P-Wave Velocity in Rocks of Dabieshan, China at High Pressure and High Temperature: Constraints for Composition of Lower Crust and Crust-Mantle Recycling

P-wave velocities in the rocks of Dabieshan, central China were measured at pressures up to 5.0 GPa and temperatures up to 1 300℃. The ultrahigh pressure eclogites have the highest density and P-wave velocity (Vp) and lower anisotropy. Pressure derivatives of the eclogites range from 0. 22 to 0. 33 km. s-1 GPa-1. Average temperature derivative of the eclogites is - 3. 41×10-4 km. s-1. °C -1. The density and VP of the eclogites imply that there will be two united possibilities related to crust-mantle recycling after the eclogite formed in the deep lithosphere. One is that some eclogites in the deep lithosphere were detached and sunk into deeper mantle due to their denser density. Another is that some eclogites returned to the crust and exposed to the surface.Small amounts (<12%) of eclogites may be still exist in the deep crust beneath Dabieshan based on our calculation.

The experimental studies on electrical con-ductivities and P-wave velocities of anortho-site at high pressure and high temperature

Results of P-wave velocity (vP) and electrical conductivity measurements on anorthosite are presented from room temperature to 880 C at 1.0 GPa using ultrasonic transmission technique and impedance spectra technique respec-tively. The experiments show that the P-wave velocities in anorthosite decrease markedly above 680 C following the dehydration of hydrous minerals in the rock, and the complex impedances collected from 12 Hz to 105 Hz only indicate the grain interior conduction mechanism at 1.0 GPa, from 410 C to 750 C. Because the fluids in the rock have not formed an interconnected network, the dehydration will not pronouncedly enhance the electrical conduc-tivity and change the electrical conduction mechanism. It is concluded that the formation and evolution of the low-velocity zones and high-conductivity layers in the crust may have no correlations, and the dehydration can result in the formation of the low-velocity zones, but cannot simultaneously result in the high-conductivity layers.

Inconsistency of changes in uniaxial compressive strength and P-wave velocity of sandstone after temperature treatments

It is generally accepted that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)and P-wave velocity of rocks tend to decrease simultaneously with increasing temperature.However,based on a great number of statistical data and systematic analysis of the microstructure variation of rocks with temperature rising and corresponding propagation mechanism of elastic wave,the results show that(1)There are three different trends for the changes of UCS and P-wave velocity of sandstone when heated from room temperature(20C or 25C)to 800C:(i)Both the UCS and P-wave velocity decrease simultaneously;(ii)The UCS increases initially and then decreases,while the P-wave velocity decreases continuously;and(iii)The UCS increases initially and then fluctuates,while the P-wave velocity continuously decreases.(2)The UCS changes at room temperaturee400C,400Ce600C,and 600Ce800C are mainly attributed to the discrepancy of microstructure characteristics and quartz content,the transformation plasticity of clay minerals,and the balance between the thermal cementation and thermal damage,respectively.(3)The inconsistency in the trends of UCS and P-wave velocity changes is caused by the change of quartz content,phase transition of water and certain minerals.

全球地震柱的地震层析成像证据

依据地震地热说原理,搜集国内外地震层析成像研究的成果,揭示了地震柱的物理属性,得出全球24个地震柱中已有资料的20个地震柱的深部地幔圆锥体均具有P波高速异常体特征,相反,只有火山和浅源地震活动而无中、深源地震活动的地区,比如冰岛和夏威夷,其地幔深部则为P波低速异常体。为解释这个重要的物理现象和构造现象,引入空化理论解释并提出了3个假设。地震柱概念是地震地热说赖以生存的物质基础和构造基础,是与当今流行的地质学派板块构造、地质力学和地幔柱理论的最大区别。深入解读地震柱的物理属性及其构造学意义,或许能为构造地质学和地球动力学带来革命性的大讨论。

P-wave velocities of alkaline olivine basalt at high pressure and temperature and its controlling factors

SEISMIC wave inversion is one of the most important means for us to recognize the compositionand structure of the Earth’s interior.Although the experimental techniques of elastic wave ve-locity measurement at in situ high pressure and temperature develop very fast in recent

Experimental studies of electrical conductivities and P-wave velocities of gabbro at high pressures and high temperatures

The P-wave velocities and electrical conductivities of gabbro were measured using ultrasonic transmission method and impedance spectroscopy from room temperature to 1100℃ at 12 GPa, and the factors controlling the P-wave velocity and the microscopic conductance mechanisms of the rock were analyzed. The experimental results show that the P-wave velocities of gabbro drop abruptly at temperatures of 800850℃ and under pressures of 12 GPa due to the occurrence of grain boundary phases and dehydration melting; however, the electrical conductivities and electronic conduction mechanisms have not changed obviously at temperatures of 800850℃. At temperatures Below 680℃, only one impedance arc (I) corresponding to grain interior conduction occurs at frequencies between 12 Hz and 105 Hz, the second arc (II) corresponding to grain boundary conduction occurs at temperatures above 680℃. The total conductivity of this rock is dominated by the grain interior conductivity as the occurrence of grain boundary conduction has a small effect on the total conductivity. The laboratory-measured velocities are consistent with the average P-wave velocity observations of lower crust and upper mantle. The conductivity values correspond well with the gabbroite composition of the lower crust and upper mantle; however, they are about 12 orders of magnitude lower than MT data from the high conductive layers. The experiments confirm that the dehydration of hydrous minerals can induce the partial melting, and the low seismic velocity zones might be correlated with the high conductive layers if partial melting occurs.