Alternative to mesh repair for ventral hernias: Modified rectus muscle repair

BACKGROUND Mesh utilization for ventral hernia repair is associated with potential complications such as mesh infections,adhesions,seromas,fistula formation and significant postoperative pain.The modified rectus muscle repair(RMR)is as an option to repair midline ventral hernias without mesh.AIM To evaluate the short term outcomes when the modified RMR was used to repair ventral hernias.METHODS This was a 5-year prospective study that examined the outcome of all consecutive patients with ventral abdominal wall hernias>5 cm in maximal diameter who underwent repair using the modified RMR technique in a single surgeon unit.Patients were reviewed in an outpatient clinic at 3,6 and 12 mo and evaluated for hernia recurrence on clinical examination.Each patient’s abdominal wall was also assessed with using ultrasonography at 24 mo to detect recurrences.All data were examined with SPSS ver 18.0.RESULTS Over the 5-year study period,there were 52 patients treated for ventral hernias at this institution.Four patients were excluded and there were 48 in the final study sample,at a mean age of 56 years(range 28-80).The mean maximal diameter of the hernia defect was 7 cm(range 5-12 cm).There were 5(10.4%)seromas and 1 recurrence(2.1%)at a mean of 36 mo follow-up.CONCLUSION The authors recommend the modified RMR as an acceptable alternative to mesh repair of ventral hernias.The seroma rate can be further reduced with routine use of drains.The modified RMR also has the benefit of eliminating all mesh-specific complications.

Robotic versus open transversus abdominis release and incisional hernia repair: A case-control study

Objective:Transversus abdominus release(TAR)is often required to achieve apposition of the rectus muscles and achieve wide mesh reinforcement of the abdominal wall.Traditionally,TAR has been done with an open technique(oTAR),and the benefits of the newer robotic approach(rTAR)has not been well established in the Australian setting.The aim of this study was to compare the results of oTAR with rTAR to demonstrate its safety and efficacy.Methods:A retrospective review of patients who underwent rTAR and oTAR at two tertiary hospitals was conducted between January 2018 and January 2020 in New South Wales,Australia.Patient demographics,perioperative and postoperative outcomes were compared in both groups.Results:There were 26 patients identified to have undergone TAR(13 rTAR,13 oTAR).Both groups were comparable in regards to age,sex and defect size.oTAR was associated with a higher American Society of Anaesthesiologist score.rTAR was associated with significantly longer average operative time(260.0±78.9 min vs.185.7±64.5 min,p=0.017)but found to have a significantly shorter length of stay(3.6±2.1 d vs.6.9±3.6 d,p=0.007)with a comparable complication rate.Conclusions:rTAR is associated with shorter length of hospital stay with comparable postoperative outcomes when compared to oTAR.We are seeing increasing evidence supporting the safety and benefits of robotics,however larger scale studies are required to fully understand this approach.

Long term recurrence,pain and patient satisfaction after ventral hernia mesh repair

AIM: To compare long term outcomes of laparoscopic and open ventral hernia mesh repair with respect to recurrence, pain and satisfaction.METHODS: We conducted a single-centre follow-up study of 194 consecutive patients after laparoscopic and open ventral hernia mesh repair between March 2000 and June 2010. Of these, 27 patients(13.9%) died and 12(6.2%) failed to attend their follow-up appointment. One hundred and fifty-three(78.9%) patients attended for follow-up and two patients(1.0%) were interviewed by telephone. Of those who attended the follow-up appointment, 82(52.9%) patients had received laparoscopic ventral hernia mesh repair(LVHR) while 73(47.1%) patients had undergone open ventral hernia mesh repair(OVHR), including 11 conversions. The follow-up study included analyses of medical records, clinical interviews, examination of hernia recurrence and assessment of pain using a 100 mm visual analogue scale(VAS) ruler anchored by word descriptors. Overall patient satisfaction was also determined. Patients with signs of recurrence were examined by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan.RESULTS: Median time from hernia mesh repair to follow-up was 48 and 52 mo after LVHR and OVHR respectively. Overall recurrence rates were 17.1% after LVHR and 23.3% after OVHR. Recurrence after LVHR was associated with higher body mass index. Smoking was associated with recurrence after OVHR. Chronic pain(VAS > 30 mm) was reported by 23.5% in the laparoscopic cohort and by 27.8% in the open surgery cohort. Recurrence and late complications were predictors of chronic pain after LVHR. Smoking was associated with chronic pain after OVHR. Sixty point five percent were satisfied with the outcome after LVHR and 49.3% after OVHR. Predictors for satisfaction were absence of chronic pain and recurrence. Old age and short time to follow-up also predicted satisfaction after LVHR.CONCLUSION: LVHR and OVHR give similar long term results for recurrence, pain and overall satisfaction. Chronic pain is frequent and is therefore important for explaining dissatisfaction.

