Evaluation of the Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of <i>Nelumbo nucifera </i>Fruit in Rabbits Fed with High Cholesterol Diet

Recently use of herbal therapies and diet rich in flavonoids and vitamins has augmented significantly to manage minor to modest illnesses. Several anti-hyperlipidemic agents are currently available;however most of them have various unwanted effects. That’s why more people are switching towards safer alternatives, specially derived from plants with fewer side effects. Hence current study was focused to determine the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Nelumbo nucifera fruit in rabbits fed with high cholesterol diet. This study would surely help in the exploration of a novel agent from the plant source and therefore may recommend the application of traditional medicines in humans. 28 white healthy rabbits of either sex weighing 1000 - 1500 gm were divided into four groups. Control group was given gum tragacanth and 3 groups served as test groups and were given N. nucifera fruit extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days. Initially animals of all four groups received high cholesterol diet (HCD) 0.125 gm/kg cholesterol in 0.5% corn oil for 30 days. All drugs were given orally. Blood samples were taken thrice from the ear vein of animals, 1st after 24 hours of thirty days of HCD then again after 24 hours of thirty and forty five days dosing of N. nucifera fruit extract. The results showed remarkable cholesterol lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit extract at doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg but were particularly dominant at 200 mg/kg at which fruit extract highly significantly reduced TC, TG and LDL-C after 30 and 45 days and increased HDL-C significantly after 30 days and highly significantly after 45 days. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins and procyanidin are significant constituents of N. nucifera fruit which may have contributed in lipid lowering effects of N. nucifera fruit which can contribute in lowering the risk of CVDs and stroke but more preclinical and clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.

Biochemistry and transcriptome analysis reveal condensed tannins alleviate liver injury induced by regulating cholesterol metabolism pathway

Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins(CTs)have distinguishable effects to alleviate liver damage caused by a high cholesterol diet.Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks,and given CTs treatment at a dosage of 200 mg/(kg·day)at the same time.The results indicated that compared with mice fed a normal diet,a high cholesterol diet group resulted in significant weight loss,dysregulation of lipid metabolism in blood and liver,and oxidative stress in the liver,but CTs treatment dramatically reversed these negative effects.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and frozen section observation manifested that CTs treatment could effectively reduce the deposition of liver cholesterol and tissue necrosis caused by high cholesterol intake.CTs alleviated liver injury mainly by regulating the expression of related genes in cholesterol metabolism pathway and AMPK phosphorylation.Our results confirmed that CTs have remarkable cholesterol lowering and anti-liver injury effects in vivo.

Effect of Starvation-Refeeding Status on Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats Fed High-Cholesterol Diet

The present study investigated the effect of starvation-refeeding status on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet or a cholesterol-free diet. Twenty male and 20 female Donryu rats (age 5 weeks) were fed a cho-lesterol-free diet for 14 days. Then the male and female rats were each divided into two groups: feeding and starva-tion-refeeding groups. The feeding groups were fed the experimental diet for 3 days, and the starvation-refeeding groups fasted for 2 days followed by 3 days of feeding. Half of each of groups was fed a cholesterol-free diet and the other half was fed a high-cholesterol diet. Starvation-refeeding significantly increased the plasma free cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in both the high-cholesterol-diet-fed rats and the cholesterol-free-diet-fed rats. In the female rats, plasma total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations were significantly higher in the high-cholesterol groups than in the cholesterol-free groups, whereas TG concentration and total cholesterol/TG ratio were not significantly different among all of the groups. Liver total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester were significantly higher in the high-cholesterol groups than in the cholesterol-free groups in both male and female rats. These results suggest that starvation-refeeding affected cholesterol metabolism at least in part. The reactivity of the cholesterol me-tabolism may be different between male and female rats.

