis) might be improved by treatment with traditional Chinese herbal extracts, while autophagy may be induced. This review will provide insights into the characteristics of autophagy in NAFLD and the related role/mechanisms of autophagy induced by traditional Chinese herbal extracts such as resveratrol, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, dioscin, bergamot polyphenol fraction, capsaicin, and garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine, which may inhibit the progression of NAFLD. Regulation of autophagy/lipophagy with traditional Chinese herbal extracts may be a novel approach for treating NAFLD, and the molecular mechanisms should be elucidated further in the near future.

Herbal extracts as hepatoprotectants against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

Many plant-derived natural products have the potential to be hepatoprotective and therefore can be used to treat acute and chronic liver diseases. The challenge is to identify the most promising compounds and evaluate their protective mechanism. In a recently published article, Wang et al evaluated extracts of the plant Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa (GM) in a model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. The authors concluded that GM is hepatoprotective against acetaminopheninduced liver injury due to its antioxidant properties and anti-apoptotic capacity. We would like to discuss the limitations of this experimental approach and question the conclusion based on the data presented in this manuscript and the published literature.

Analysis of active patents to investigate the frequency and patterns of Chinese herbal extract combinations claiming to treat heart disease

Objective:Using Chinese patents in force to investigate the frequency and patterns of Chinese herbal extract combinations claiming to treat heart disease.Methods:Patent documents were retrieved from the official website of the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic China.Cluster,frequency,and fuzzy cluster analyses were applied.Results:A high number of patents in force included high-frequency herbs such as Salvia miltiorrhiza,Panax ginseng,and Panax notoginseng,as well as high-frequency herbal families such as Araliaceae,Leguminosae,Labiatae,and Umbelliferae.Herb pairs such as P.ginsengþOphiopogon japonicus,S.miltiorrhizaþDalbergia odorifera,and P.ginsengþSchisandra chinensis are also commonly used,as well as herbal family pairs such as AraliaceaeþLiliaceae,LauraceaeþLeguminosae,and AraliaceaeþSchisandraceae.Traditional treatment principles for preventing and treating heart diseases was most-commonly based on simultaneously treating the liver and heart and treating the lung and spleen secondarily for choosing herbal combinations.Conclusion:Most of the high-frequency Chinese herbs in the patents investigated belong to the high-frequency herbal families,and herb pairs were commonly selected to coincide with the commonly-used herbal family pairs.Low-frequency Chinese herbs were also used,but generally belonged to the high-frequency herbal families,and were therefore similar to the highfrequency herbs in terms of traditional categories of taste and channel entered.The results reflect the use of traditional principles of formula composition,and suggest that these principles may indeed be an effective guide for further research and development of Chinese herbal extract combinations to prevent and treat heart diseases.

Novel drug designing rationale against Brugia malayi microfilariae using herbal extracts

Objective:To explore the effect of herbal polyphenolics on filariasis in vitro.Methods:Two herbal extracts,methanolic extracts of roots of Vitex negundo Linn.（Nirgundi） and leaves of Aegle marmelos Juss.（Beal） in different concentrations ranging from 40-80 ng/mL were tested for their antifilarial activity either alone or in combination with diethyl carbonate（DEC）（300μg/mL） and/or H2O2（0.5 mM）.Results:Combination of DEC and each extract had significant anti-filarial effect.And fractions of both extracts were not effective as crude herbal extract.Conclusions: Such unique pharmacodynamics reported in this study might provide new drug development stratagem against filariasis.

Comparative Study of Herbal Extracted Gel and 1% Hydrocortisone Gel in the Treatment of Mosquito Bite Reaction

Background: Mosquito bite reaction is a common skin disease. Topical steroids and oral antihistamines are the conventional treatment. However, the side effects from prolonged use of topical steroids are the limitation of the treatment. Recently, herbal extracts are emerging interest for an alternative anti-inflammatory dermatoses therapy. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of herbal extracted gel containing, Perilla frutescens, Portulaca oleracea, Ipomoea pescaprae, Aloe vera, Centella asiatica and Broussonetia papyrifera in comparing with 1% hydrocortisone (HC) gel. Material and Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 50 mosquito bite hypersensitive volunteers (15 - 19 years old) with double-blinded split randomized control method. After the volunteers were exposed for one bite on their arms by a non-infectious mosquito, Aedes albopictus, the drugs were applied twice daily. The diameter of lesion, pruritus analog score, erythema and melanin index were measured at 2, 6, 24 hours and 2, 3, 4 weeks. The volunteers “self-satisfaction” and side effects were recorded. Results: The mean age was 17.42 ± 1.14 years old. The diameter of lesion, pruritus analog score, erythema and melanin index were decreased on both sides at each visit with significant difference (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two agents of all parameters and the satisfaction of the volunteers (p > 0.05). The post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation rate of 1% HC and herbal gel was 64% and 54% respectively without significant difference (p = 0.267). Conclusion: The herbal gel was as effective as 1% HC for the treatment of acute and late reaction of mosquito bite reaction in adolescent. It may be used as the alternative treatment for mosquito bite reaction.