Outcomes and complications of open, laparoscopic, and hybrid giant ventral hernia repair

BACKGROUND An incisional hernia is a common complication of abdominal surgery.AIM To evaluate the outcomes and complications of hybrid application of open and laparoscopic approaches in giant ventral hernia repair.METHODS Medical records of patients who underwent open,laparoscopic,or hybrid surgery for a giant ventral hernia from 2006 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.The hernia recurrence rate and intra-and postoperative complications were calculated and recorded.RESULTS Open,laparoscopic,and hybrid approaches were performed in 82,94,and 132 patients,respectively.The mean hernia diameter was 13.11±3.4 cm.The incidence of hernia recurrence in the hybrid procedure group was 1.3%,with a mean follow-up of 41 mo.This finding was significantly lower than that in the laparoscopic(12.3%)or open procedure groups(8.5%;P<0.05).The incidence of intraoperative intestinal injury was 6.1%,4.1%,and 1.5%in the open,laparoscopic,and hybrid procedures,respectively(hybrid vs open and laparoscopic procedures;P<0.05).The proportion of postoperative intestinal fistula formation in the open,laparoscopic,and hybrid approach groups was 2.4%,6.8%,and 3.3%,respectively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION A hybrid application of open and laparoscopic approaches was more effective and safer for repairing a giant ventral hernia than a single open or laparoscopic procedure.

Evolution and advances in laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair

Primary ventral hernias and ventral incisional hernias have been a challenge for surgeons throughout the ages. In the current era, incisional hernias have increased in prevalence due to the very high number of laparotomies performed in the 20 th century. Even though minimally invasive surgery and hernia repair have evolved rapidly, general surgeons have yet to develop the ideal, standardized method that adequately decreases common postoperative complications, such as wound failure, hernia recurrence and pain. The evolution of laparoscopy and ventral hernia repair will be reviewed, from the rectoscopy of the 4th century to the advent of laparoscopy, from suture repair to the evolution of mesh reinforcement. The nuances of minimally invasive ventral and incisional hernia repair will be summarized, from preoperative considerations to variations in intraoperative practice. New techniques have become increasingly popular, such as primary defect closure, retrorectus mesh placement, and concomitant component separation. The advent of robotics has made some of these repairs more feasible, but only time and well-designed clinical studies will tell if this will be a durable modality for ventral and incisional hernia repair.

Giant ventral hernia simultaneously containing the spleen, a portion of the pancreas and the left hepatic lobe: A case report

