CT Image-based Analysis on the Defect of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced High-Strength Concrete at High Temperatures

With the application of X-ray computed tomography（CT） technology of C80 high-strength concrete with polypropylene fiber at elevated temperatures, the microscopic damage evolution process observation and image building could be obtained, based on the statistics theory and numerical analysis of the combination of concrete internal defects extension and evolution regularity of microscopic structure. The expermental results show that the defect rate has changed at different temperatures and can determine the concrete degradation threshold temperatures. Also, data analysis can help to establish the evolution equation between the defect rate and the effect of temperature damage, and identify that the addition of polypropylene fibers in the high strength concrete at high temperature can improve cracking resistance.

EPITAXIAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF POLY(ε-CAPROLACTONE)ON HIGHLY ORIENTED ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE

Electron microscope and electron diffraction have been used to study epitaxial crystallization of poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL).on highly oriented film of isotactic polypropylene(iPP).The results obtained from bright field(BF)electron micrograph and electron diffraction indicate that the PCL can epitaxially grow on iPP substrate and form cross-hatched lamellar texture.The c axes of PCL are ±500 apart from the c axes of iPP. The contact planes of the two kinds of crystals are(010)of iPP and(100) of PCL,respectively.

Determination and Temperature Dependence of Plateau Modulus for Polymerization of Propylene to Isotactic Polypropylene with Ultra-high Molecular Weight under Catalysis of Ziegler-Natta Catalyst

The viscoelastic behavior of isotactic polypropylene with ultra-high molecular weight(UHPPH) and broad molecular weight distribution(MWD), produced in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalyst, was investigated by means of oscillatory rheometry at 180 and 200 ℃, whose loss modulus(G″) plots at 180 and 200 ℃ versus the natural logarithm of angular frequency(ω) present a pronounced maximum at 34.35 and 69.21 rad/s, respectively, and do not show a maximum peak at 0.01-100 rad/s for Ziegler-Natta catalyzing ethylene-propylene random copolymerization(PPR) with a conventional molecular weight and broad MWD. The fact indicates that the high molecular weight is responsible for a maximum peak of G″(ω) vs. lnω curves for UHPPH. This makes it possible to determine the plateau modulus(G 0_N) of UHPPH from a certain experimental temperature G″(ω) curve directly. For UHPPH, the G 0_N determined to be 4.28×10 5 and 3.62×10 5 Pa at 180 and 200 ℃, respectively, decreases with the increase of temperature and is independent of the molecular weight, which directly confirms reputation theoretical prediction that the G 0_N has no relation to the molecular weight.

Novel Method for Preparation of Polypropylene Blends with High Melt Strength by Reactive Compounding

Ultrafine full-vulcanized polybutadiene rubber（UFBR） with particle sizes of ca.50―100 nm were used for modifying mechanical and processing performances of polypropylene（PP） with PP-g-maleic anhydride（PP-g-MA） as a compatibilizer for enhancing the interfacial adhesion between the two components.The morphology,dynamical rheology response and mechanical properties of the blends were characterized by means of SEM,rheometer and tensile test,respectively.The results show that the ternary PP/UFBR blends compatibilized with PP-g-MA possess rheological behaviors like highly branched PP,while no obvious strain hardening is observed in its control binary PP/UFBR blends,a low level of PP-g-MA in PP/UFBR blends can even endow the material with rheological characteristics of high melt strength materials like highly branched PP.The enhancement interfacial interaction between the UFBR particles and PP matrix accounting for the rheological behavior of compatibilized blends and effectiveness of PP-g-MA were proposed and proved.

Mechanical, Thermal and Crystallization Properties of Polypropylene (PP) Reinforced Composites with High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) as Matrix

Our work aims to evaluate a complete outlook of virgin high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) polyblends. Virgin PP of 20, 30 and 50 weight% is compounded with virgin HDPE. The properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, Izod impact strength are examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarised light microscopy (PLM) are used to observe the surface and crystal morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests verify the non compatibility of both polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques are used to study the thermal behaviour of composites. The results manifest co-occurring spherulites for polyblends;indicating the composite to be a physical blend of continuous and dispersed phases, but on the other hand PP improves the tensile and flexural properties of HDPE.

