An Analysis of Health Factors Affecting Employees’ Absenteeism: Influences of HDL Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels

Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.

EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE ON THE HIGH HEMAGGLUTINATION STATE, BLOOD-SUGAR-RAISING HORMONE AND IMMUNOCYTE FACTOR LEVELS IN TYPE-II DIABETES PATIENTS

Objective: To investigate the effect of acupuncture on high hemagglutination state, blood sugar raising hormone and immunocyte factor levels in type II diabetes patients. Methods: A total of 120 inpatients and outpatients were randomly divided into acupuncture plus medication group (n=52) and medication group (n=50). In addition, 18 type II diabetes patients formed acupuncture group for comparing their therapeutic effects. Main acupoints used were Pishu (BL 20), Geshu (BL 17), Yishu, Shenshu (BL 23), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc.. combined with other acupoints according to different sydroms. These acupoints were stimulated by manipulaing the filiform needles with uniform reinforcing and reducing method for 15 min and then stimulated electrically for 15 min with an electroacupuncture therapeutic apparatus. Western medicines used were Glipizide, Dimethyldiguanide Hydrochloride, etc.. The treatment was given once daily, with 10 sessions being a therapeutic course, 2～3 courses altogether. Indexes of external thrombosis length (ETL), platelet agglutination rate (PAgR), fibrinogen (FG), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), prothrombin time(PT), adrenocoticortropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (CS), growth hormone (GH), glucagon (GL), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), interleukin 6 (IL 6), insulin (INS) and C peptide (C P) were determined using radioimmunoassay. Results: After 2～3 courses of treatment, both acupuncture group and medication plus acupuncture group could significantly improve high hemagglutination state, lower blood sugar raising hormone level, regulate immunocyte factor level and raise the sensitivity of insulin, which were apparently superior to those of medication group (P<0.05～0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy can effectively regulate plasma blood sugar raising hormone, immunocyte factor levels, increase the sensitivity of insulin to target cells, resist blood coagulation and improve microcirculation.

1例结肠癌患者靶向联合化疗后血糖异常升高的病例分析

1例结肠癌患者使用贝伐珠单抗联合氟尿嘧啶2周期后出现腹痛伴恶心呕吐,完善检查发现血糖异常升高至40 mmol·L^(-1),血气分析:酸碱度7.24,实际碳酸氢根4 mmol·L^(-1),酮体+++,尿糖+++,判定为轻度糖尿病酮症酸中毒。经过大量补液和胰岛素、德谷门冬双胰岛素治疗后,血气分析和酮体、尿糖恢复正常,空腹血糖控制在8.6 mmol·L^(-1),病情稳定,但患者需要长期使用门冬胰岛素。对糖尿病酮症酸中毒与可疑药物进行关联性分析,评定糖尿病酮症酸中毒“可能”为贝伐珠单抗和氟尿嘧啶联合用药引起。查阅国内外文献,对肿瘤相关糖代谢异常进行了分析和总结,化疗药物或化疗辅助用药引起的血糖异常不容忽视,尤其是有糖尿病史或者糖尿病前期的肿瘤患者,以期为同类反应提供一定的参考。

胡麻籽饼粕黄酮的降脂降糖效果的研究

目的:探究胡麻籽饼粕黄酮对高脂膳食小鼠体内血糖血脂代谢异常的影响。方法:体外实验部分,分析胡麻籽饼粕黄酮对超氧自由基的清除作用、对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性和α-淀粉酶活性抑制作用;动物实验部分,将40只昆明小鼠随机均分为4组,正常对照组(CON)、高脂膳食组(HF)、低剂量黄酮组(LH)和高剂量黄酮组(HH);持续饲喂5周后,分析小鼠血糖、血脂、抗氧化酶水平的变化。结果:胡麻籽饼粕黄酮对超氧自由基有较强的清除效果,对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性和α-淀粉酶活性有较好的抑制效果;高脂膳食饲喂导致小鼠体内血糖、血脂水平的异常,降低抗氧化酶活力;胡麻籽饼粕黄酮能够显著提高小鼠体内抗氧化酶活力,并显著改善血脂水平和血糖浓度异常。结论:胡麻籽饼粕黄酮具有改善高脂膳食导致的小鼠机体血糖血脂代谢异常的作用,降低机体氧化应激。