Prevalence of High Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Associated Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Jilin Province,China:A Cross-sectional Study

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases（CVDs）in patients with diabetes,and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（non-HDL-C）is a better predictor of CVDs than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）in patients with diabetes.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the distribution of non-HDL-C and the prevalence of high non-HDL-C level in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus and identify the

Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in men with cardiovascular disease： results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

Aim： To study the relationship between circulating androgens （total testosterone [TT], free testosterone [IT] and dihydrotestosterone [DHT]） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in men with and without cardiovascular disease （CVD）. Methods： Cross-sectional analyses included 1 661 baseline samples from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study （MMAS）, a population-based cohort of men ages 40-70 years. Serum hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and HDL-C was determined following precipitation of the lower density lipoproteins. CVD was determined by self-report. Analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. Results： TT and HDL-C were positively correlated in the entire sample （r = 0.11, P = 0.0001）. After adjusting for confounders, we found this relationship was mostly limited to the 209 men with CVD. Among men with CVD, TT （P = 0.0004）, iT （P = 0.0172） and DHT （P = 0.0128） were all positively correlated with HDL-C, whereas in men without CVD only TT correlated with HDL-C （P = 0.0099）. Conclusion： Our results suggest that if androgens contribute to CVD in middle-aged men, the effect is not related to a suppressive effect of endogenous T on HDL-C. （Asian JAndrol 2008 Mar; 10： 193-200）

High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection

The association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） and mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection（AAD） is unclear. From January 2007 to January 2014, a total of 928 consecutive AAD patients who were admitted within 48 h after the onset of symptoms were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether serum HDL-C level was below the normal lower limit or not. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the predictive value of HDL-C for in-hospital mortality in patients with AAD. As compared with normal HDL-C group（n=585）, low HDL-C group（n=343） had lower levels of systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin and higher levels of leukocyte, alanine aminotransferase, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urea acid. Low HDL-C group had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than normal HDL-C group（21.6% vs. 12.6%, log-rank=10.869, P=0.001）. After adjustment for baseline variables including demographics and biologic data, the increased risk of in-hospital mortality in low HDL-C group was substantially attenuated and showed no significant difference（adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–1.77; P=0.259）. Low HDL-C is strongly but not independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with AAD.

Effect of High-fat Diet on Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats and Its Association with Na^+/K^+-ATPase/Src/pERK Signaling Pathway

Summary： Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is associated with an elevated risk of developing athero- sclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes etc. Na＋/K＋-ATPase was found to regulate cholesterol synthesis, distribution and trafficking. This study aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol me- tabolism in rats and the role of Na＋/K＋-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling pathway in the process. Forty male SD rats were evenly divided into high-fat diet group and control group at random. Animals in the former group were fed on high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and those fed on basic diet served as control. Blood lipids, including total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol （HDL-C）, and low density lipoprotein-cholesteral （LDL-C） levels, were detected at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was detected in liver tissues. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes （HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2） after 12-week high-fat diet. Na＋/K＋-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling path- way-related components （Na＋/K＋-ATPase ctl, Src-PY418 and pERK1/2） were also measured by West- ern blotting. The results showed that the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat diet group than those in control group, while the HDL-C level was significantly lower in high-fat diet group at 6 weeks （P〈0.01）. High-fat diet led to an increase in the cholesterol content in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was elevated over time. The expression of HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2 was significantly sup- pressed at mRNA and protein levels after 12-week high-fat diet （P〈0.05）. Moreover, high-fat diet pro- moted the expression of Na＋/K＋-ATPase α1 but suppressed the phosphorylation of Src-PY418 and ERK1/2 at 12 weeks （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that high-fat diet regulates cholesterol metabolism, and Na＋/K＋-ATPase signaling pathway is involved in the process possibly by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-associated proteins HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2.

Relationship of Circulating High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Anemia

Circulating level of low HDLC （high-density lipoprotein cholesterol） represents a common critical risk factor for IHD （ischemic heart disease） and may further aggravate the condition in anemic subjects, as the presence of anemia itself is a threat to cardiovascular consequences. To investigate the relationship of circulating HDLC with anemia, first we determined the levels of total hemoglobin （Hb） in a total of 301 subjects （male, n = 158; female, n = 143） randomly, and then examined the circulating levels of HDLC in fasting condition. Age of the study subjects was 47.9 ~ 16.6 （mean ＋ SD） years. Both the male and female subjects were divided into three groups according to their levels of Hb. The relationship of circulating levels of HDLC with the levels of total Hb was statistically analyzed. In case of the male subjects, we found that the levels of HDLC differed significantly among the three groups with different levels of Hb （P = 0.0233） and decrease in the levels of HDLC correlated significantly with the gradual decrease of total Hb level （r = 0.2504; P = 0.0015）. In female subjects, we observed a similar trend of difference among the three groups （P = 0.0685）. However, decrease in the levels of HDLC correlated significantly with the gradual decrease of Hb level （r = 0,2199; P = 0.0083）. Altogether, this study demonstrates that decrease in the circulating HDLC is related to the gradual decrease of Hb level. This study also indicates that circulating level of HDLC may be influenced by the level of total Hb and reveals the cardiovascular risks in anemia as well.