Multi-layer quasi-zero-stiffness meta-structure for high-efficiency vibration isolation at low frequency

An easily stackable multi-layer quasi-zero-stiffness(ML-QZS)meta-structure is proposed to achieve highly efficient vibration isolation performance at low frequency.First,the distributed shape optimization method is used to design the unit cel,i.e.,the single-layer QZS(SL-QZS)meta-structure.Second,the stiffness feature of the unit cell is investigated and verified through static experiments.Third,the unit cells are stacked one by one along the direction of vibration isolation,and thus the ML-QZS meta-structure is constructed.Fourth,the dynamic modeling of the ML-QZS vibration isolation metastructure is conducted,and the dynamic responses are obtained from the equations of motion,and verified by finite element(FE)simulations.Finally,a prototype of the ML-QZS vibration isolation meta-structure is fabricated by additive manufacturing,and the vibration isolation performance is evaluated experimentally.The results show that the vibration isolation performance substantially enhances when the number of unit cells increases.More importantly,the ML-QZS meta-structure can be easily extended in the direction of vibration isolation when the unit cells are properly stacked.Hence,the ML-FQZS vibration isolation meta-structure should be a fascinating solution for highly efficient vibration isolation performance at low frequency.

Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Elevated Temperature

Apart from many advantages,High Strength Concrete(HSC)has disadvantages in terms of brittleness and poor resistance to fire.Various studies suggest that when polypropylene(PP)fibers are uniformly distributed within concrete,they play an active role in improving spalling resistance of concrete when exposed to elevated temperature while having no adverse effect on its mechanical properties.Therefore,there is a necessity to quantify the effect of the addition of polypropylene fibers in terms of the fiber dosage,the strength of the concrete,and the residual mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete under exposure to high temperature from fire.The study was carried out on three water/cement(w/c)ratios(0.47,0.36&0.20)using granite aggregate for determining short term mechanical properties of Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete in comparison to control mix.The experimental program includes 100×200 mm&150 x 300 mm cylinders with fiber volume of 0.5%,that were subjected to temperatures exposures of 400°C and 600°C for durations of 1 hour.From the results,it was observed that no significant enhancement in mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity,Poisson’s ratio,split tensile strength,flexural strength,and compressive strength was observed at room temperature and at elevated temperatures.

Polydimethylsiloxane assisted supercritical CO2 foaming behavior of high melt strength polypropylene grafted with styrene

Foamable high melt strength polypropylene （HMSPP） was prepared by grafting styrene （St） onto polypropylene （PP） and simultaneously introducing poly- dimethylsiloxane （PDMS） through a one-step melt extru- sion process. The effect of PDMS viscosity on the foaming behavior of HMSPP was systematically investigated using supercritical CO2 as the foaming agent. The results show that the addition of PDMS has little effect on the grafting reaction of St and HMSPP exhibits enhanced elastic response and obvious strain hardening effect. Though the CO2 solubility of HMSPP with PDMS （PDMS-HMSPP） is lower than that of HMSPP without PDMS, especially for PDMS with low viscosity, the PDMS-HMSPP foams exhibit narrow cell size distribution and high cell density. The fracture morphology of PDMS-HMSPP shows that PDMS with low viscosity disperses more easily and uniformly in HMSPP matrix, leading to form small domains during the extrusion process. These small domains act as bubble nucleation sites and thus may be responsible for the improved foaming performance of HMSPP.