Aspirin and Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder in which blood sugar levels are abnormally high because either absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Treatment of diabetes involves diet, exercise, education and for most people, drugs. Oral antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin doses may be affected by co-administration of many drugs including aspirin. Dose adjustments may be necessary. The pain killer effect of aspirin is best known for its effects on the two cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX1 & COX2), but, recently, aspirin could specifically inhibit the protein I-kappa-β-kinase beta (IKK-beta). This kinase is used for its role in the cascade of signals that activate the nuclear factor kappa-b (NF-kappa-B) family of cellular genes which regulate inflammatory and immune responses. Now, it turns out that IKK-beta also works in another pathway to contribute to insulin resistance by interfering with insulin signaling. Objective: In view of the recent rodent data demonstrating a potentially important role of IKKβ in mediating insulin resistance and the ability of salicylates to inhibit IKKβ activity, we decided to examine the role of different doses of aspirin (low, moderate and high) in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: DM in rats were induced by administration of nicotinamide (NAD), 15 min prior to the single dose of streptozotocin STZ i.p. Ninety male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into 6 main groups. The first was served as control which receives no medications. The second group was diabetic induced rats as mentioned above. The third group was controlled by insulin after induction of D.M. Groups from the fourth to the six consist of 20 diabetic induced rats and further subdivided into rats taking either aspirin alone in different doses (low, moderate or high) or aspirin and insulin. At the end of the protocol, fasting blood sugar level (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c%), total serum proteins, C-peptide, lipid profile and C-reactive proteins were measured. Results: Different doses of aspirin showed that moderate and to a greater extent high dose aspirin administration to diabetic rats have greater impact on fasting blood glucose levels whether treated with insulin or not. Again, HBA1c% in diabetic rats treated with insulin and receiving HDA was lower than diabetic rats treated with insulin only or even taking LDA in addition. On the contrary, different doses of aspirin (LDA, MDA&HDA) administration to diabetic rats have no any influence on HBA1c% as compared to normal non-diabetic rats. TGs in diabetic rats receiving MDA alone was elevated as compared to normal non-diabetic rats. Again, moderate and HDA in diabetic rats not taking insulin had high TGs level as compared to diabetic rats treated with insulin only. Conclusion: The study concluded that the inflammatory pathways hold a substantial part in insulin resistance in type 2 DM. The influence of salicylate compounds on insulin sensitivity is multifactorial especially in high doses, and involves both beneficial and deleterious effects depending on the species and experimental model studied.

二甲双胍联合高膳食纤维治疗妊娠期糖尿病患者的效果研究

目的探讨二甲双胍联合高膳食纤维治疗妊娠期糖尿病患者的效果。方法选取251例妊娠期糖尿病患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为A组(125例)和B组(126例)。两组均给予二甲双胍治疗,B组添加高膳食纤维治疗。对比两组血糖指标、血脂指标、不良妊娠结局及自然分娩率。结果治疗后,B组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)水平较A组更低(P<0.05)。A组早产19例,前置胎盘15例,巨大儿8例,新生儿窒息7例。B组早产6例,前置胎盘3例,巨大儿1例,新生儿窒息1例。B组早产、前置胎盘、巨大儿及新生儿窒息发生率低于A组(P<0.05)。结论妊娠期糖尿病患者采用二甲双胍联合高膳食纤维治疗效果显著,不仅有助改善血脂及血糖指标水平,还可以降低不良妊娠结局,值得临床推广与运用。

