Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of birds.Understanding these effects is crucial for bird conserv...Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of birds.Understanding these effects is crucial for bird conservation.Reeves’ s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) is a threatened species endemic to China,which is characterized by female-only incubation.However,there is a lack of information regarding the impact of weather conditions on clutch size and incubation behavior in this species.Using satellite tracking,we tracked 27 wild female Reeves’ s Pheasants from 2020 to 2023 in Hubei Province,China.We explored their clutch size and incubation behavior,as well as their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation.Clutch size averaged 7.75 ±1.36,had an association with average ambient temperature and average daily precipitation during the egglaying period,and was potentially linked to female breeding attempts.Throughout the incubation period,females took an average of 0.73 ±0.46 recesses every 24 h,with an average recess duration of 100.80 ±73.37 min and an average nest attendance of 92.98 ±5.27%.They showed a unimodal recess pattern in which nest departures peaked primarily between 13:00 and 16:00.Furthermore,females rarely left nests when daily precipitation was high.Recess duration and nest attendance were influenced by the interaction between daily mean ambient temperature and daily precipitation,as well as day of incubation.Additionally,there was a positive correlation between clutch size and recess duration.These results contribute valuable insights into the lifehistory features of this endangered species.展开更多
The pointwise space-time behaviors of the Green’s function and the global solution to the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck(VPFP)system in three dimensional space are studied in this paper.It is shown that the Green’s fu...The pointwise space-time behaviors of the Green’s function and the global solution to the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck(VPFP)system in three dimensional space are studied in this paper.It is shown that the Green’s function consists of the diffusion waves decaying exponentially in time but algebraically in space,and the singular kinetic waves which become smooth for all(t,x,v)when t>0.Furthermore,we establish the pointwise space-time behaviors of the global solution to the nonlinear VPFP system when the initial data is not necessarily smooth in terms of the Green’s function.展开更多
The selective laser melting(SLM) method has a great potential for fabricating injection mold with complex structure. However, the microstructure and performance of the SLM molds show significantly di erent from those ...The selective laser melting(SLM) method has a great potential for fabricating injection mold with complex structure. However, the microstructure and performance of the SLM molds show significantly di erent from those manufac?tured by traditional technologies. In this study, the microstructure, hardness and especially corrosion behavior of the samples fabricated by SLM and casting were investigated. The XRD results exhibit that the γ?Fe phase is only obtained in the SLM parts, and the α?Fe peak slightly moves to low di raction angle compared with casting counterparts. Due to the rapid cooling rate, the SLM samples have fine cellular microstructures while the casting ones have coarse grains with obvious elements segregation. Besides, the SLM samples show anisotropy, hardness of side view and top view are 48.73 and 50.31 HRC respectively, which are 20% higher than that of casting ones. Corrosion results show that the SLM samples have the better anti?corrosion resistance(in a 6% FeCl3 solution for 48 h) but the deeper corrosion pits than casting ones. Finally, the performance of the SLM molds could meet the requirement of injecting production. Moreover, the molds especially present a significant decrease(20%) of cooling time and increases of cooling uniform?ity due to the customized conformal cooling channels.展开更多
Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can promote the proliferation, migration and differentiation of exogenous neural stem cells in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice and can improve learning and memory...Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can promote the proliferation, migration and differentiation of exogenous neural stem cells in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice and can improve learning and memory impairment and behavioral function in dementia-model mice. Thus, we sought to determine whether Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can elevate the effect of neural stem cell transplantation in Alzheimer’s disease model mice. Sanjiao acupuncture was used to stimulate Danzhong (CV17), Zhongwan (CV12),Qihai (CV6), bilateral Xuehai (SP10) and bilateral Zusanli (ST36) 15 days before and after implantation of neural stem cells (5 × 10^5) into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of SAMP8 mice. Simultaneously, 0.2 mL HuangDiSan, containing Rehmannia Root and Chinese Angelica,was intragastrically administered. Our results demonstrated that compared with mice undergoing neural stem cell transplantation alone,learning ability was significantly improved and synaptophysin mRNA and protein levels were greatly increased in the hippocampus of mice undergoing both Sanjiao acupuncture and intragastric administration of HuangDiSan. We conclude that the combination of Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can effectively improve dementia symptoms in mice, and the mechanism of this action might be related to the regulation of synaptophysin expression.展开更多