Preliminary study on the possible new modification of isotactic polypropylene crystallized under high pressure

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has complex polymorphic structures. It can crystallize in at least four different modifications, termed α, β, γ and δ, under different crystallization conditions. The modifications of iPP and their transitions have attracted much attention over the years. Studies on the relationships between the modifications and the possibility of formation of new modification are significantly important to investigation on the relationships between structure and properties of iPP. In this note,

Stiffness Distribution and Aeroelastic Performance Optimization of High-Aspect-Ratio Wings

The relationship between stiffness distribution and aeroelastic performance for a beam-frame model and a3-D model is investigated based on aeroelastic optimization of global stiffness design for high-aspect-ratio wings.The sensitivity information of wing spanwise stiffness distribution with respect to the twist angle at wing tip,the vertical displacement at wing tip,and the flutter speed are obtained using a sensitivity method for both models.Then the relationship between stiffness distribution and aeroelastic performance is summarized to guide the design procedure.By using the genetic/sensitivity-based hybrid algorithm,an optimal solution satisfying the strength,aeroelastic and manufacturing constraints is obtained.It is found that the summarized guidance is well consistent with the optimal solution,thus providing a valuable design advice with efficiency.The study also shows that the aeroelastic-optimization-based global stiffness design procedure can obtain the optimal solution under multiple constraints with high efficiency and precision,thereby having a strong application value in engineering.

Performance analysis of high-static-low-dynamic stiffness vibration isolator with time-delayed displacement feedback

The displacement feedback with time delay considered is introduced in order to enhance the vibration isolation performance of a high-static-low-dynamic stiffness(HSLDS) vibration isolator. Such feedback is detailedly analyzed from the viewpoint of equivalent damping. Firstly, the primary resonance of the controlled HSLDS vibration isolator subjected to a harmonic force excitation is obtained based on the multiple scales method and further verified by numerical integration. The stability of the primary resonance is subsequently investigated. Then, the equivalent damping is defined to study the effects of feedback gain and time delay on primary resonance. The condition of jump avoidance is obtained with the purpose of eliminating the adverse effects induced by jumps. Finally, the force transmissibility of the controlled HSLDS vibration isolator is defined to evaluate its isolation performance. It is shown that an appropriate choice of feedback parameters can effectively suppress the force transmissibility in resonant region and reduce the resonance frequency. Furthermore, a wider vibration isolation frequency bandwidth can be achieved compared to the passive HSLDS vibration isolator.

Liver stiffness in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy:A case control study

BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP)is a rare but severe complication for both the mother and the unborn child.The diagnosis is primarily based on elevated serum levels of bile acids.In a large ICP cohort,we here study in detail liver stiffness(LS)using transient elastography(TE),now widely used to noninvasively screen for liver cirrhosis within minutes.AIM To specifically explore LS in a large cohort of women with ICP compared to a control group with uncomplicated pregnancy.METHODS LS and hepatic steatosis marker controlled attenuation parameter(CAP)were measured in 100 pregnant women with ICP using TE(Fibroscan,Echosens,Paris,France)between 2010 and 2020.In 17 cases,LS could be measured postpartum.450 women before and 38 women after delivery with uncomplicated pregnancy served as control group.Routine laboratory,levels of bile acids and apoptosis marker caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 fragment(M30)were also measured.RESULTS Women with ICP had significantly elevated transaminases but normal gammaglutamyl transferase(GGT).Mean LS was significantly increased at 7.3±3.0 kPa compared to the control group at 6.2±2.3 kPa(P<0.0001).Postpartum LS decreased significantly in both groups but was still higher in ICP(5.8±1.7 kPa vs 4.2±0.9 kPa,P<0.0001),respectively.In ICP,LS was highly significantly correlated with levels of bile acids and M30 but not transaminases.No correlation was seen with GGT that even increased significantly after delivery in the ICP group.Bile acids were mostly correlated with the liver apoptosis marker M30,LS and levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and bilirubin.In multivariate analysis,LS remained the sole parameter that was independently associated with elevated bile acids.CONCLUSION In conclusion,LS is significantly elevated in ICP which is most likely due to toxic bile acid accumulation and hepatocyte apoptosis.In association with conventional laboratory markers,LS provides additional non-invasive information to rapidly identify women at risk for ICP.