康复运动联合足部优质护理对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的干预效果

目的 分析康复运动联合足部优质护理干预对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的效果,以促进DPN患者的康复预后。方法 选择我院2019年6月至2020年2月诊治的112例DPN患者,采取1:1比例法分组研究。对照组患者(n=56)行常规护理,联合组患者(n=56)行康复运动联合足部优质护理干预。比较两组护理期间神经传导速度、生存质量、心理状况、血糖水平变化情况。结果 护理前,两组尺神经、正中神经、腓神经、胫后神经神经传导速度以及生存质量、心理状况评分、血糖指标对比无差异,P>0.05;护理后,两组尺神经、正中神经、腓神经、胫后神经神经传导速度以及生存质量、心理状况评分、血糖水平较护理前改善,且联合组改善幅度大于对照组,P<0.05。结论 康复运动、足部优质护理干预可满足DPN患者的护理需求,护理效果显著,能够降低患者的血糖水平,提高神经传导速度,进一步提高患者的生存质量,稳定患者的情绪,促进患者康复。

孕期群组化健康教育对妊娠期糖尿病高危人群糖控制及妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨孕期群组化健康教育对妊娠期糖尿病(GDW)高危人群血糖控制及妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取2020年1月—2022年4月本院收治的60例GDW高危孕妇,以护理方案分组,对照组(n=30)采用常规护理,观察组(n=30)采取孕期群组化健康教育,比较两组干预结果。结果 干预前,对比两组FBG、2hPG、HbAlc水平,发现无显著差异(P>0.05);干预后,观察组各指标水平更低(P<0.05)。干预前,对两组自我管理行为评分比较,发现无明显差异(P>0.05);干预后,观察组各维度评分更高(P<0.05)。两组不良妊娠结局发生率相比,观察组更低(P<0.05)。结论 孕期群组化健康教育用于GDM患者中应用价值较高,利于控制患者血糖水平,提高孕妇自我管理能力,还可降低不良妊娠结局发生风险,值得应用。

急性脑血管疾病与胰岛素抵抗关系的探讨

目的:探讨急性脑血管疾病(脑出血、脑梗死)是否存在胰岛素抵抗(IR),以及高血糖、高胰岛素血症、胰岛素抵抗在脑血管疾病发生及预后中的意义。方法:选30例急性脑出血、50例脑梗死病人作为研究对象,测定空腹及葡萄糖负荷后2小时的血糖(GLU)、胰岛素(INS)、及C-肽(C—P),治疗30天后再次复查,并与健康对照组比较。结果:脑血管疾病急性期及恢复期血清INS、C—P水平均非常显著高于对照组(P<0.01),空腹血糖水平均正常。脑出血组急性期餐后血糖水平升高、糖耐量(IGT)减低,与正常对照组比较有显著差异(P<0.05),但恢复期餐后血糖水平降至正常。而脑梗死组急性期及恢复期餐后血糖水平均升高,IGT减低,与正常对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:急性脑血管疾病存在IR,脑出血餐后血糖水平升高为一过性,与应激有关,脑梗死的餐后血糖水平升高存在于急性期及恢复期,与应激无关。因而IR是脑血管疾病的独立危险因素。

牡蛎提取物对高血糖小鼠保护作用

目的探讨牡蛎提取物对四氧嘧啶诱发的小鼠高血糖的保护作用。方法预先给小鼠牡蛎提取物灌胃,连续4周,然后腹腔注射四氧嘧啶,观察牡蛎提取物对小鼠血糖、体重、胸腺、脾脏重量的影响。结果牡蛎提取物可显著减低由四氧嘧啶所致的小鼠血糖升高的幅度(P<0.01),增加小鼠免疫器官的重量(P<0.05);对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响。结论牡蛎提取物对四氧嘧啶所致小鼠血糖升高有显著的保护作用。

两种实验性糖尿病模型血糖血脂的比较研究

目的:探讨一次性大剂量腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(Streptozocin,STZ)与高脂高糖饲养配合小剂量STZ两种方法建立的糖尿病模型在血糖与血脂方面的特点。方法:将SD大鼠分为正常组、模型1组、模型2组,采用STZ一次性大剂量腹腔注射(模型1组)和高脂高糖饲料配合小剂量STZ(模型2组)两种方法复制糖尿病模型,血糖仪检测血糖、全自动生化分析仪检测血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等指标。结果:两种方法复制的模型在注射STZ第7天随机血糖较正常组明显升高(P<0.01);模型1组与模型2组的血糖、血脂水平均升高(P<0.01),模型2组血脂水平高于模型1组(P<0.05)。结论:两种方法所复制的糖尿病模型均出现血糖、血脂异常,其变化趋势一致,仅血脂改变的轻重略有差异。