The effects of alloying elements of Ca/Sn on corrosion behaviors of the as-cast Mg-4Zn-0.2Mn alloy were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical methods.The results indicated that the average corrosion rate...The effects of alloying elements of Ca/Sn on corrosion behaviors of the as-cast Mg-4Zn-0.2Mn alloy were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical methods.The results indicated that the average corrosion rate value of the Mg-4Zn-0.2Mn-Ca alloy was∼0.31 mm/year in Hank’s physiological solution for 40 days,and corrosion resistance increased for the specimens containing Ca element rather than that containing Sn because of the higher breakdown potential value,lower current density and deactivated corrosion rate,which was ascribed to a formation of the uniformly distributed Mg-Zn-Ca ternary phase.展开更多
The doping of phosphorus, sulfur and boron in IN718 superalloy can remarkably influence the creep behavior. The modifications of the minor elements seem not to vary the stress exponent and the influences primarily con...The doping of phosphorus, sulfur and boron in IN718 superalloy can remarkably influence the creep behavior. The modifications of the minor elements seem not to vary the stress exponent and the influences primarily concentrate on the effective diffusion coefficient. A pronounced beneficial interaction between P and B and a weaker detrimental interaction between P and S have been obtained. The preexponential frequency constant is proved to be strongly related with the creep activation energy because of the so-called compensation effect. The compensation temperature has been determined to be about 1080 K, which corresponds to the transformation temperature from rapidly coarsened γ'' phase to δ phase. It has been proposed that trace elements can influence the effective diffusion coefficient individually or cooperatively, which in turn either retard or speed the creep process.展开更多
Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patie...Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patients are relatively rare. This study aimed to explore cerebral structural alterations using magnetic resonance imaging and to determine their association with clinical parameters in iRBD patients. Brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 19 polysomnogram-confirmed iRBD patients(male:female 16:3; mean age 66.6 ± 7.0 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls(male:female 5:15; mean age 63.7 ± 5.9 years). Gray matter volume(GMV) data were analyzed based on Statistical Parametric Mapping 8, using a voxel-based morphometry method and two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. Compared with controls, iRBD patients had increased GMV in the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellar posterior lobe, but decreased GMV in the Rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, insular lobe, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, rectus gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. iRBD duration was positively correlated with GMV in the precuneus, cuneus, superior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum posterior lobe. Furthermore, phasic chin electromyographic activity was positively correlated with GMV in the hippocampus, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and cerebellar posterior lobe. There were no significant negative correlations of brain GMV with disease duration or electromyographic activity in iRBD patients. These findings expand the spectrum of known gray matter modifications in iRBD patients and provide evidence of a correlation between brain dysfunction and clinical manifestations in such patients. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital(approval No. KY2013-336) on January 6, 2014. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry(ISRCTN18238599).展开更多
Previous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, less evidence is availabl...Previous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, less evidence is available for the treatment of BPSD with yokukansankachimpihange (YKSCH), which consists of yokukansan and two additional herbal ingredients. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of YKSCH for treating BPSD in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We enrolled outpatients with mild-to-moderate AD who exhibited BPSD and obtained a Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score of >3 including subscale scores for “agitation”, “anxiety”, “irritability”, and “sleep and night-time behavior change”. A daily YKSCH dose of 7.5 g was administered for 12 weeks with concomitant administration of anti-dementia medication. BPSD was evaluated using the NPI at baseline and every 4 weeks during the intervention. We also examined apathy using the Japanese translation of the Apathy Scale, the short version of the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, and the Modified Crichton Rating Scale for Predicting Activities of Daily Living. Cognitive dysfunction was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination and the AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive (Japanese version). Five participants were enrolled. The NPI total score tended to decrease between the baseline and 8-week evaluations during the YKSCH intervention (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.063). In terms of the NPI subscale scores, “apathy”, “agitation”, “delusions”, and “sleep and night-time behavior change” decreased after the intervention in those who exhibited each symptom at baseline. There were no significant differences in the other scores examined. No serious adverse events were observed. YKSCH could ameliorate BPSD in patients with mild-to-moderate AD with agitation, anxiety, irritability, and sleep and night-time behavior change, and it was well-tolerated.