与低水分挤压蛋白组织化程度低,质地与口感差相比,高水分组织化植物蛋白具有类似动物肌肉的纤维状结构和口感,被誉为新一代素肉制品,是动物蛋白理想的替代品。以豌豆分离蛋白(pea protein isolate,PPI)为研究对象,采用双螺杆挤压技术制...与低水分挤压蛋白组织化程度低,质地与口感差相比,高水分组织化植物蛋白具有类似动物肌肉的纤维状结构和口感,被誉为新一代素肉制品,是动物蛋白理想的替代品。以豌豆分离蛋白(pea protein isolate,PPI)为研究对象,采用双螺杆挤压技术制备高水分组织化蛋白,探究工艺参数(水分含量、蒸煮温度、喂料速度、螺杆转速)对挤出物的宏观与微观结构、质构特性、感官特性的调控作用,同时通过正交试验结合主成分分析优化得到挤出物最接近动物肉的操作参数。研究结果表明:物料水分含量是改善PPI挤出物组织化度和质地的关键因素。水分含量增加提升了PPI挤出物的组织化度、色泽,显著降低产品的硬度、咀嚼性,水分过高(水分质量分数为65%)或者过低(水分质量分数为45%)的样品其纤维化结构较差;蒸煮温度在140~160℃时挤压的产品体现出较高的组织化度和较优的口感、表观和色泽;提高螺杆转速,组织化度先显著降低而后升高;喂料速度增加,挤出物硬度和咀嚼度先显著增加后降低,组织化度先降低后增加。通过正交试验结合主成分分析法,以牛小黄瓜条部位牛肉的质构参数为目标参数得到了优化的操作参数:水分质量分数为55%,蒸煮温度为160℃,螺杆转速为175 r/min,喂料速度为7 g/min。研究结果旨在为高水分组织化植物蛋白品质调控提供技术支撑。展开更多
Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yiel...Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days(labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days(D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15).In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize.The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha^-1 and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m-3, respectively.Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments.These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE.In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.展开更多
文摘与低水分挤压蛋白组织化程度低,质地与口感差相比,高水分组织化植物蛋白具有类似动物肌肉的纤维状结构和口感,被誉为新一代素肉制品,是动物蛋白理想的替代品。以豌豆分离蛋白(pea protein isolate,PPI)为研究对象,采用双螺杆挤压技术制备高水分组织化蛋白,探究工艺参数(水分含量、蒸煮温度、喂料速度、螺杆转速)对挤出物的宏观与微观结构、质构特性、感官特性的调控作用,同时通过正交试验结合主成分分析优化得到挤出物最接近动物肉的操作参数。研究结果表明:物料水分含量是改善PPI挤出物组织化度和质地的关键因素。水分含量增加提升了PPI挤出物的组织化度、色泽,显著降低产品的硬度、咀嚼性,水分过高(水分质量分数为65%)或者过低(水分质量分数为45%)的样品其纤维化结构较差;蒸煮温度在140~160℃时挤压的产品体现出较高的组织化度和较优的口感、表观和色泽;提高螺杆转速,组织化度先显著降低而后升高;喂料速度增加,挤出物硬度和咀嚼度先显著增加后降低,组织化度先降低后增加。通过正交试验结合主成分分析法,以牛小黄瓜条部位牛肉的质构参数为目标参数得到了优化的操作参数:水分质量分数为55%,蒸煮温度为160℃,螺杆转速为175 r/min,喂料速度为7 g/min。研究结果旨在为高水分组织化植物蛋白品质调控提供技术支撑。
基金research support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300110, 2016YFD0300101)the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB150401)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360302)the Science and Technology Program of the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Construction Corps in China (1703)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program for financial support.
文摘Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days(labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days(D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15).In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize.The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha^-1 and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m-3, respectively.Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments.These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE.In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.