Preparation of High Activity Admixture from Steel Slag,Phosphate Slag and Limestone Powder

The problem of low disposal and utilization rate of bulk industrial solid waste needs to be solved.In this paper,a high-activity admixture composed of steel slag-phosphate slag-limestone powder was proposed for most of the solid waste with low activity and a negative impact on concrete workability,combining the characteristics of each solid waste.The paper demonstrates the feasibility and explains the principle of the composite system in terms of water requirement of standard consistency,setting time,workability,and mechanical properties,combined with the composition of the phases,hydration temperature,and microscopic morphology.The results showed that the steel slag:phosphate slag:limestone=5:2:3 gave the highest activity of the composite system,over 92%.Besides,the composite system had no significant effect on water demand and setting time compared to cement,and it could significantly increase the 7 and 28 d activity of the system.The composite system delayed the exothermic hydration of the cement and reduced the exothermic heat but had no effect on the hydration products.Therefore,the research in this paper dramatically improved the solid waste dissipation in concrete,reduced the amount of cement in concrete and positively responded to the national slogan of carbon neutral and peaking.

Preparation of High Impermeable and Crack-resistance Chemical Admixture and Its Mechanism

A kind of high impermeable and crack-resistance chemical admixture ( HICRCA) was prepared , which is a compound chemical admixture composed of an expansion ingredient, density ingredient, and organic hydrophobic poreblocking ingredient. The results of the experiments indicate that the addition of HICRCA improves mortar and concrete in the following performances: (1) perfect workability: slump is more than 22cm, theslump afar 3h is about 16cm; (2) high impermeability:for the mortar, the pervious height under a water pressure of 1.5MPa is 1.5cm,for the concrete, the pervious height under a water pressure of 5.0MPa is 2. 2cm;(3) high crack-resistance: there is a micro-expansion at the age of 90d; (4) high compressivestrength: compared with the controlled concrete, the compressive strengths at the age of 3d and 2Sd are improved by 66.4% and 62.0% , respectively. At the same time, the effects of different curing condition on mortar and concrete expansive andshrinkage performance were studied. In addition, the impermeable and crack-resistance mechanism, was investigatedin the present paper.

INFLUENCE OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

The improvements of the mechanical properties, including bulk density of fresh mixtures, elastic modulus, and compressive strengths of four high-performance concrete mixtures, made with the addition of fly ash, refined ground blast - furnace microslag (microslag) and silica fume are studied. The concrete mixtures were determined based on the dispersion testing results. The study indicates that the elastic modulus at 28 and 91 days, and compressive strengths of the concretes are improved a lot when fly ash and microslag by 25 percent by weight of cement are added into the mixtures individually. The improvement is especially evident when silica fume by 5 percent and fly ash by 25 percent by weight of cement are added together into the mixture, while the fresh concrete mixture keeps a good workability. Through the analysis of chemically combined water ratios of the four mixtures at various hydration ages, it is found that the addition of all these mineral mixtures are beneficial to the hydration process, especially, at later stages, which might be one of the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties. (Author abstract) 4 Refs.

Influence of shrinkage-reducing admixture on drying shrinkage and mechanical properties of high-performance concrete

High-performance concrete （HPC） has specific performance advantages over conventional concrete in strength and durability. HPC mixtures are usually produced with water/binder mass ratios （mW/mB） in the range of 0.2-0.4, so volume changes of concrete as a result of drying, chemical reactions, and temperature change cannot be avoided. For these reasons, shrinkage and cracking are frequent phenomena. It is necessary to add some types of admixture for reduction of shrinkage and cracking of HPC. This study used a shrinkage-reducing admixture （SRA） for that purpose. Concrete was prepared with two different mW/mB （0.22 and 0.40） and four different mass fractions of SRA to binder （w（SRA） = 0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%）. The mineral admixtures used for concrete mixes were： 25% fly ash （FA） and 25% slag by mass of binder for the mixture with mW/mB = 0.40, and 15% silica fume （SF） and 25% FA for the mixture with mW/mB = 0.22. Tests were conducted on 24 prismatic specimens, and shrinkage strains were measured through 120 days of drying. Compressive strength, splitting strength, and static modulus of elasticity were also determined. The results show that the SRA effectively reduces some mechanical properties of HPC. The reductions in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the concrete were 7%-24%, 9%-19%, and 5%-12%, respectively, after 90 days, compared to concrete mixtures without SRA. SRA can also help reduce drying shrinkage of concrete. The shrinkage strains of HPC with SRA were only as high as 41% of the average free shrinkage of concrete without SRA after 120 days of drying.