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder,and fe rroptosis plays a significant role in the pathological mechanism underlying Parkinson’s disease.Rapamycin,an autophagy inducer,has been shown to have neurop...Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder,and fe rroptosis plays a significant role in the pathological mechanism underlying Parkinson’s disease.Rapamycin,an autophagy inducer,has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease.However,the link between rapamycin and ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease is not entirely clear.In this study,rapamycin was administe red to a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model and a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Parkinson’s disease PC12 cell model.The results showed that rapamycin improved the behavioral symptoms of Parkinson’s disease model mice,reduced the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,and reduced the expression of ferroptosis-related indicators(glutathione peroxidase 4,recombinant solute carrier family 7,member 11,glutathione,malondialdehyde,and reactive oxygen species).In the Parkinson’s disease cell model,rapamycin improved cell viability and reduced ferro ptosis.The neuroprotective effect of rapamycin was attenuated by a ferroptosis inducer(methyl(1S,3R)-2-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahyyridoindole-3-carboxylate)and an autophagy inhibitor(3-methyladenine).Inhibiting ferro ptosis by activating autophagy may be an important mechanism by which rapamycin exerts its neuroprotective effects.Therefo re,the regulation of ferroptosis and autophagy may provide a therapeutic target for drug treatments in Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
We select 204 panel data samples from fixed observation spots in China's rural areas(Nagqu County,Duilongdeqing County and Xigaze City in Tibet),and conduct systematic analysis of factors influencing farmer and he...We select 204 panel data samples from fixed observation spots in China's rural areas(Nagqu County,Duilongdeqing County and Xigaze City in Tibet),and conduct systematic analysis of factors influencing farmer and herdsman's operating behavior in crop production,using regression estimation method of the linear model,mixed OLS model and the random effects model.The research shows that "the number of migrant workers","the amount of household labor forces","original value of fixed assets for production purpose at the end of year","whether having agricultural machinery or not" and other household endowment factors,have a positive impact on total planting area of households,and theoretically,the endowment effect of internal factors predicted is valid;the product of "average food price" and "whether selling or not" has conspicuous impact,and the empirical results confirm that in external factors,the substitution effect of price is greater than the income effect.展开更多
Pronunciation is the basic of learning a language and an important breakthrough point to promote the whole level of language.As a result,pronunciation attracted more and more attention in English teaching.However,it i...Pronunciation is the basic of learning a language and an important breakthrough point to promote the whole level of language.As a result,pronunciation attracted more and more attention in English teaching.However,it is still a weakness in English teaching because of the multifarious and complicated factors.A large numbers of research papers indicate that teacher is the leader and organizer of teaching activities,he or she dominants the whole process of pronunciation teaching.For example,they make decisions,design and reform the content of teaching in the classroom.What's more,teacher's beliefs can influence their teaching behaviors more than their professional knowledge,namely,teacher's phonetic teaching beliefs influence their phonetic teaching behaviors deeply.This study aims at finding out about teachers'beliefs of phonetic teaching and casting some light on the relationship between teachers' phonetic teaching beliefs and behaviors,and the causes for their inconsistency if any.展开更多
BACKGROUND: With the age growing, changes of behavioral problems in children whose parents had schizophrenia, differences of related factors and ways for particular intervention should be further studied. OBJECTIVE:...BACKGROUND: With the age growing, changes of behavioral problems in children whose parents had schizophrenia, differences of related factors and ways for particular intervention should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To survey the behavioral problems in children of different aged patients with chizophrenia and investigate the correlation between behavioral problems and related factors in different aged groups. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Shandong Mental Health Center. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 364 patients with schizophrenia were selected from eleven psychiatric hospitals from June 1999 to June 2000. There were 179 males and 185 females, and their ages ranged from 28 to 45 years. All patients met modified diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia (the second edition), China Classification of Mental Diseases and Diagnostic Criteria. Meanwhile, children of the 364 patients were grouped based on their ages, including 6 - 1 l years old group [n -217; 114 males and 103 females; mean age of (9±2) years] and 12 - 16 years old group [n = 147; 99 males and 48 females; mean age of (14±1) years]. The Chinese norms of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List were regarded as the normal control group. METHODS: Children who received self-made mental health related factors inventory and Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List were involved in this study. All children and their parents provided the confirmed consent. Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List was used for parents to mainly evaluate children, and the results manifested various behavioral problems based on different sexes and different ages. Self-made mental health related factors inventory contained questionnaires for parents and children, respectively. In this study, home situation of parents as well as personality characteristics and educational styles of children were mainly evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Scores of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List in different aged children; ② Scores of self-made mental health related factors inventory based on different home situations and educational styles. RESULTS: Children of 364 patients were involved in the final analysis. ① There were no significant differences in total score of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List and sex in the two groups (P 〉 0.05). There were significant differences in schizoid, body recount, aggression, depression, hyperactivity, violating discipline, compulsion and total abnormal rate of boys between the 6 - 11 years old group and the normal control group (P 〈 0.05 - 0.01). In addition, there were also significant differences in poor communication, depression, hyperactivity, violating discipline, compulsion and total abnormal rate of girls between the 6 - 11 years old group and the normal control group (P 〈 0.05 - 0.01). ② As compared with normal control group,scores of home environment in the two aged groups demonstrated that educational level was low; interpersonal relationship was poor; relation to children was not closed; relationship between husband and wife was not harmonious; positive rate of family history was high; economic status was poor; family atmosphere was poor. Therefore, there was significant difference (P 〈 0.01). Educational level in parental generation and single parent family in the 6 - 11 years old group were higher than that in the 12 - 16 years old group, with significant difference (P 〈 0.05). As compared with the normal control group, results of education demonstrated that children in the two aged groups had poor communication with other children; they had poor behaviors in schools; most of them were boarded and had poor relationship with their parents; teaching styles for children were different. CONCLUSION: All children of different aged patients with schizophrenia had poor home environment and education; and they were often affected by other factors. Behavioral problems were changed with the age growing; in addition, these changes were related to home environment, education and society. Therefore, comprehensive intervention may be an ideal method.展开更多
Least-square support vector machines(LS-SVM) are applied for learning the chaotic behavior of Chua's circuit.The system is divided into three multiple-input single-output(MISO) structures and the LS-SVM are train...Least-square support vector machines(LS-SVM) are applied for learning the chaotic behavior of Chua's circuit.The system is divided into three multiple-input single-output(MISO) structures and the LS-SVM are trained individually.Comparing with classical approaches,the proposed one reduces the structural complexity and the selection of parameters is avoided.Some parameters of the attractor are used to compare the chaotic behavior of the reconstructed and the original systems for model validation.Results show that the LS-SVM combined with the MISO can be trained to identify the underlying link among Chua's circuit state variables,and exhibit the chaotic attractors under the autonomous working mode.展开更多
Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this pa...Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this paper studies and analyzes the development of local cooperative organizations of farmers and herdsmen,understands the actual benefits of cooperative organizations to farmers and herdsmen,aims to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen,and thus puts forward the main problems and measures on agricultural cooperatives in Nagqu area,in order to offer some suggestions for farmers and herdsmen to get rid of poverty through the conclusion of the study.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 31872240)。