高血压病患者血脂、血糖与血压关系的研究

近年来的研究表明，原发性高血压患者胰岛素敏感性较差，胰岛素、血糖和血脂水平较高。胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常对高血压的病理生理及其并发症的发生有重要影响。我们对482例高血压病患者血脂、血糖和血压等进行测定，并分析三者之间的相关性。

高值血糖对快速血糖仪测定结果影响的系统评价

[目的]评价高值血糖对快速血糖仪测定结果的影响。[方法]计算机检索中国知网数据库和维普数据库,检索年限为1997—2007年。纳入研究高值血糖(>7.8mmol/L)对快速血糖仪测定结果的影响的临床随机对照试验(RCT)和非随机对照研究(CCT)。由两名评价员独立选择试验和提取资料。并按Cochrane系统评价员手册的4条质量评价标准对纳入文献的方法学质量进行评价,而后应用RevMan4.2.10软件做荟萃分析(Meta)。[结果]Meta分析发现,高值血糖对毛细血管全血糖与静脉血浆糖测定结果的差别有统计学意义[WMD(加权平均差值)=-0.98,(-1.40,-0.55)]。[结论]高值血糖对快速血糖仪与全自动生化分析仪测定血糖的结果之间是有影响的,普遍偏低。

高校教职工高血压高血脂高血糖分析

目的 了解高校教职工高血压、高血脂、高血糖的患病情况。方法 对 1998年四川大学 185 1名 3 0岁以上在职教职工进行血压、血脂、血糖检测及分析。结果 高血压、高血脂、高血糖检出率分别为 12 64 %、 2 7 12 %、3 13 % ,并随年龄增加而增高 ;高血压、高血脂检出率男性高于女性 ,高血糖检出率两性间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,教研人员、干部高血压、高血脂检出率高于工人 ,高血糖检出率职业之间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 高血压、高血脂、高血糖在高校教职工中常见 ,有必要定期对其进行体检 。

国产含缓释淀粉肠内营养液对手术病人应激高血糖和营养状况的影响

目的:研究国产含缓释淀粉的肠内营养(EN)液对手术病人应激高血糖和营养状况的影响。方法:本研究为双盲,随机对照研究,将170例手术应激高血糖病人按随机数字表分为研究组(n=90)和对照组(n=80),分别给予相同热量[125.4 k J/(kg·d)]和氮量[0.2 g/(kg·d)]的EN治疗。研究组病人采用含缓释淀粉EN液(力存),对照组采用标准整蛋白型EN液(能全力),治疗10 d。观察病人术前、EN治疗第5和第10天空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h BG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)、血清清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)的变化和并发症。结果:EN治疗第5和第10天,研究组病人2 h BG水平明显低于术前和对照组(P<0.05),而FBG和Hb Alc差异无显著性。两组病人EN治疗第10天,血清ALB和PA水平明显升高,与治疗前比差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组病人腹腔感染、尿路感染发生率明显高于研究组,其他并发症差异无统计学意义。结论:国产含缓释淀粉的EN制剂对降低手术病人应激高血糖和提高血浆蛋白质水平有较好的效果。