A Possible Mechanism Linking Hyperglycemia and Reduced High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Diabetes

This study investigated the role of glucose in the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Mouse primary peritoneal macrophages were harvested and maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM) containing glucose of various concentrations.The cells were divided into 3 groups in terms of different glucose concentrations in the cultures:Control group(5.6 mmol/L glucose),high glucose concentration groups(16.7 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L glucose).ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) mRNA expression in the macrophages was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR 24,48 and 72 h after glucose treatment.The results showed that ABCA1 mRNA expression in the 16.7 mmol/L glucose group was not significantly different from that in the control group at all testing time points(P>0.05 for each).In the 30 mmol/L glucose group,macrophage ABCA1 mRNA expression was not changed significantly at 24 h(P=0.14),but was substantially decreased by 40.4% at 48 h(P=0.009) and by 48.1% at 72 h(P=0.015) as compared with that in the control group.It was concluded that ABCA1 is of vital importance for HDL-C biogenesis.High glucose may hamper HDL-C biogenesis by decreasing ABCA1 expression,which contributes to low HDL-C level in diabetes.

Lipoprotein in cholesterol transport: Highlights and recent insights into its structural basis and functional mechanism

Lipoproteins are protein-lipid macromolecular assemblies which are used to transport lipids in circulation and are key targets in cardiovascular disease （CVD）. The highly dynamic lipoprotein molecules are capable of adopting an array of conformations that is crucial to lipid transport along the cholesterol transport pathway, among which high-density lipopro- tein （HDL） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） are major players in plasma cholesterol metabolism. For a more detailed illustration of cholesterol transport process, as well as the development of therapies to prevent CVD, here we review the functional mechanism and structural basis of lipoproteins in cholesterol transport, as well as their structural dynamics in the plasma lipoprotein （HDL and LDL） elevations, in order to obtain better quantitative understandings on structure-function relationship of lipoproteins. Finally, we also provide an approach for further research on the lipoprotein in cholesterol transport.

老年女性髋部脆性骨折患者骨转换特征及其与血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的相关性

目的探讨骨转换与老年女性髋部脆性骨折(fragile hip fracture,HF)风险及与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLc)的相关性。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月年龄≥60岁女性住院骨质疏松症患者共661例,分为无骨折组(A组)266例和HF组(B组)395例。检测总胆固醇(Tch)、甘油三酯(TG)、HDLc、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLc)、骨钙素N段中分子片段(N-MID OC)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、镁(Mg)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cr)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、骨形成率(MoMF)、骨吸收率(MoMR)及骨转化率(MoT)。结果(1)HF组TP[118(108,128)vs 124(114,131)]、Alb[38.4±3.7 vs 40.0±4.3]、HDLc[1.51(1.24,1.71)vs 1.54(1.37,1.73)]、Ca[2.21±0.12 vs 2.29±0.12]、P[1.03±0.16 vs 1.08±0.17]含量较无骨折组降低,年龄[76(68,83)vs 73(67,78)]、β-CTX[0.57(0.40,0.77)vs 0.34(0.19,0.56)]、MoMR[1.84(1.30,2.51)vs 1.09(0.61,1.83)]及MoT[2.16(1.56,2.85)vs 1.56(1.09,2.38)]较无骨折组增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。N-MID OC、MoMF、Urea、Cr、Cys-C、eGFR、Tch、TG、LDLc及Mg差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)老年女性HF与HDLc、TP、ALB、Ca、P、Mg呈负相关(r=-0.09、-0.26、-0.16、-0.28、-0.12、-0.03,P<0.05),与年龄、β-CTX、MoMR、MoT呈正相关(r=0.17、0.36、0.36、0.26,P<0.05),与N-MID OC、MoMF、Urea、Cr、Cys-C、eGFR、Tch、TG、LDLc无相关性(P>0.05)。(3)年龄、MoT、TP、Ca、P为老年女性HF的风险因素,OR分别为1.03(95%CI:1.01~1.06)、1.75(95%CI:1.44~2.12)、0.96(95%CI:0.92~0.99)、0.06(95%CI:0.01~0.37)、0.18(95%CI:0.06~0.6),P<0.05。(4)HDLc与骨转化间存在“U”型关系,P<0.01,其切点为1.692 mmol/L。结论高骨转换是老年女性HF的危险因素,其骨转化率与HDLc存在U型相关。