文摘Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of birds.Understanding these effects is crucial for bird conservation.Reeves’ s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) is a threatened species endemic to China,which is characterized by female-only incubation.However,there is a lack of information regarding the impact of weather conditions on clutch size and incubation behavior in this species.Using satellite tracking,we tracked 27 wild female Reeves’ s Pheasants from 2020 to 2023 in Hubei Province,China.We explored their clutch size and incubation behavior,as well as their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation.Clutch size averaged 7.75 ±1.36,had an association with average ambient temperature and average daily precipitation during the egglaying period,and was potentially linked to female breeding attempts.Throughout the incubation period,females took an average of 0.73 ±0.46 recesses every 24 h,with an average recess duration of 100.80 ±73.37 min and an average nest attendance of 92.98 ±5.27%.They showed a unimodal recess pattern in which nest departures peaked primarily between 13:00 and 16:00.Furthermore,females rarely left nests when daily precipitation was high.Recess duration and nest attendance were influenced by the interaction between daily mean ambient temperature and daily precipitation,as well as day of incubation.Additionally,there was a positive correlation between clutch size and recess duration.These results contribute valuable insights into the lifehistory features of this endangered species.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671100 and 12171104)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(11922107)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2018GXNSFAA138210 and 2019JJG110010)。
文摘The pointwise space-time behaviors of the Green’s function and the global solution to the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck(VPFP)system in three dimensional space are studied in this paper.It is shown that the Green’s function consists of the diffusion waves decaying exponentially in time but algebraically in space,and the singular kinetic waves which become smooth for all(t,x,v)when t>0.Furthermore,we establish the pointwise space-time behaviors of the global solution to the nonlinear VPFP system when the initial data is not necessarily smooth in terms of the Green’s function.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605176)National Hi-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2015AA042501)+3 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2018CFB502)Guangdong Provincial Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2017B090911007)State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Grant No.P2019-006)Engineering Research Center of Rock-Soil Drilling&Excavation and Protection,Ministry of Education(Grant No.201804)
文摘The selective laser melting(SLM) method has a great potential for fabricating injection mold with complex structure. However, the microstructure and performance of the SLM molds show significantly di erent from those manufac?tured by traditional technologies. In this study, the microstructure, hardness and especially corrosion behavior of the samples fabricated by SLM and casting were investigated. The XRD results exhibit that the γ?Fe phase is only obtained in the SLM parts, and the α?Fe peak slightly moves to low di raction angle compared with casting counterparts. Due to the rapid cooling rate, the SLM samples have fine cellular microstructures while the casting ones have coarse grains with obvious elements segregation. Besides, the SLM samples show anisotropy, hardness of side view and top view are 48.73 and 50.31 HRC respectively, which are 20% higher than that of casting ones. Corrosion results show that the SLM samples have the better anti?corrosion resistance(in a 6% FeCl3 solution for 48 h) but the deeper corrosion pits than casting ones. Finally, the performance of the SLM molds could meet the requirement of injecting production. Moreover, the molds especially present a significant decrease(20%) of cooling time and increases of cooling uniform?ity due to the customized conformal cooling channels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81202740 and 81603686the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China,No.17JCYBJC26200 and 12JCQNJC07400+1 种基金the Public Health Bureau Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin of China,No.2014KY15the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,No.20121210120002
文摘Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can promote the proliferation, migration and differentiation of exogenous neural stem cells in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice and can improve learning and memory impairment and behavioral function in dementia-model mice. Thus, we sought to determine whether Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can elevate the effect of neural stem cell transplantation in Alzheimer’s disease model mice. Sanjiao acupuncture was used to stimulate Danzhong (CV17), Zhongwan (CV12),Qihai (CV6), bilateral Xuehai (SP10) and bilateral Zusanli (ST36) 15 days before and after implantation of neural stem cells (5 × 10^5) into the hippocampal dentate gyrus of SAMP8 mice. Simultaneously, 0.2 mL HuangDiSan, containing Rehmannia Root and Chinese Angelica,was intragastrically administered. Our results demonstrated that compared with mice undergoing neural stem cell transplantation alone,learning ability was significantly improved and synaptophysin mRNA and protein levels were greatly increased in the hippocampus of mice undergoing both Sanjiao acupuncture and intragastric administration of HuangDiSan. We conclude that the combination of Sanjiao acupuncture and HuangDiSan can effectively improve dementia symptoms in mice, and the mechanism of this action might be related to the regulation of synaptophysin expression.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0301101,2016YFB0301001)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2172013).
