All eukaryotic cells can secrete extracellular vesicles, which have a double-membrane structure and are important players in the intercellular communication involved in a variety of important biological processes. Pla...All eukaryotic cells can secrete extracellular vesicles, which have a double-membrane structure and are important players in the intercellular communication involved in a variety of important biological processes. Platelets form platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) in response to activation, injury, or apoptosis. This review introduces the origin, pathway, and biological functions of PMPs and their importance in physiological and pathological processes. In addition, we review the potential applications of PMPs in cancer, vascular homeostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, neural regeneration, biomarkers, and drug carriers to achieve targeted drug delivery. In addition, we comprehensively report on the origin, biological functions, and applications of PMPs. The clinical transformation, high heterogeneity, future development direction, and limitations of the current research on PMPs are also discussed in depth. Evidence has revealed that PMPs play an important role in cell-cell communication, providing clues for the development of PMPs as carriers for relevant cell-targeted drugs. The development history and prospects of PMPs and their cargos are explored in this guidebook.展开更多
Intratumoral heterogeneity including genetic and nongenetic mechanisms refers to biological differences amongst malignant cells originated within the same tumor.Both,cell differentiation hierarchy and stochasticity in...Intratumoral heterogeneity including genetic and nongenetic mechanisms refers to biological differences amongst malignant cells originated within the same tumor.Both,cell differentiation hierarchy and stochasticity in gene expression and signaling pathways may result in phenotypic differences of cancer cells.Since a tumor consists of cancer cell clones that display distinct behaviours,changes in clonal proliferative behavior may also contribute to the phenotypic variability of tumor cells.There is a need to reveal molecular actions driving chemotherapeutic resistance in colon cancer cells.In general,it is widely hypothesized that therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer is a consequence of the preferential survival of cancer stem cells.However,recent data regarding colorectal cancer suggest that resistance to anticancer therapy and post-therapeutic tumor reappearence could be related to variations of clonal dynamics.Understanding the interaction of genetic and nongenetic determinants influencing the functional diversity and therapy response of tumors should be a future direction for cancer research.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No:81901099 and 81703427)the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No:2018M641731).
文摘All eukaryotic cells can secrete extracellular vesicles, which have a double-membrane structure and are important players in the intercellular communication involved in a variety of important biological processes. Platelets form platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) in response to activation, injury, or apoptosis. This review introduces the origin, pathway, and biological functions of PMPs and their importance in physiological and pathological processes. In addition, we review the potential applications of PMPs in cancer, vascular homeostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, neural regeneration, biomarkers, and drug carriers to achieve targeted drug delivery. In addition, we comprehensively report on the origin, biological functions, and applications of PMPs. The clinical transformation, high heterogeneity, future development direction, and limitations of the current research on PMPs are also discussed in depth. Evidence has revealed that PMPs play an important role in cell-cell communication, providing clues for the development of PMPs as carriers for relevant cell-targeted drugs. The development history and prospects of PMPs and their cargos are explored in this guidebook.
文摘Intratumoral heterogeneity including genetic and nongenetic mechanisms refers to biological differences amongst malignant cells originated within the same tumor.Both,cell differentiation hierarchy and stochasticity in gene expression and signaling pathways may result in phenotypic differences of cancer cells.Since a tumor consists of cancer cell clones that display distinct behaviours,changes in clonal proliferative behavior may also contribute to the phenotypic variability of tumor cells.There is a need to reveal molecular actions driving chemotherapeutic resistance in colon cancer cells.In general,it is widely hypothesized that therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer is a consequence of the preferential survival of cancer stem cells.However,recent data regarding colorectal cancer suggest that resistance to anticancer therapy and post-therapeutic tumor reappearence could be related to variations of clonal dynamics.Understanding the interaction of genetic and nongenetic determinants influencing the functional diversity and therapy response of tumors should be a future direction for cancer research.