BACKGROUND Ventral hernia,also known as incisional hernia,is a common complication of previous surgery.The contents of ventral hernia may include omentum,preperitoneal fat,small intestine or colon.However,ventral hernia with protrusion of more than two parenchymal organs simultaneously is extremely rare,and its repair is very complex and difficult.Surgeons should make a comprehensive assessment based on their own experience and the individual characteristics of the hernia.In addition,psychological therapy should be emphasized in the whole treatment process.CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of asymptomatic giant ventral hernia for 15 years in a 21-year-old female.The patient underwent umbilical hernia repair at the age of 1 year.Approximately 5 years later,ventral hernia recurred and repair with Mesh was performed,but the operation failed due to postoperative infection,and a huge mass appeared in the left abdominal wall.The mass increased gradually with the development and maturity of the body.Computerized tomography scan demonstrated that the patient's total spleen,part of the pancreas and left lobe of the liver were simultaneously herniated through the abdominal incisional hernia.As the patient was unable to endure the inconvenience of life and the potential risk of spleen or liver rupture,she underwent a ventral hernia repair with Mesh at our hospital.The operation was successful and the patient had a good recovery.During a 3-mo follow-up,the patient remained asymptomatic and the appearance of the surgical incision was greatly improved.CONCLUSION Ventral hernia is a common complication of abdominal surgery.Ventral hernia with protrusion of more than two parenchymal organs simultaneously is extremely rare.Surgeons should pay attention to the psychological treatment while restoring the abdominal physiological function in ventral hernia patients.

Ventral hernia after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids treatment:A case report

BACKGROUND High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is a minimally invasive approach in gynecology that is used to manage uterine fibroids.Although this procedure is safe and effective,adverse outcomes are becoming a major problem.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of ventral hernia that occurred as a rare and delayed complication of HIFU ablation for uterine fibroids treatment.The patient came to the hospital with abdominal bloating that occurred 6 mo after ultrasound-guided HIFU ablation for managing uterine fibroids.The ventral hernia,which occurred due to atrophied muscle layers following the procedure,was confirmed by imaging studies and intraoperative findings.She required a hernia repair with mesh and hysterectomy for definitive treatment of uterine fibroid.CONCLUSION High-intensity ultrasound ablation should be performed only on appropriate candidates.Patients should be educated about potential complications of the procedure and the possibility of subsequent treatment.Post-procedural long-term follow-up for detecting delayed adverse effects is important.

Laparoscopic management of ventral hernia repair using intraperitoneal synthetic mesh: A 10-year retrospective observational study

Objective:Ventral hernia is an anterior abdominal wall hernia,with an incidence of 2%-13%.Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is the preferred method worldwide with all the advantages of the laparoscopic technique proven to be an effective treatment option.This study aims to assess the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic management of ventral hernia repair using intraperitoneal onlay mesh(IPOM)or intraperitoneal onlay mesh with defect closure(IPOM PLUS)technique with the usage of variety of synthetic meshes intraperitoneally.Methods:A retrospective study of 821 patients of a single institution for a decade was conducted.Longterm outcomes such as pain,mesh infections,enterocutaneous fistula,bowel adhesions and recurrence were assessed.Results:There were 801 primary,12 incisional,and 8 recurrent hernia cases,including 532 females and 289 males with a mean age of 45.62±9.37 years.IPOM PLUS were underwent in 674(82.10%)cases.Polypropylene,dual,titanium,composite meshes were applied in 473(57.61%),208(25.33%),82(9.99%),and 58(7.06%)cases respectively.Intraoperative bleeding occurred in 3(0.37%)cases,seroma in 8(0.97%),wound infection in 4(0.49%),stitch abscess in 2(0.24%).Recurrence was found in 8(0.97%)cases,with 5 used polypropylene mesh and 3 used dual mesh.Mesh infections were discovered in 6(2.88%)cases used dual,and foreign body sensation in 4(0.85%)cases used polypropylene.Three(0.37%)patients had suture site hernia,and 3(0.37%)had chronic sinus.Conclusion:IPOM or IPOM PLUS holds good in small or medium sized ventral hernias.The safety and efficacy of intraperitoneal polypropylene mesh is comparable to that of other synthetic meshes.A mesh overlap of minimum 5 cm beyond defect edge is must to minimise hernia recurrence.Absorbable suture can be considered as alternative to tackers.

Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair of Spigelian Hernia: Case Report

Spigelian Hernia (SH) is an uncommon anterior abdominal wall defect, it represents 0.1% - 2% of all abdominal wall hernias. SHs have been traditionally repaired by open technique, but laparoscopic approaches are becoming more common and widely described in the literature. Here we present a case report of a 69-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal distention and absence of bowel movements for 2 days. A computed tomography performed in an external facility revealed a right-sided and incarcerated SH containing bowel and mesentery. The patient was treated surgically and the abdominal wall defect was repaired by a laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach. The patient was discharged 24 hours after surgery in excellent conditions. We hold that the TAPP approach is anatomically the soundest repair, with all the added benefits of minimally invasive surgery.

Abdominal wall hernia in a rural population in India—Is spectrum changing?

Hernia is a common word that most surgeons are familiar with. A retrospective study was planned to analyse the spectrum of abdominal wall hernias in a rural population inIndia. Majority of the patients were of 40 - 70 yrs. Male to female ratio was 7:1. Incidence of groin hernias showed an increasing trend with advancing age. Out of total 320 cases, inguinal hernias were predominating in 77.81% cases. Ventral hernias were present in about 18% cases. However, femoral hernias were rare. We concluded that spectrum of abdominal wall hernias is almost the same all over the globe despite having differences in their socioeconomic and educational status.

Role of botulinum toxin a in the management of complex incisional hernias

Despite the technological breakthroughs and discover of abdominal meshes, ventral hernia has always been challenging in therapeutic strategies by the surgeons, with high recurrence rates. The use of botulinum toxin A (BTA) for the management of ventral and incisional hernia (IH) poses an increasingly interesting practice, especially for the intimidating complex one. The preoperative administration of the toxin to the lateral abdominal muscles by use of Ultra-Sound guidance causes muscle paralysis and a reduction of intraabdominal pressure. Thus, the hernia defect can be primarily closed without tension, if the length of the defect is up to 10 cm. In larger hernia, this method can be combined with component separation techniques or the use of a mesh. The mesh placement seems to be better by laparoscopy. The site of injection and the dosage of BTA are still under discussion amongst authors. The optimal administration is proposed by some authors to be at least 2 weeks before repair. There is also an analgesic effect of BTA to the patients that underwent hernia reconstruction. Ultimately, the role of BTA in the reconstruction of ventral hernia seems to be promising, but there is a necessity for several randomized clinical trials.

腹腔镜腹壁切口疝修复术中腹壁功能重建

腹壁切口疝的治疗已从单纯的修补(repair)、加强(reinforcement)向重建(reconstruction)、重塑(restora⁃tion)和再生(regeneration)进展。腹壁切口疝有肌前、肌后、腹膜前、腹腔内等修补层次,均可通过开放或腹腔镜手术来完成。腹腔镜手术主要包括腹腔内补片修补术(IPOM)和微创非腹腔内补片修补术(MINIM)。无论哪种技术,既要遵循腹壁功能重建的原则,又要结合自身的微创特性,才能充分体现其临床价值。腹腔镜腹壁切口疝术中腹壁功能重建的核心可归纳为恢复腹壁解剖结构(Anatomy),保护腹壁生物力学(Biomechanics),维持腹壁顺应性(Compliance),提供机体整体动态活力(Dynamics)。

腹腔镜下腹壁肌后修补术治疗腹壁疝疗效分析

目的:探讨应用腹腔镜下腹壁肌后修补术(ESR)治疗腹壁疝的临床疗效。总结手术操作步骤及相关技术要点,分析其临床应用效果和价值。方法:选取2017年11月—2019年10月淄博市中心医院、淄博市市立医院收治的26例应用ESR手术治疗的腹壁疝患者,手术操作均按照手术规范执行。结果:26例患者在腹腔镜下腹壁肌后放置补片加强修补,手术过程顺利,无1例中转开放。手术时间为(125.6±33.24)min。术后第2 d开始进食。术后72 h视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)为(2.26±0.92)分。住院时间为(5.92±1.87)d。术后18例放置闭式负压引流管,时间为(6.22±3.67)d。术后早期疼痛不适3例,早期出现腹胀不适2例,浅表手术部位切口感染1例,术区出现血清肿3例,均经非手术治疗后好转。术后随访患者时间为(4.42±2.08)个月,无疝复发、出血、补片感染、肠瘘、慢性疼痛(VAS>3分,时间>3个月)等严重并发症。结论:ESR手术在治疗腹壁疝方面安全有效,患者术后恢复快,具有较高的临床应用价值。