文摘The effects of alloying elements of Ca/Sn on corrosion behaviors of the as-cast Mg-4Zn-0.2Mn alloy were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical methods.The results indicated that the average corrosion rate value of the Mg-4Zn-0.2Mn-Ca alloy was∼0.31 mm/year in Hank’s physiological solution for 40 days,and corrosion resistance increased for the specimens containing Ca element rather than that containing Sn because of the higher breakdown potential value,lower current density and deactivated corrosion rate,which was ascribed to a formation of the uniformly distributed Mg-Zn-Ca ternary phase.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.59801013 and No.59771056
文摘The doping of phosphorus, sulfur and boron in IN718 superalloy can remarkably influence the creep behavior. The modifications of the minor elements seem not to vary the stress exponent and the influences primarily concentrate on the effective diffusion coefficient. A pronounced beneficial interaction between P and B and a weaker detrimental interaction between P and S have been obtained. The preexponential frequency constant is proved to be strongly related with the creep activation energy because of the so-called compensation effect. The compensation temperature has been determined to be about 1080 K, which corresponds to the transformation temperature from rapidly coarsened γ'' phase to δ phase. It has been proposed that trace elements can influence the effective diffusion coefficient individually or cooperatively, which in turn either retard or speed the creep process.
基金supported by the China-US Biomedical Collaborative Research Program,No.81361120393(to CTZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81401135(to PW),81671239(to CTZ)the Shanghai Sailing Program,No.18YF1403100(to JJG)
文摘Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(iRBD) is often a precursor to neurodegenerative disease. However, voxel-based morphological studies evaluating structural abnormalities in the brains of iRBD patients are relatively rare. This study aimed to explore cerebral structural alterations using magnetic resonance imaging and to determine their association with clinical parameters in iRBD patients. Brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired from 19 polysomnogram-confirmed iRBD patients(male:female 16:3; mean age 66.6 ± 7.0 years) and 20 age-matched healthy controls(male:female 5:15; mean age 63.7 ± 5.9 years). Gray matter volume(GMV) data were analyzed based on Statistical Parametric Mapping 8, using a voxel-based morphometry method and two-sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. Compared with controls, iRBD patients had increased GMV in the middle temporal gyrus and cerebellar posterior lobe, but decreased GMV in the Rolandic operculum, postcentral gyrus, insular lobe, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, rectus gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. iRBD duration was positively correlated with GMV in the precuneus, cuneus, superior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum posterior lobe. Furthermore, phasic chin electromyographic activity was positively correlated with GMV in the hippocampus, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, angular gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, paracentral lobule, and cerebellar posterior lobe. There were no significant negative correlations of brain GMV with disease duration or electromyographic activity in iRBD patients. These findings expand the spectrum of known gray matter modifications in iRBD patients and provide evidence of a correlation between brain dysfunction and clinical manifestations in such patients. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital(approval No. KY2013-336) on January 6, 2014. This trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry(ISRCTN18238599).