一种电磁式高静-低动刚度隔振系统建模与特性分析

为改善传统线性隔振系统尺寸参数确定后就无法取得更低起始隔振频率的缺陷,基于电磁线圈嵌套永磁体结构,提出一种具有高静-低动刚度特性的电磁式可变刚度隔振系统.采用分子电流法建立隔振系统磁力的数学模型;充分考虑隔振系统力学模型中二次与三次非线性刚度项的影响,建立单自由度被动隔振系统强非线性动力学模型;采用增量谐波平衡法(IHB)求解动力学模型,分析激励、电流等对隔振系统位移传递率的影响规律;构建实验测试系统,验证所提出新型隔振系统的有效性.实验结果和理论计算表明:通入电流比未通入电流时隔振系统的起始隔振频率降低了19.25%,拓宽了隔振频带,实现了其对不同振源的适应性.

面向高温储能应用可交联聚丙烯电介质材料研究

近几年,电磁弹射技术和电动汽车行业快速发展,对于提高薄膜介电电容器的耐高温和高储能性能的需求也越来越迫切。为此,对接枝交联抗氧化剂的聚丙烯(PPHP)进行了热处理,使其内部发生交联形成交联三维网络,可提高聚丙烯的耐高温性能、耐高压性能、介电性能以及储能性能。研究结果表明:经过热处理的接枝可交联抗氧化剂聚丙烯(CPP)相较于双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)和聚丙烯(PP),在室温下其击穿场强可以达到1105 MV/m,在130℃时可达到647 MV/m,介电常数在3.0左右,介电损耗在0.01以下;在600 MV/m的电场强度下,其能量密度值为9.13 J/cm^(3),能量释放效率达到94.3%。

梁桁组合结构高铁斜拉桥的收缩徐变分析——以西十高铁汉江特大桥为例

梁桁组合结构高铁斜拉桥中,混凝土收缩徐变对桥面线性的平顺性及行车的舒适性有直接影响,是桥上能够铺设无砟轨道的关键因素。因此,为分析收缩徐变对梁桁组合结构受力和变形的影响,依托新建西安至十堰高铁汉江特大桥工程,采用CEB-FIP90徐变计算模型,通过建立有限元模型分析收缩徐变影响下主要构件的内力和变形,评价各主要受力构件刚度变化对徐变变形的贡献程度,研究改善收缩徐变变形措施。结果表明:(1)收缩徐变引起主梁跨中下挠、桥塔向跨中侧偏移,同时引起主梁和桥塔的压缩变形,5年完成的收缩徐变变形占前10年的70%以上,且主梁产生的收缩徐变贡献超过50%;(2)收缩徐变引起斜拉索索力松弛,运营30年的最大变化率在5%以内;(3)收缩徐变引起主梁应力及上下缘应力差变化,随着运营时间增加主梁跨中区域应力差增大明显,主要表现在下缘压应力储备降低;(4)随着桥塔刚度、主梁刚度、加劲钢桁刚度增大,收缩徐变引起的变形有所减小,而斜拉索刚度则产生相反的趋势。(5)延长铺轨时间、适当增加底板钢束面积、增加斜拉索索力以及在跨中加劲钢桁上弦灌注混凝土可有效降低主梁跨中徐变下挠。

内置工字形CFRP的高强圆钢管高强混凝土纯弯构件抗弯刚度研究

目的研究内置工字形CFRP型材高强圆钢管高强混凝土纯弯构件的抗弯刚度,为该类构件的设计和工程应用提供参考。方法设计3个CHCFHST-CFRP构件,对其进行纯弯试验;应用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了纯弯构件数值模型,在数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合的基础上,分析各参数对构件抗弯刚度的影响;并且推导了适用于纯弯构件的抗弯刚度和挠度计算公式。结果试件均未出现断裂,钢管也未产生局部鼓曲,卸载后纯弯段有明显回弹;随着混凝土强度、钢管壁厚和型材尺寸的增长,构件抗弯刚度略有增长;与未配置CFRP型材的构件相比,配置CFRP型材后构件的抗弯刚度有了明显的增长。结论试件整体呈弯曲破坏模态,具有良好的变形能力,具有较强的耗能能力及刚度退化能力;利用笔者推导的公式得到的计算值与试验结果吻合较好,公式可用来计算此类构件的抗弯刚度与挠度。