Anti-chloride permeability and anti-chloride corrodibility of a green high performance concrete admixture in concrete

The effects of green high performance concrete (GHPC) admixture on the anti-chloride permeability and anti- chloride corrodibility of concrete are studied by a series of experiments designed on the basis of the diffusion principle and electro-chemical principle. The GHPC admixture consists of fly ash, gangue, slag, red mud, etc., of which the mass fraction of industrial residues is over 96 %. The anti-permeabilities and anti-corrodibilities of the tested GHPC and normal concrete (NC) are evaluated by the Diffusion Coefficients of chloride which was obtained by measuring the concentration of chloride in the tested systems by the voltage difference method. It is found that the adoption of GHPC admixture greatly improves the anti-chloride permeability and anti-chloride corrodibility by modifying the inner structure and contracting the porosity of concrete to the reduce considerably the diffusion rate of chloride. The admixture is desirable regarding its engineering performances as well as economical and environmental interests.

THE SLUMP RETENTION OF N-2000 HIGH-RANGE WATER-REDUCING AND RETARDING ADMIXTURE

N-2000 is an admixture for concrete, with a low slump loss, high range water-reducing ratio and long-time retarding. The N-2000 is made up of naphthalene-sulfonic-maldehyde polycondensation (NSMP) and ATMP. Its characteristic results from the synergistic effects of NSMP and ATMP. The results show that when 0.7%-1.2% of N-2000 is added to concrete (by mass of cement), the water reducing ratio is up to 20%-30%, and the slump of fresh concrete can be retained for 2 hours without significant loss. N-2000 can not only improve the workability of fresh concrete but also increase the strength of the hardened concrete, especially early strength. It is also proved to have a good compatibility with various cements.

Properties and Microstructure of Marine Concrete with Composite Mineral Admixture

The influences of compositing mineral admixtures on the regularity of mechanical property, workability, durability and microstructure of C50 marine concrete were investigated. The results show that the incorporation of mineral admixtures can improve the mechanical properties and workability of C50 marine concrete, 3 min-doped mineral admixture had excellent resistance to chloride ion permeability. The microscopic structure mixing mineral admixtures system was well-distributed and compact, little macroporeare can be found.

Effect of Some Admixtures on the Hydration of Silica Fume and Hydrated Lime

The effects of sodium salt of naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonic acid and stearic acid on the hydration of silica fume and Ca(OH)2 have been investigated. The hydration was carried out at 60℃ and W/S ratio of 4 for various time intervals namely, 1, 3, 7 and 28 days and in the presence of 0, 2% and 5% superplasticizer and stearic acid. The results of the hydration kinetics show that both admixtures accelerate the hydration reaction of silica fume and calcium hydroxide during the first 7 days. Whereas, after 28 days hydration there is no significant effect. Generally, most of free calcium hydroxide seems to be consumed after 28 days. In addition, the phase composition as well as the microstructure of the formed hydrates was examined by using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively.

Research on Development and Performance of Active Admixture

Comparing with that of low-calcium fly ash (LF) or fly dreg (FD), chemical content of high-calcium fly ash (HF) waves more much. Coarse grain, which existing in HF, would determine soundness more seriously than fine one. Grinding it is a simple method to result this problem. Because of with thiner specific surface and higher CaO content, fine grain exhibits higher activity of hydration than coarse one. Activity of active admixture (AF), which is produced by ways of grinding HF together with calcium carbide sludge (CS), desulfurize gypsum (DG), calcine desulfurize gypsum (CG) and NS (Na2SO4+FeSO4), can catch up with that of grinding blast furnace slag (GBFS) powder with about 400 m2/kg specific surface. AF costs lower than GBFS. 20% cement replaced by the equal amount of AF, compression strength of concrete is similar to that control one, and electrifies coulomb of concrete at 90 day's age reduces to about half of control one.

The application study of polycarboxylates water-reducing admixture in passenger dedicated line engineering

Polycarboxylate water-reducing admixture possesses the capability which could meet with the comprehensive performance of high performance concrete used in passenger dedicated line engineering.The problems of polycarboxylates water-reducing admixtures existed in the engineering application of were analyzed.At present the key for polycarboxylates application was to settle the compatibility between the water-reducing admixture and the cement and to keep the quality retention of this admixture.