术前预注右美托咪定在小儿腹股沟斜疝手术中的应用效果

【目的】探讨右美托咪定术前用药对行腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术患儿的可行性与安全性。【方法】选择2020年7月至2021年8月在本院行腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术治疗的90例腹股沟斜疝患儿,根据随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。两组均采用静吸复合全身麻醉,观察组为右美托咪定术前用药组,对照组于麻醉诱导前静脉泵入生理盐水。观察两组患儿术前焦虑、术中血流动力学变化、术后疼痛及术后不良反应的发生率。【结果】观察组患儿入手术室时后5 min(T_(1))、置入喉罩后5 min(T_(2))、手术开始后5 min(T_(3))、拔出喉罩后5 min(T_(4))、入麻醉恢复室后5 min(T_(5))时的SBP、DBP均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)、出恢复室时的HR均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者入手术室、麻醉诱导时、术后24 h时的耶鲁术前焦虑量表(m-YPAS)评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后1 d、术后2 d时的疼痛评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组Ramsay评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】术前预注右美托咪定应用于行腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术中,可缓解患儿围术期焦虑情绪,减轻术后疼痛,降低了术后躁动的发生率,且未见明显的不良反应。

内镜下全内脏囊分离技术与腹腔镜下腹腔内补片修补术在腹壁疝中的比较

目的:比较分析内镜下全内脏囊分离技术(TVS)与腹腔镜腹腔内补片修补术(IPOM)在腹壁疝中的应用特点,总结TVS技术的安全性、经济性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2019年10月至2021年10月在浙江大学医学院附属金华医院疝与腹壁外科行腹壁疝修补术的56例患者资料,其中27例接受TVS技术修补(TVS组),29例接受IPOM术(IPOM组)。比较2组患者的特点、手术时间等围手术期资料,采用电话或门诊方式进行随访。结果:2组患者的年龄、性别、BMI及缺损面积等基线资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TVS组的手术时间[(216.93±52.80)min]较IPOM组[(187.17±40.73)min]延长(P=0.021)。TVS组术后第1天平均视觉模拟评分(VAS)较IPOM组小(P=0.003),住院费用也较IPOM组明显降低(P<0.001),术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(P=0.067)。其中TVS组中有2例因腹膜前建腔失败和前缺损关闭困难而中转,IPOM组有1例术后手术区域感染,经穿刺引流后治愈。随访时间截至2022年3月,术后随访时间平均14个月,随访率94.6%。随访期间,TVS组有1例复发,余未见复发和死亡病例。结论:TVS技术在腹壁疝修补术中是安全可行的。虽手术时间长,但减少了术后疼痛,节省了医疗成本,是治疗腹壁疝的一种很好的技术补充。

右美托咪定滴鼻联合艾司氯胺酮麻醉对腹腔镜疝手术患儿的镇痛效果

目的 探讨右美托咪定滴鼻联合艾司氯胺酮麻醉对腹腔镜疝手术患儿的镇痛效果。方法 选取2019年4月至2021年4月在焦作市妇幼保健院行腹腔镜疝手术治疗的80例腹股沟疝患儿,采用随机数字表法分为两组,各40例。对照组接受艾司氯胺酮滴鼻,观察组在对照组的基础上接受右美托咪定,而后两组均进行实施全身麻醉。比较两组麻醉苏醒后15 min、6 h、12 h的疼痛程度[采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估];比较两组拔管、苏醒及麻醉复苏室停留时间;于麻醉苏醒后15 min时比较两组患儿躁动发生情况[采用苏醒期躁动评分表(PAED)评估]。结果 麻醉苏醒后15 min、6 h、12 h,两组VAS评分均有所升高,但与对照组比较,观察组各时点VAS评分均低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组拔管时间、苏醒时间及麻醉复苏室停留时间均较短(P<0.05);麻醉苏醒后15 min时,观察组患儿躁动发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 右美托咪定滴鼻、艾司氯胺酮麻醉二者联用可提高腹腔镜疝手术患儿镇痛效果,缩短拔管、苏醒及麻醉复苏室停留时间,减少患儿苏醒期躁动发生。