Inhibitory effect of eleven herbal extracts on advanced glycation end-products formation and aldose reductase activity

The formation of advanced glycation end-products （AGEs） and aldose reductase （AR） activity have been implicated in the development of diabetic complications. Our study sought to characterize the capacities of eleven herbal extracts against the formation of AGEs and the AR activity. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method was used for the detection of AR activity and the screening of AR inhibitors in this research. The amount of sorbitol from each analyte was directly detected using the multiple reaction monitoring mode and the sorbitol level could be reduced via the addition of an inhibitor. Moreover, the BSA/glucose （fructose） system was applied to investigate their inhibitory activities of AGEs formation in glycation model reactions. Compared with other screened herbs used in our study, Flos Sophorae lrnrnaturus and Radix Scutellariae seemed to be more effective on inhibiting the formation of AGEs and AR activity. The inhibiting capacities of herbal extracts against AR activity and AGEs formation may be correlated with the bioactive components of the herbal extracts. The differences were correlated with the amount of polyphenol and flavonoid components. In the study, we have investigated the potential anti-hyperglycemic bioactivity of eleven herbal extracts in vitro, which could provide a reference for further in vivo research in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.

Comparative Effect of Propolis of Honey Bee and Some Herbal Extracts on Candida Albicans

Objective： To determine the effect of propolis on Candida albicans and to compare it with the effects of some other herbal extracts and antibiotics on this pathogenic fungi. Methods： The extracts of propolis, Thymus vulgaris, Caryophillium aromaticus, Echinophora platyloba, Allium cepa and Cinnamomum zeylanicumwere prepared and the antifungi effects of the extracts were examined on Candida albicans ATCC10231 using disc-diffusion assay and micro-broth dilution. The minimum fungicidal concentration（MFC） and minimum inhibitory concentrations（MIC） as well as inhibition zone were evaluated and the anti fungi effects of herbal extracts were compared with amphotricin B and nystatin at the times of 24, 48 and 72 h. Data analysis was performed using t test. Results： Obtained results showed that propolis extract with MIC90 and MFC equal to 39 and 65 μg/mL, respectively, possess the highest antifungal activity when compared with other studied extracts. The extracts of Allium cepa and Thymus vulgaris, with MFC of 169 and 137 μg/mL, respectively, showed the lowest effects on the fungi. Also nystatin and amphotricin B yielded better effects on the tested fungi compared with the effects of all studied extracts on Candida albicans. Conclusions： Propolis extract is effective in controlling Candida albicans. However, the issue requires further investigation on samples in animals and performing toxicological examinations.

Interventional mechanisms of herbs or herbal extracts on renal interstitial fibrosis

Renal interstitial fibrosis（RIF） is a common development in chronic renal diseases that can lead to uremia and be life-threatening. The RIF pathology has complicated extracellular and intercellular mechanisms, involving many cells and cytokines, resulting in an incomplete mechanistic understanding of the disease. Finding effective herbs or herbal extracts for prevention and treatment of RIF is crucial because current medical approaches do not reliably slow or reverse RIF. In recent years, many experts have worked to identify herbs or herbal extracts to combat RIF both in vivo and in vitro, with some success. This review attempts to summarize the possible interventional mechanisms of herbs or herbal extracts involved in protecting and reversing RIF. The authors found some herbs and their extracts that may ameliorate renal impairments through anti-inflammation, anti-fibrogenesis and stabilization of extra cellular matrix. Among them, tetramethylpyrazine/ligustrazine, curcumin and polyglucoside of Tripterygium have experimentally shown good potential for improving RIF. However, conclusive evidence is still needed, especially in randomized controlled clinical trials. We expect that herbs or herbal extracts will play an important role in RIF treatment and reversal in the future.