冻融循环下掺合料对UHPC强度影响规律研究

为研究冻融循环下掺合料对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)强度的影响,以硅粉(10%、15%、20%)、偏高岭土(5%、10%、15%)、镀铜钢纤维(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%)为掺合料,开展冻融前后UHPC抗压和抗折强度试验。建立岭回归模型分析UHPC冻融前后强度变化,并对影响UHPC冻融后强度变化的关键因素进行分析。结果表明:UHPC的强度随硅粉、偏高岭土掺量的增加先增加后减小,随镀铜钢纤维掺量的增加而增大;冻融循环500次后UHPC的抗压和抗折强度均有所下降,抗压强度下降11%~15%,抗折强度下降13%~16%;三种掺料对UHPC强度的影响大小为:镀铜钢纤维>偏高岭土>硅粉。硅粉、偏高岭土、镀铜钢纤维对UHPC强度影响明显。

高镁磷尾矿作为矿物掺合料应用于混凝土性能研究

高镁磷尾矿是磷矿反浮选过程产生的固体废弃物,主要矿物相为白云石、少量氟磷灰石和石英。将磷尾矿烘干粉磨后制成磷尾矿粉,分析了磷尾矿粉粒径分布、毒害性,参照GB/T51003—2014《矿物掺合料应用技术规范》测定了磷尾矿粉相关性能指标。以水泥、磷尾矿粉、粉煤灰为凝胶材料,制备了不同强度等级C30、C40、C50及C60混凝土,测定了混凝土工作性能、力学性能,并分析了掺磷尾矿粉水泥浆不同水化龄期的矿物组成。结果表明,经过烘干粉磨后,磷尾矿粒径D_(90)由133.1μm降至63.4μm,烧失量为39%、28d活性指数为70%、亚甲蓝值小于1.4、流动度比大于100%。当磷尾矿粉占总凝胶材料10%时配制的C60混凝土,坍落度为230mm、28d强度为64.1MPa、90 d强度为78.6 MPa;在养护龄期为90 d时,磷尾矿粉水泥硬化体中出现新矿物相水滑石,有利于混凝土后期强度增长。磷尾矿粉可作为矿物掺合料用于制备混凝土。

大掺量固废混凝土的制备及性能研究

将粉煤灰、矿粉、不同类型的钢渣粉按不同质量比(mF∶mK∶mG分别为60∶32∶8、60∶28∶12、60∶24∶16、50∶40∶10、50∶35∶15、50∶30∶20)制备了三元复合掺合料,确定了最佳钢渣粉类型和mF∶mK∶mG。在此基础上,通过调整砂率、水胶比、减水剂掺量等方式制备了大掺量固废混凝土(固废总量≥70%),研究了其工作性、力学及耐久性能。结果表明:综合考虑胶砂流动度、三元复合掺合料的活性指数、经济性和环境效益,推荐选用原状钢渣粉,并控制mF∶mK∶mG为60∶32∶8;制备的大掺量固废混凝土的工作性、力学及耐久性能均较好,满足相关设计要求,并推荐采用聚羧酸减水剂,不推荐采用以萘系减水剂与脂肪族减水剂复配而成的复合减水剂。

经济环保型超高性能混凝土力学性能试验研究

为了减少制备超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete,UHPC)消耗大量水泥造成的CO_(2)高排放,降低施工成本,推广UHPC的应用。研究使用工业副产品作为矿物掺合物部分取代水泥、机制砂或海砂完全取代石英砂在标准养护条件下制备的经济环保型UHPC的力学性能。结果表明:硅灰的掺入提高了UHPC的抗折和抗压强度,当硅灰掺量为30%时,UHPC试件的28 d抗压和抗折强度较基准组分别提高了20.89%和27.30%;粉煤灰和矿粉的掺入均会降低UHPC的抗折和抗压强度;钢纤维的掺入能够显著提高UHPC的强度,掺入2.0%的钢纤维时,UHPC试件的抗折和抗压强度分别提高了9.75%和56.21%;采用机制砂或海砂完全取代石英砂制备的UHPC试件的28 d抗折和抗压强度仅出现略微下降。制备的经济环保型机制砂或海砂UHPC具有良好的力学性能,可应用于工程结构。

矿渣粉掺合料对C50高性能混凝土综合性能的影响

矿渣粉通常被用作矿物掺合料来制备高性能混凝土,以S95级矿渣粉和C50高性能混凝土为研究对象,评价了不同矿渣粉掺量对C50高性能混凝土综合性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着S95级矿渣粉掺量的不断增大,C50高性能混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能、抗开裂性能、抗水渗透性能、抗收缩性能、抗冻性能和抗碳化能力均呈现出“先增强后减弱”的趋势,存在一个最佳的掺量使C50高性能混凝土的综合性能达到最佳,在文中所述的试验条件下,推荐S95级矿渣粉的最佳掺量为20%,此时C50高性能混凝土综合性能最佳。研究结果认为,S95级矿渣粉可以用作C50高性能混凝土的掺合料,合适掺量的矿渣粉不但能够有效降低混凝土中水泥的用量,还能有效提高混凝土的综合性能。