红肉桃与其他肉色类型桃糖酸组分的比较

为了促进红肉桃资源的利用,以22份红肉桃、35份白肉桃、18份黄肉桃为试验材料,使用高效液相色谱测定桃果皮和果肉中的糖、酸组分,并进行比较分析。结果表明,红肉桃具有较宽的葡萄糖、果糖、山梨醇、奎尼酸和苹果酸分布区间,且其最大值区间均含红肉桃。肉色类群间比较发现,红肉桃果实山梨醇、奎尼酸的含量及其占总糖、总酸比例均极显著地高于白肉和黄肉桃(P<0.01)。通过果糖与葡萄糖比分析发现,4份低果糖与葡萄糖比种质(06-1、06-2、乌黑鸡肉桃、北京一线红)均为红肉桃。随着口感风味由甜到酸的变化,糖酸比和甜酸比总体呈现下降的趋势,但不同风味间并无明显界限。

高血糖对血液流变学指标中黏度的影响

目的探讨高血糖对血液流变学指标中血浆和全血黏度的影响。方法检测80例高血糖患者的血浆和全血黏度,并与对照组进行对比分析。结果不同性别高血糖组血浆和全血黏度均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),中、低切黏度的变化尤为明显;而高血糖患者中三个浓度组存在着不同的变化规律,血糖浓度在7.5～9.9mmol/L时血浆和全血黏度均出现一个峰值;在10.0～13.9mmol/L时则均有降低的倾向;当>14.0mmol/L,全血黏度明显下降,而血浆黏度则又恢复上升的趋势。结论高血糖病人存在明显的血液流变学指标的异常且存在一定的变化规律,在检验工作中要特别注意血糖对血流变学指标检测的影响。

急性心肌梗死后血糖升高患者的预后分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)后血糖升高患者的临床特点及预后。方法将116例AMI患者根据空腹血糖(FPG)水平分为血糖正常组(66例)和血糖升高组(50例),比较两组患者的临床特点、并发症及病死率等。结果 AMI后血糖升高组与血糖正常组之间严重的心律失常、心力衰竭、心源性休克、大面积梗死、冠状动脉2支及3支病变发生率及病死率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血糖升高组FPG和肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)水平均明显多于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。血糖升高组的左冠状动脉前降支近段、左冠状动脉回旋支近段和右冠状动脉近段梗死面积均明显多于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者血糖升高,临床症状较重,预后较差。积极控制血糖水平,预防糖尿病的发生,对预防和控制并发症,降低患者的病死率有十分重要的意义。

胰岛素泵输注中断的原因分析与护理干预

目的探讨胰岛素泵持续皮下注射过程中泵输注中断的原因与护理干预方法。方法将我院180例住院期间使用胰岛素泵的糖尿病患者分为干预组和对照组各90例。干预组针对胰岛素泵输注过程采取细化护理干预,而对照组采取常规护理。分析患者胰岛素泵使用期间出现输注中断原因,评价两组患者胰岛素泵输注中断的发生率。结果胰岛素泵输注中断引起意外高血糖原因有输注针头滑脱、输注针头折叠、输注管路阻塞、胰岛素泵保管不当、胰岛素泵报警音量设置不当、输注系统忘记开启,其中输注针头故障占75.8%,是引起输注中断最常见的原因。干预组胰岛素泵输注中断发生率明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论胰岛素泵输注过程中采取针对性的细化护理,可有效减少胰岛素泵输注中断引起的意外高血糖,提高胰岛素泵的治疗效果。

脂肪肝、血脂、血糖及尿酸与体质量指数关系的研究

目的旨在探讨体质量指数（BMI）对脂肪肝、血糖、血脂及尿酸的关系。方法对2013年3月-12月滨州市人保局组织的两万四千名健康体检人群来我医院健康体检与管理中心进行体检,研究健康体检人群的BMI与脂肪肝、血糖、血脂、尿酸的关系并进行统计分析。结果超重检出率为35.0%,肥胖检出率为16.2%;随BMI的升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平减低,空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、尿酸、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平逐渐升高,高血糖、高血脂、高尿酸检出率亦增高,随着BMI的增加,脂肪肝的检出率明显增加,各组间比较差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论健康体检人群超重、肥胖率较高,超重、肥胖与脂肪肝、高血糖、高血脂、高尿酸关系密切,需早期采取有效措施控制超重和肥胖倾向,以减少影响人体健康的危险因素,降低患病风险,提高全市人民健康水平。