补饲胆固醇对高温环境下湖羊母羊繁殖性能和血清生化指标的影响

【目的】研究饲粮中添加胆固醇对中国南方夏季湖羊发情率、受胎率和血清生化指标的影响。【方法】选择108只体重相近(33.60 kg±1.86 kg)的健康湖羊母羊,其中30只湖羊在非高温季节(4月份,平均最高温度20.9℃±3.2℃)饲粮添加不同剂量胆固醇(0.1%和0.5%),ELISA方法检测血清中胆固醇含量的动态变化,筛选合适的胆固醇添加量;另外78只湖羊随机分成2组(对照组和试验组),试验期63 d(从同期发情处理第1天到自然发情后配种的第30天),在夏季高温季节(7-9月份,平均最高温度31.3℃±2.6℃),对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加0.1%胆固醇的基础饲粮,ELISA方法检测血清中雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P4)水平,研究饲粮添加胆固醇对湖羊发情率、受胎率和血清生化指标的影响。【结果】非高温季节湖羊基础饲粮中分别添加0.1%和0.5%胆固醇,48 h后两组湖羊血清中胆固醇含量趋于一致,据此选择0.1%作为高温季节补饲胆固醇的添加剂量。夏季高温季节在补饲0.1%胆固醇的第3、30和63天均能显著提高湖羊血清中胆固醇含量(P<0.05);且试验组湖羊自然发情率(89.7%)高于对照组(82.1%)(P>0.05),受胎率(60.0%)显著高于对照组(46.9%)(P<0.05)。试验组湖羊总蛋白、球蛋白、白细胞介素-1和甘油三酯含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而尿素氮含量显著下降(P<0.05)。【结论】夏季高温环境下,在湖羊母羊饲粮中添加0.1%胆固醇可有效提高其发情率和受胎率。

An Analysis of Health Factors Affecting Employees’ Absenteeism: Influences of HDL Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels

Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.

急性病毒性肝炎患者凝血四项、血脂指标水平及其预后评估价值分析

目的分析急性病毒性肝炎(AVH)患者凝血四项、血脂指标水平及其评估预后的价值。方法选取2020年1月1日至2022年1月31日收治的300例AVH作为研究组,300例体检健康人员作为对照组。比较2组一般资料、凝血四项[凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)]。研究组均行常规抗病毒、护肝治疗,比较研究组不同治疗效果患者治疗前后凝血四项、血脂指标,并分析治疗前凝血四项、血脂指标与治疗效果的相关性及预测治疗效果的价值。结果研究组外周血PT、APTT、TT长于对照组,FIB、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平低于对照组,TG水平高于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组治疗效果为无效患者治疗前、治疗后外周血PT、APTT、TT长于有效、显效患者,有效患者长于显效患者(P<0.05);FIB、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平低于有效、显效患者,有效患者低于显效患者,TG水平高于有效、显效患者,有效患者高于显效患者(P<0.05);研究组治疗后外周血PT、APTT、TT、TG水平与治疗效果呈负相关,FIB、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C与治疗效果呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗前凝血四项与血脂指标联合预测AVH患者治疗效果的曲线下面积为0.937(95%CI为0.903,0.962),预测敏感度、特异度分别为85.21%、88.61%,明显优于凝血四项、血脂指标单独预测(P<0.01)。结论AVH患者凝血四项、血脂指标存在明显异常,且治疗前凝血四项与血脂指标联合检测在预测治疗效果方面具有较高价值。