粉煤灰和矿渣复合掺料对高性能混凝土力学性能和耐久性的影响

本文探究了由粉煤灰和矿渣组成的复合掺料,对高性能混凝土力学性能与耐久性的影响。在试验中,制作了0.47、0.30、0.25三种水灰比的混凝土试件,每种试件下改变复合掺料中粉煤灰与矿渣的比例,验证复合掺料与混凝土抗压强度及干缩率的关系。试验表明,在水灰比较小时,掺入复合掺料代替一部分水泥,可以提高混凝土的后期抗压强度,降低其干缩率;在复合掺料中,当粉煤灰的掺量一定时,矿渣的掺量越多,混凝土的力学性能和耐久性越好。由此可得,在保证混凝土配合比设计合理的前提下,适当掺入粉煤灰和矿渣,减少水泥的用量,能改善混凝土的力学性能,并延长其使用寿命。

基于无机-有机激发体系的硅锰渣基早高强喷射混凝土的研制与应用

本文根据早高强喷射混凝土的性能要求、施工环境及硅锰渣的性能特点,采用单因素试验及正交试验方法,研究了早高强喷射混凝土掺合料各组分对喷射混凝土性能的影响,制备出一种硅锰渣基早高强喷射混凝土并在实际工程中施工应用。结果表明:激发剂按亚硝酸钠∶硫酸锂∶二乙醇单异丙醇胺质量比1∶1∶1进行混合,早高强喷射混凝土各组分的最佳配合比为激发剂掺量0.6%、铝酸盐水泥掺量7%、硅锰渣粉掺量40%、六水合氟硅酸镁掺量0.5%、粉剂聚羧酸减水剂掺量1%、粘度改性剂掺量1%、普通硅酸盐水泥49.9%。该配合比制备的早高强喷射混凝土在实际工程施工中,和易性良好,能保持2 h工作性能不变,8 h抗压强度大于10 MPa,1 d抗压强度大于20 MPa,7 d抗压强度大于30 MPa,28 d抗压强度大于45 MPa,回弹率8%。

复合型掺合料高性能混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能研究

本文选用乌鲁木齐地区水泥、掺合料、外加剂等原材料,制备不同的高性能混凝土试件,从硫酸盐侵蚀的机理入手,研究掺加复合型掺合料高性能混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。结果表明:当水胶比为0.40或0.35,掺加30%复合型掺合料时,高性能混凝土可以抵抗SO_(2)^(2-)浓度10000mg/L及以下硫酸盐环境水的侵蚀;水胶比≤0.30、掺30%复合型掺合料的高性能混凝土,与水胶比≤0.40、掺50%复合型掺合料的高性能混凝土均能抵抗SO_(4)^(2-)浓度20250mg/L及以下硫酸盐环境水的侵蚀;水胶比和复合型掺合料的掺量均是影响高性能混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的重要因素,随着水胶比的降低,高性能混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力逐渐增强,而在相同水胶比条件下,随着复合型掺合料掺量的降低,与之相对应的高性能混凝土的抗侵蚀能力随之下降。

Carbonation Resistance of Sulphoaluminate Cement-based High Performance Concrete

The influences of water/cement ratio and admixtures on carbonation resistance of sulphoaluminate cement-based high performance concrete （HPC） were investigated. The experimental results show that with the decreasing water/cement ratio, the carbonation depth of sulphoaluminate cement-based HPC is decreased remarkably, and the carbonation resistance capability is also improved with the adding admixtures. The morphologies and structure characteristics of sulphoaluminate cement hydration products before and after carbonation were analyzed using SEM and XRD. The analysis results reveal that the main hydration product of sulphoaluminate cement, that is ettringite （AFt）, decomposes after carbonation.

Performances of the High Strength Low Heat Pump Concrete (HLPC)

The effects of mineral admixtures on fluidity,mechanical and hydrational exothermic behavior were studied.The results show that,double adding ways,i e,fly ash and slag were added at the same time,not only improves the fluidity of fresh concrete with low W/B and compensates the lower early compressive strength of harden concrete caused by high adding amount of fly ash, but also greatly reduces the highest temperature rise, exothermic rate and total heat liberation of 3 day of binder pastes in HLPC, and postponed the arrival time of the highest temperature rise. HLPC was prepared and applied to project practice successfully.