文摘Previous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, less evidence is available for the treatment of BPSD with yokukansankachimpihange (YKSCH), which consists of yokukansan and two additional herbal ingredients. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of YKSCH for treating BPSD in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We enrolled outpatients with mild-to-moderate AD who exhibited BPSD and obtained a Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score of >3 including subscale scores for “agitation”, “anxiety”, “irritability”, and “sleep and night-time behavior change”. A daily YKSCH dose of 7.5 g was administered for 12 weeks with concomitant administration of anti-dementia medication. BPSD was evaluated using the NPI at baseline and every 4 weeks during the intervention. We also examined apathy using the Japanese translation of the Apathy Scale, the short version of the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, and the Modified Crichton Rating Scale for Predicting Activities of Daily Living. Cognitive dysfunction was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination and the AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive (Japanese version). Five participants were enrolled. The NPI total score tended to decrease between the baseline and 8-week evaluations during the YKSCH intervention (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.063). In terms of the NPI subscale scores, “apathy”, “agitation”, “delusions”, and “sleep and night-time behavior change” decreased after the intervention in those who exhibited each symptom at baseline. There were no significant differences in the other scores examined. No serious adverse events were observed. YKSCH could ameliorate BPSD in patients with mild-to-moderate AD with agitation, anxiety, irritability, and sleep and night-time behavior change, and it was well-tolerated.
文摘Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder,and fe rroptosis plays a significant role in the pathological mechanism underlying Parkinson’s disease.Rapamycin,an autophagy inducer,has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease.However,the link between rapamycin and ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease is not entirely clear.In this study,rapamycin was administe red to a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model and a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Parkinson’s disease PC12 cell model.The results showed that rapamycin improved the behavioral symptoms of Parkinson’s disease model mice,reduced the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,and reduced the expression of ferroptosis-related indicators(glutathione peroxidase 4,recombinant solute carrier family 7,member 11,glutathione,malondialdehyde,and reactive oxygen species).In the Parkinson’s disease cell model,rapamycin improved cell viability and reduced ferro ptosis.The neuroprotective effect of rapamycin was attenuated by a ferroptosis inducer(methyl(1S,3R)-2-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahyyridoindole-3-carboxylate)and an autophagy inhibitor(3-methyladenine).Inhibiting ferro ptosis by activating autophagy may be an important mechanism by which rapamycin exerts its neuroprotective effects.Therefo re,the regulation of ferroptosis and autophagy may provide a therapeutic target for drug treatments in Parkinson’s disease.
文摘We select 204 panel data samples from fixed observation spots in China's rural areas(Nagqu County,Duilongdeqing County and Xigaze City in Tibet),and conduct systematic analysis of factors influencing farmer and herdsman's operating behavior in crop production,using regression estimation method of the linear model,mixed OLS model and the random effects model.The research shows that "the number of migrant workers","the amount of household labor forces","original value of fixed assets for production purpose at the end of year","whether having agricultural machinery or not" and other household endowment factors,have a positive impact on total planting area of households,and theoretically,the endowment effect of internal factors predicted is valid;the product of "average food price" and "whether selling or not" has conspicuous impact,and the empirical results confirm that in external factors,the substitution effect of price is greater than the income effect.
文摘Pronunciation is the basic of learning a language and an important breakthrough point to promote the whole level of language.As a result,pronunciation attracted more and more attention in English teaching.However,it is still a weakness in English teaching because of the multifarious and complicated factors.A large numbers of research papers indicate that teacher is the leader and organizer of teaching activities,he or she dominants the whole process of pronunciation teaching.For example,they make decisions,design and reform the content of teaching in the classroom.What's more,teacher's beliefs can influence their teaching behaviors more than their professional knowledge,namely,teacher's phonetic teaching beliefs influence their phonetic teaching behaviors deeply.This study aims at finding out about teachers'beliefs of phonetic teaching and casting some light on the relationship between teachers' phonetic teaching beliefs and behaviors,and the causes for their inconsistency if any.