总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值同肩袖撕裂的相关性

目的 探讨总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值同肩袖撕裂发生的相关性。方法 选取2018年1月至2023年6月期间在昆山市中医医院骨科住院行肩关节镜手术治疗的患者797例,其中男259例,女538例;年龄40~79岁,平均(58.86±8.73)岁。按照是否存在肩袖撕裂分为肩袖撕裂组559例及非肩袖撕裂组238例。收集患者基本信息及实验室检查结果,使用多因素Logistics回归分析探讨总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值同肩袖撕裂发生的相关性。结果 肩袖撕裂组的年龄、空腹血糖、中性粒细胞、总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值高于非肩袖撕裂组。肩袖撕裂组的血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、血清镁及血清磷水平低于非肩袖撕裂组。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值同肩袖撕裂的发生有关。肩袖撕裂的患病率在总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值四个四分位呈升高的趋势(21.65%、24.15%、25.76%及28.44%)。结论 血脂异常与肩袖撕裂具有相关性,总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值越高,肩袖撕裂发生的风险越大。

同型半胱氨酸、胱抑素C、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与脑小血管病患者认知障碍的关系

目的 探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与脑小血管病(CSVD)患者认知障碍的关系。方法 回顾性选取2021年8月至2023年6月浙江中医药大学附属温州市中医院收治的119例CSVD患者为研究对象,根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)评分分为认知障碍组62例,认知正常组57例;比较两组患者临床资料。采用多因素logistic回归分析CSVD患者发生认知障碍的影响因素,采用ROC曲线分析HDL-C、Hcy、Cys C对CSVD患者发生认知障碍的预测效能,采用Pearson相关分析这些实验室指标与CSVD认知障碍患者Mo CA评分的相关性。结果 认知障碍组高血压、糖尿病比例以及Hcy、Cys C水平均高于认知正常组,HDL-C、白蛋白水平均低于认知正常组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高血压(OR=4.221)、糖尿病(OR=3.059)、HDL-C(OR=0.070)、Hcy(OR=1.176)、Cys C(OR=1.178)均是CSVD患者发生认知障碍的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。HDL-C、Hcy、Cys C预测CSVD患者发生认知障碍的AUC分别为0.723、0.807、0.799。HDL-C与CSVD认知障碍患者Mo CA评分呈正相关(r=0.362,P=0.004),而Hcy、Cys C与Mo CA评分均呈负相关(r=-0.410、-0.394,均P<0.01)。结论 HDL-C、Hcy、Cys C与CSVD患者认知障碍的发生关系密切,可为认知障碍的诊断与防治提供参考。

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、同型半胱氨酸水平与丘脑梗死患者认知障碍及预后的相关性

目的探讨非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与丘脑梗死患者认知障碍及预后的相关性。方法选择2017年3月至2021年3月濮阳市人民医院收治的丘脑梗死患者80例为研究对象。根据蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)量表得分将患者分为认知障碍组(MoCA评分<26分,n=35)和认知正常组(MoCA评分26~30分,n=45);另选择同期健康体检者50例作为对照组。采用全自动生物化学分析仪检测所有受试者血清中总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、Hcy水平,并计算non-HDL-C水平。采用Perason相关分析non-HDL-C、Hcy水平与MoCA评分的相关性,受试者操作特征曲线分析non-HDL-C、Hcy水平诊断丘脑梗死患者认知障碍的效能。根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将丘脑梗死患者分为预后良好组(mRS评分≤2分,n=50)和预后不良组(mRS评分3~6分,n=50),采用多因素logistic回归分析丘脑梗死患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结果认知障碍组患者血清non-HDL-C、Hcy水平显著高于认知正常组和对照组(P<0.05);对照组与认知正常组受试者血清non-HDL-C、Hcy水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。丘脑梗死患者non-HDL-C、Hcy水平与MoCA评分均呈负相关(P<0.05)。Hcy水平诊断认知障碍的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.709,敏感度为0.724,特异度为0.630;non-HDL-C水平诊断认知障碍的AUC为0.738,敏感度为0.701,特异度为0.870;Hcy联合non-HDL-C诊断认知障碍的AUC为0.769,敏感度为0.758,特异度为0.889。Hcy联合non-HDL-C诊断认知障碍的效能优于non-HDL-C、Hcy单独诊断。心房颤动及non-HDL-C、Hcy水平和NIHSS评分升高是丘脑梗死患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论non-HDL-C、Hcy水平均与丘脑梗死患者认知障碍呈正相关,non-HDL-C、Hcy水平可用于诊断丘脑梗死患者认知障碍,且联合检测诊断效果更优。心房颤动及non-HDL-C、Hcy水平和NIHSS评分升高是丘脑梗死患者预后不良的独立危险因素。