Clinical evaluation of herbal extract niaoduqing in the treatmentofearly stage chronic renal failure

in the advanced stage of kidney diseases,the functional capacity of the diseased kidney gradually declines , and develops into uremia. There is no medicine to retard the progression of early stage chronic renal failure to end-stage renal failure. For this reason, a clinical study was performed in two groups of patients with early stage chronic renal failure. Group 1 patients (400 cases) were treated with a herbal preparation, niaoduqing,and group 2 patients (160 cases) received therapy with Oxyamyli Tectus Sldehydum. It was found that both blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels decreased in group 1 patients (P<0. 05). The group 2patients showed a decreased BUN level (P<0. 05) ,but the decrease of Scr level was not significant (P>0. 05).According to theory of traditional Chinese medicine , niaoduqing can clear BUN and Scr . ameliorate uremic symptoms and protect the residual renal function. From the study, it is suggested that this herbal mixture can be used to treat patients with moderate renal failure. Furthermore , the mixture can be conveniently taken orally and has no side effects.

Beijing Tong Ren Tang Herbal Medicines Extract Factory

The Beijing Tong Ren Tang Herbal Medicines Extract Factory, a specialized producer of traditional Chinese medicines in tablet form, was set up in 1952 by Le Songsheng, vice mayor of Beijing and manager of Tong Ren Tang, with the aim of producing traditional Chinese medicines in Western form and by scientific means. The factory produced the

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Herbal Mixture Extracts in Mice

Herbal mixture extracts (HME) comprised of Semen Sojae Nigrum, Fructus Cnidii, Radix Glycyrrhizae, and Cornu Cervi. Herein, we employed three mouse models, including hot-plate test, acetic acid (AA)-induced writhing test and AA-induced vascular permeability test, to determine analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of HME. Results revealed that HME exhibited analgesic effects in hot-plate test and in AA-induced writhing test, as evidenced by increasing the latency to lick paws and decreasing AA-induced writhing counts, respectively. HME also significantly and dose-dependently decreased AA-induced vascular permeability, indicating HME exhibited anti-inflammatory effects. Similar improvement can be observed in aspirin treatment that used as positive control in this study. Most of medicinal effects of Fructus Cnidii are considered to attribute to coumarins, such as osthol (OST) and imperatorin (IMP) with several pharmacological activities. We then used OST and IMP as bioactive components in HME. The content of OST and IMP in HME was 3.57 ± 0.10 mg/g and 1.20 ± 0.02 mg/g, respectively, from three independent batches. Only OST possessed inhibitory effects in three mouse models, suggesting that OST may partially involve in protective effects of HME. These results demonstrated that HME has a potential on anti-analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory actions.

The Prospect of Application of Extractive Reference Substance of Chinese Herbal Medicines

The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its clinical use of multiple ingredients with synergistic effects. The convention of using just a selected few Chemical Reference Substances (CRS) cannot adequately assess the quality of intact CHM. A validated chemical spectrum of an ERS provides the global characteristics in order to more specifically identify and assess targeted CHM. This paper describes the fundamental concepts, potential significance, and basic criteria of ERS, along with methods of preparation and calibration. Given the diversity of CHM, the various problems that will occur in establishing the proper process of ERS will need to be solved in a step by step manner. The ERSs of Ziziphi spinosae semen and ERS of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus are given as examples of the development of ERS and demonstrate why we are optimistic about the utility of this approach.

中医药治疗卵巢癌的机制研究进展

卵巢癌具有难检测、难治疗、复发率高等临床特点,是致死率最高的妇科恶性肿瘤之一。早期症状隐匿,发现时多已进展至晚期,手术后铂类药物化疗是目前的主要治疗手段,但长期使用会产生耐药性,且不良反应极多。近年来,随着中医学的不断进步和发展,中药已成为目前抗卵巢癌研究的热点。笔者在国内外数据库中检索相关研究论文,发现中药具有抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖、促进细胞凋亡、逆转耐药性等作用机制,主要作用在PI3K/Akt/mTOR、Wnt/β-catenin、Notch、NF-κB、MAPK信号通路。

敏感性皮肤的中医辨治初探

敏感性皮肤发生率较高,国内女性敏感性皮肤发生率在15.93%,男性为8.62%。本文分析了敏感性皮肤的中医病因病机及辨证论治,介绍了肺经风热、肝经湿热、脾虚湿蕴、肝郁血燥、阳虚水饮五型及相应治则、方药,中药湿敷、中药膏/油外用、中药提取物护肤品的应用及体针、放血治疗方案。认为本症可通过中医内服外治联合的方案,以取得促进皮肤屏障修复、降低神经血管高反应性、控制炎症反应、提高皮肤耐受性的效果。