基金the Scientific and Technological Foundation of Shandong Public Health Bureau, No.1999A56
文摘BACKGROUND: With the age growing, changes of behavioral problems in children whose parents had schizophrenia, differences of related factors and ways for particular intervention should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To survey the behavioral problems in children of different aged patients with chizophrenia and investigate the correlation between behavioral problems and related factors in different aged groups. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Shandong Mental Health Center. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 364 patients with schizophrenia were selected from eleven psychiatric hospitals from June 1999 to June 2000. There were 179 males and 185 females, and their ages ranged from 28 to 45 years. All patients met modified diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia (the second edition), China Classification of Mental Diseases and Diagnostic Criteria. Meanwhile, children of the 364 patients were grouped based on their ages, including 6 - 1 l years old group [n -217; 114 males and 103 females; mean age of (9±2) years] and 12 - 16 years old group [n = 147; 99 males and 48 females; mean age of (14±1) years]. The Chinese norms of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List were regarded as the normal control group. METHODS: Children who received self-made mental health related factors inventory and Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List were involved in this study. All children and their parents provided the confirmed consent. Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List was used for parents to mainly evaluate children, and the results manifested various behavioral problems based on different sexes and different ages. Self-made mental health related factors inventory contained questionnaires for parents and children, respectively. In this study, home situation of parents as well as personality characteristics and educational styles of children were mainly evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Scores of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List in different aged children; ② Scores of self-made mental health related factors inventory based on different home situations and educational styles. RESULTS: Children of 364 patients were involved in the final analysis. ① There were no significant differences in total score of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List and sex in the two groups (P 〉 0.05). There were significant differences in schizoid, body recount, aggression, depression, hyperactivity, violating discipline, compulsion and total abnormal rate of boys between the 6 - 11 years old group and the normal control group (P 〈 0.05 - 0.01). In addition, there were also significant differences in poor communication, depression, hyperactivity, violating discipline, compulsion and total abnormal rate of girls between the 6 - 11 years old group and the normal control group (P 〈 0.05 - 0.01). ② As compared with normal control group,scores of home environment in the two aged groups demonstrated that educational level was low; interpersonal relationship was poor; relation to children was not closed; relationship between husband and wife was not harmonious; positive rate of family history was high; economic status was poor; family atmosphere was poor. Therefore, there was significant difference (P 〈 0.01). Educational level in parental generation and single parent family in the 6 - 11 years old group were higher than that in the 12 - 16 years old group, with significant difference (P 〈 0.05). As compared with the normal control group, results of education demonstrated that children in the two aged groups had poor communication with other children; they had poor behaviors in schools; most of them were boarded and had poor relationship with their parents; teaching styles for children were different. CONCLUSION: All children of different aged patients with schizophrenia had poor home environment and education; and they were often affected by other factors. Behavioral problems were changed with the age growing; in addition, these changes were related to home environment, education and society. Therefore, comprehensive intervention may be an ideal method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61072103)the Jiangxi Province Training Program for Younger Scientists
文摘Least-square support vector machines(LS-SVM) are applied for learning the chaotic behavior of Chua's circuit.The system is divided into three multiple-input single-output(MISO) structures and the LS-SVM are trained individually.Comparing with classical approaches,the proposed one reduces the structural complexity and the selection of parameters is avoided.Some parameters of the attractor are used to compare the chaotic behavior of the reconstructed and the original systems for model validation.Results show that the LS-SVM combined with the MISO can be trained to identify the underlying link among Chua's circuit state variables,and exhibit the chaotic attractors under the autonomous working mode.
文摘Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this paper studies and analyzes the development of local cooperative organizations of farmers and herdsmen,understands the actual benefits of cooperative organizations to farmers and herdsmen,aims to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen,and thus puts forward the main problems and measures on agricultural cooperatives in Nagqu area,in order to offer some suggestions for farmers and herdsmen to get rid of poverty through the conclusion of the study.