高速列车对综合交通枢纽中地下车站结构振动的影响

以济南遥墙综合交通枢纽为工程案例,依托CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道建立车辆-轨道-车站结构振动耦合模型,利用时频域分析方法,分析了不同列车通过速度下轨道与车站结构间振动传递特征、不同减振垫层刚度下车站结构顶板振动响应特征和减振效果。结果表明:列车通过速度80 km/h时,钢轨、轨道板、车站结构侧壁、车站结构顶板振动加速度绝对值依次减小,车站结构顶板振动加速度级峰值出现在100 Hz;车站结构侧壁和顶板的分频最大振级、最大Z振级均随列车通过速度增加而增大,并且最大Z振级的增幅大于分频最大振级;不同列车通过速度下车站结构侧壁的分频最大振级和最大Z振级均大于顶板;降低减振垫层刚度可有效减小车站结构顶板最大Z振级;列车以不同速度通过各股道时可通过采用不同减振垫层刚度的轨道结构达到同等减振效果。

一种双简支―悬臂梁反共振隔振器设计分析与试验

[目的]为探究三元件型反共振隔振器的实现形式,提出一种由一根悬臂端含质量块的双简支-悬臂梁与一根双支撑梁所组成的机械装置(BAVI)。[方法]首先,分析双简支-悬臂梁的动态特性,推导其阻抗方程;然后,根据驱动点阻抗函数综合其低阶模型是单惯容与单弹簧二元件的串联结构,并解析低阶模型的等效参数;最后,通过装置试件设计与试验,验证其反共振特性和理论方法有效性,并在此基础上分析装置刚度特性及不同阻尼形式的效果。[结果]结果表明,当跨度比共振隔振器结构,具有“高静低动”刚度特性;在双简支-悬臂梁上采取阻尼措施后,可实现隔振区传递率以最大速率衰减的同时抑制共振峰的效果。[结论]所提机械装置证明了三元件型反共振隔振器的可实现性,提供了一种简易可行的工程结构。

混掺纤维水泥砂浆的高温性能研究

火灾产生的高温会对水泥基复合材料造成严重损伤,而混掺玄武岩纤维可一定程度上提高水泥基复合材料的耐高温性能。为研究不同种类玄武岩纤维与聚丙烯纤维混掺水泥砂浆经高温作用后的性能变化规律,测试了混掺纤维水泥砂浆高温后的基本力学性能,并借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和压汞试验对混掺纤维水泥砂浆的微观结构进行分析。结果表明:不同种类的玄武岩纤维与聚丙烯纤维混掺后均能改善水泥砂浆的耐高温性能;温度在200℃时由于水泥砂浆内部发生二次水化,混掺纤维水泥砂浆的抗压强度和抗折强度显著提高。随着温度升高至800℃,水泥砂浆内部结构被破坏,孔隙率逐渐增大,力学性能逐渐下降,但混掺纤维水泥砂浆性能仍高于基准组,这是因为聚丙烯纤维高温熔化后留下大量的孔道,缓解水泥砂浆内部孔隙压力,且玄武岩纤维在水泥砂浆内部起到桥接作用,缓解了高温裂纹的扩展。

接枝聚丙烯电容薄膜的高温储能特性

随着海上风电、电动汽车和油气勘探的迅速发展,对薄膜电容器的工作温度提出更高的要求。然而,当环境温度达到120℃时,目前使用最为广泛的双向拉伸聚丙烯电容薄膜充放电效率急剧下降,不能满足应用需求。该文制备了苯乙烯接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-St)双向拉伸电介质薄膜,在120℃下,PP-g-St可以将能量密度从0.23 J/cm^(3)提高到1.67 J/cm^(3)(储能效率在90%以上),同时接枝后击穿场强大幅提升,高温泄漏电流得到有效抑制,这源自于接枝后引入的深陷阱限制了载流子的输运。接枝样品中的自聚相经拉伸后与基体具有良好的相容性。该文研究为适用于高温高场条件的聚丙烯基电容器薄膜材料的大规模制备提供可能。