腹腔镜下小儿腹股沟斜疝内环口的分型及手术策略

目的探讨小儿腹股沟斜疝腹腔镜下内环口的分型及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析我院2005年7月～2006年12月经微型腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗的374例腹股沟斜疝患儿的临床资料。结果本组374例,486侧,按腹股沟斜疝内环口分型:巨大型60例:普通型320例:隐蔽型106例。根据不同分型采取腹腔镜下疝囊高位结扎术和紧缩内环口疝囊高位结扎术。均治愈,经6～14个月随访,其中隐蔽型复发1例(0.25%),对侧漏诊1例。结论根据腹股沟斜疝内环口的形态特点,选择不同的手术方法,可以减少小儿腹股沟斜疝术后复发,提高治愈率。

MSCT诊断易嵌顿并发肠梗阻腹外疝的临床应用价值

目的探讨易嵌顿并发肠梗阻腹外疝的多层螺旋CT表现及临床应用价值。方法回顾分析24例经手术证实腹外疝并发肠梗阻的螺旋CT表现。结果 24例中,根据疝所在的位置,螺旋CT诊断腹股沟斜疝16例(右侧10例、左侧6例),腹股沟直疝1例,股疝3例(右侧2例、左侧1例),闭孔疝2例(右侧),腹壁切口疝2例。疝囊内容物均为小肠,伴大网膜7例(腹股沟斜疝6例、腹股沟直疝1例)。小肠不全梗阻11例,完全性梗阻13例,腹腔积液3例。结论多层螺旋CT不仅能明确腹外疝并发肠梗阻的部位及程度,而且能为临床提供疝内容物的种类、大小、与周围解剖关系等精细信息,对临床选择合理的治疗方案及患者预后具有重要价值。

婴幼儿先天性胸腹裂孔疝的手术治疗

目的探讨婴幼儿先天性胸腹裂孔疝的治疗方法,提高生存率。方法回顾我院1986～2003年收治16h～2岁先天性胸腹裂孔疝53例的手术治疗,其中5例经胸手术,48例经腹手术。结果治愈47例熏死亡6例。随访30例2月～10年,X线透视肺膨胀良好,术后早期体重增加,呼吸道感染明显减少。结论提高诊断、急救技术,完善新生儿围手术期措施,可提高婴幼儿先天性胸腹裂孔疝的生存率。

腹腔镜或杂交技术修补大型、巨大型腹壁切口疝的技巧

目的探讨腹腔镜或杂交技术修补大型(缺损8~12 cm)、巨大型(缺损>12 cm)腹壁切口疝的操作技巧。方法 2009年7月~2015年6月,对45例腹壁切口疝进行修补,包括大型20例,巨大型25例。腹腔镜修补20例,杂交修补25例,均使用防粘连补片。结果腹腔镜修补和杂交修补手术的手术时间分别为(113.0±35.4)min、(127.0±31.6)min,术中出血(36.0±19.8)ml、(92.0±36.2)ml,术后住院时间(10.3±2.6)d、(11.0±2.2)d。无手术死亡、腹腔感染、切口感染发生,1例左下肢深静脉血栓形成经抗凝与活血化瘀治愈,2例切口血清肿穿刺加压包扎治愈,3例持续腹壁痛3个月后缓解。随访1~5年,(3.1±1.8)年,无疝复发。结论腹腔镜或杂交技术防粘连补片修补切口疝,具有创伤小、恢复快、复发率低等优点。操作时避免肠管损伤、修复腹壁缺损或封闭疝环、选择合适补片、可靠固定是关键。