The Prevalence of Smoking in Caribbean Towns and Correlation with Disease States: A Survey

Background: Smoking continues to be one of the most popular recreational practices despite its known harmful effects. Aim: The purpose of this survey was to assess the prevalence of smoking in the Caribbean and the correlation of smoking with the disease states of high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol whose risk is known to be higher among smokers. Findings: Our study found a smoking prevalence of 22% in the population, similar to that reported by the World Health Organization (20%) and a positive correlation between smoking and diabetes. Conclusion: The survey shows that smoking numbers within the population are still high and that smoking increases the risk of certain disease states within smokers. Aggressive global efforts to reduce smoking should continue so as to minimize the negative impact of smoking on health.

身体质量指数联合三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值预测2型糖尿病风险

目的利用体检指标中身体质量指数(BMI)和三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,TG/HDL-C)联合预测2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)发病风险。方法基于瑞慈医疗集团2010—2016年体检人群的数据库,通过Cox比例风险模型观测不同BMI的人群基线TG/HDL-C对随访期间T2DM风险的影响,并分析TG/HDL-C与BMI是否存在交互作用。结果在随访期间,13685例研究对象中共有315例最终诊断为T2DM。以BMI=24 kg/m^(2)为界,将所有研究对象分成两个亚组。BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组共有8238例研究对象,96例在随访结束时患T2DM,对潜在的混杂因素进行调整后,升高的TG/HDL-C导致T2DM事件的风险较高[HR 95%CI=1.47(1.23,1.74),P<0.001]。与最低五分位数(Q1)相比,升高的TG/HDL-C五分位数(Q2~Q5)T2DM发病率增加[HR 95%CI分别为:0.73(0.28,1.93)、2.75(1.29,5.85)、2.81(1.28,6.20)和3.91(1.51,10.11)]。BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)的亚组共有5447例研究对象,219例在随访结束时患T2DM。在两个亚组中,随着TG/HDL-C的增加,T2DM患病风险均呈非线性增加,这一变化在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组更为明显。绘制两个亚组TG/HDLC与3年和5年T2DM发病的ROC曲线,在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组中,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.72和0.77。在BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)的亚组中,ROC曲线下面积则分别为0.55和0.57。结论在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的人群中,TG/HDL-C的升高提示T2DM患病风险显著增加。

MHR、NLR与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的关系

目的探究单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年12月蚌埠第一人民医院收治的110例急性缺血性脑卒中患者的病历资料。收集患者的基线资料,根据患者90 d时电话随访结果分为预后良好组和预后不佳组。采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析影响患者预后的高危因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估MHR、NLR对急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓患者预后的预测效能。结果110例急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后良好76例(69.09%),预后不佳34例(30.91%)。预后不佳组患者的白细胞计数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数、MHR、NLR高于预后良好组(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、淋巴细胞计数低于预后良好组(P<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示,白细胞计数[O^R=4.125(95%CI:1.409,12.068)]、NIHSS评分[O^R=4.860(95%CI:1.662,14.218)]、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[O^R=0.234(95%CI:0.080,0.685)]、中性粒细胞计数[O^R=3.991(95%CI:1.364,11.676)]、单核细胞计数[O^R=3.529(95%CI:1.206,10.325)]、淋巴细胞计数[O^R=0.248(95%CI:0.085,0.724)]、MHR[O^R=3.445(95%CI:1.178,10.079)]、NLR[O^R=4.043(95%CI:1.382,11.829)]均为急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后不佳的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,MHR、NLR单一及联合预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的敏感性分别为82.35%(95%CI:0.648,0.926)、79.41%(95%CI:0.616,0.907)、85.29%(95%CI:0.682,0.944);特异性分别为76.32%(95%CI:0.649,0.850)、73.92%(95%CI:0.641,0.835)、88.16%(95%CI:0.782,0.941);曲线下面积分别为0.790(95%CI:0.712,0.869)、0.801(95%CI:0.732,0.891)、0.875(95%CI:0.810,0.940)。结论MHR、NLR水平与急性缺血性脑卒中患者的预后密切相关,且可用于预测患者的短期预后。