几种中草药提取物对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑菌活性

中草药因其独特的优势应用于农作物病虫害防控中备受关注,为探究可用于防治马铃薯晚疫病的中草药制剂,助力晚疫病绿色防控,选用无水乙醇、石油醚及乙酸乙酯(体积比为4:3:3)三元溶剂,通过冷浸渍法提取百里香等11种中草药不同部位获得相应制剂。分别采用平板菌丝生长速率法和叶片接种法测定11种中草药制剂对马铃薯晚疫病菌的离体和半活体抑菌活性。百里香和大黄具有较强的抑菌活性,EC_(50)分别为130.19和364.90 mg/kg,优于阳性对照药剂丁子香酚(669.52 mg/kg);防风、齿果酸模、广藿香、蛇床子、野胡萝卜和补骨脂抑菌活性较强,EC_(50)分别为768.28、807.33、874.75、953.52、1519.11和1659.58 mg/kg,低于丁子香酚。可知,百里香、大黄、防风、齿果酸模、广藿香、蛇床子、野胡萝卜和补骨脂对马铃薯晚疫病具有较强的防治效果和潜在应用价值。

Grape Seed Extract and the Fetal Ductus Arteriosus: A Potential Danger of a Common Herbal Supplement

A female at 28 weeks gestation was referred to pediatric cardiology for a fetal arrhythmia. The echocardiogram revealed premature constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Her work up was unremarkable except for her use of an herbal supplement, grape seed extract, which is advertised as a potent anti-inflammatory medication, and has biochemical properties similar to other medications that have been shown to cause premature ductal constriction. The use of herbal remedies increases each year. Although the public is inundated with radio, television, and internet advertisements for these products, little unbiased information regarding the possible dangers of toxicity or adverse reactions exists. As physicians, we need to be aware of these products, and counsel our patients accordingly.

白及根腐病病原菌的鉴定及抑制效应研究

为明确鉴定白及块茎腐烂病(根腐病)的病原菌,并筛选能够抑制病原菌的中药材提取物。该研究利用常规组织分离法对病原菌进行分离,通过形态学和分子生物学技术对致病菌株进行鉴定,同时观察了7种中药材提取物对病原菌的抑菌效果。结果表明:(1)从感病叶片、叶鞘及块茎中共分离得到14株真菌和4株细菌,病原菌室内和室外回接表明菌株GF-1致病症状与田间一致,致病率均达到100%。(2)经形态学鉴定,菌株GF-1为附球菌属(Epicoccum)病原菌,菌落白色绒絮状,圆形;菌丝匍匐向外、向上生长,气生,无色,有隔膜,有分枝,具有分生孢子和厚垣孢子。(3)菌株GF-1的ITS序列(全长522 bp)与GenBank中已登录的甘蔗的高粱附球菌(E.sorghinum,MN493119.1)序列一致性最高,达99.62%,与已报道的白及叶斑病致病菌高粱附球菌(E.sorghinum,MF948994.1)的一致性为98.88%。(4)培养基中含有0.1~0.2 g·mL^(-1)的青钱柳等7种中药材提取物,能够完全抑制GF-1菌落的生长;当培养基中含有0.05 g·mL^(-1)的提取物时,肉桂和丁香提取物仍然能够完全抑制菌落的生长。综上认为,引起白及根腐病的致病菌为附球菌属高粱附球菌(E.sorghinum),培养基中分别含有0.1~0.2 g·mL^(-1)的青钱柳、白及、厚朴、八角、肉桂、蛇床子和丁香7种中药材提取物且均能完全抑制致病菌的生长。该研究结果为白及根腐病的防治提供了理论指导。

中药提取物的生物学功能及其在断奶仔猪中的试验性研究进展

中药提取物具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、调节机体免疫等生物学功能,在改善断奶仔猪采食量减少、生长发育迟缓、腹泻等问题上具有良好的效果。本文综述了中药提取物的生物学功能及其在断奶仔猪中的试验性研究,为开发利用兽用中药提取物及其制剂提供参考。

本草免洗凝胶的制备及其抗菌作用研究

目的:研发本草免洗凝胶,并评估该免洗凝胶抗菌作用。方法:采用正丁醇去除马齿苋色素,将马齿苋药渣与金银花、白及混合后进行提取;以卡波姆-940为基质,按照凝胶剂的制备方法,制成本草免洗凝胶;并对所制备的免洗凝胶进行抗菌作用研究。结果:本实验研发的75%乙醇-水提取物免洗凝胶色泽均匀、气味清香、手感较好,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌等具有明显的抑制作用。结论:该本草免洗凝胶制作简单,抗菌作用明显,具有一定的潜在开发应用价值。