Influencing factors of ocular pain in dry eye disease patients at high altitude

AIM:To quantify the severity and frequency of ocular pain in Tibetan plateau patients with dry eye,and to evaluate the related factors affecting ocular pain.METHODS:A retrospective study included 160 cases of dry eye disease(DED)patients who were treated from July 2022 to June 2023.Age,gender,occupation,illness course,anxiety,plateau duration,plateau protection,ocular surface disease index scale(OSDI),break-up time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIT),conjunctivitis,history of ophthalmic medication,autoimmune disease,the workload of daily near vision range,smoking and overnight stay were obtained via comprehensive ophthalmic assessment,and their duration was followed up.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the related factors affecting ocular pain.RESULTS:Totally 77.5%(124/160)of DED patients had ocular pain,of which the severity of ocular pain was mild,moderate,and severe in 30.0%,36.3%,and 11.3%of patients,respectively.Frequency of ocular pain was reported occasional,half the time,frequent,and persistent pain in 19.4%,36.9%,16.9%,and 4.4%.OSDI score was 19.67±5.70(13 to 36),and the level of pain was lowly correlated with OSDI(rs=0.316,P<0.001).Logistic regression showed that in plateau DED patients,increased anxiety led to increased severity and frequency of ocular pain[odds ratio(OR)=3.662,5.613,2.387,and 4.870;all P<0.05],professional eye protection and improvement of daily sleep quantity decreased pain(OR=0.307,0.572,0.418,and 0.789;all P<0.05),while smoking and general protection of plateau did not affect the severity and frequency of ocular pain(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Ocular pain is a common complaint in high-altitude DED patients during the pandemic.Anxiety,eye protection,and adequate sleep during the epidemic period are significantly associated with the severity and frequency of ocular pain in patients with plateau DED,while symptoms of DED have relatively little influence on them.

High energy density in ultra-thick and flexible electrodes enabled by designed conductive agent/binder composite

Thick electrodes can increase incorporation of active electrode materials by diminishing the proportion of inactive constituents,improving the overall energy density of batteries.However,thick electrodes fabricated using the conventional slurry casting approach frequently exhibit an exacerbated accumulation of carbon additives and binders on their surfaces,invariably leading to compromised electrochemical properties.In this study,we introduce a designed conductive agent/binder composite synthesized from carbon nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene.This agent/binder composite facilitates production of dry-process-prepared ultra-thick electrodes endowed with a three-dimensional and uniformly distributed percolative architecture,ensuring superior electronic conductivity and remarkable mechanical resilience.Using this approach,ultra-thick LiCoO_(2)(LCO) electrodes demonstrated superior cycling performance and rate capabilities,registering an impressive loading capacity of up to 101.4 mg/cm^(2),signifying a 242% increase in battery energy density.In another analytical endeavor,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to clarify the distribution of cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI) in cycled LCO electrodes.The results provide unprecedented evidence explaining the intricate correlation between CEI generation and carbon distribution,highlighting the intrinsic advantages of the proposed dry-process approach in fine-tu ning the CEI,with excellent cycling performance in batteries equipped with ultra-thick electrodes.

Determination of critical state line(CSL)for silty-sandy iron ore tailings subjected to low-high confining pressures

The disposal of filtered tailings in high dry stacks can induce particle breakage,changing the material's behaviour during the structure's lifetime.The grading changes influence material properties at the critical state,and this is not mature for intermediate artificial soils(tailings)in a broad range of confining pressures.In this paper,it aims to describe the behaviour of iron ore tailings in a spectrum of confining pressures broader than the reported in previous studies.A series of consolidated drained(CD)triaxial tests was carried out with confining pressures ranging from 0.075 MPa to 120 MPa.These results show that the amount of breakage plays an essential role in the response of iron ore tailings.The existence of curved critical state line(CSL)in both specific volume(ν)-logarithm of mean effective stress(p′)and deviatoric stress(q)-mean effective stress(p′)planes,and different responses in the deviatoric stress-axial strain-volumetric strain curves were verified.An inverse S-shaped equation was proposed to represent the silty-sandy tailings'behaviour up to high pressures onν-lnp′plane.The proposed equation provides a basis for enhancing constitutive models and considers the evolution of the grading up to severe loading conditions.The adjustment considered three regions with different responses associated with particle breakage at different pressure levels.

DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENT OF NEW AlTiN COATED DRILLS FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY DRY DRILLING OF 40Cr

Two new AlTiN coated cemented carbide drills with Al content of 40% and 55% in weight are developed for high efficiency dry drilling of 40Cr. By studying tool durability, machined hole quality, tool wear mechanism, chip deformation, and lubrication, the dry drilling performance of the two kinds of coated drills is analyzed. Experimental results show that the AlTiN coated drills are suitable for high efficiency dry drilling and can obtain higher quality of machined holes. The tool durability of the drill with 55% Al content is 1. 3 times of that of the drill with 40% Al content at the cutting speed of 90 m/min. The wear mechanism of two AlTiN coatings are studied in experiments. During dry drilling process, oxidative wear appears in both two kinds of drills. The oxide film is formed on the top of the coated drill containing Al content of 55%. And the oxide film helps to increase its high temperature resistance and decrease the coating flaking, thus the drill is failed because of coating subsidence. The drill with less Al content is failed due to peeling and breakage. The lubricated condition in dry drilling is improved by the high Al content coating. It helps to reduce the cutting deformation and benefits to improve the quality of machined holes. The AlTiN coating with higher Al content shows longer tool life and higher quality of machined holes in high efficiency dry drilling. Its tool life increases by 30% compared with that of the coating with less Al content.

Effect of SAP on Properties of High Performance Concrete under Marine Wetting and Drying Cycles

The internal curing effect of superabsorbent polymer(SAP) on the properties of high performance concrete(HPC) under marine wetting and drying cycles(WD cycles) was investigated. Compressive strength, hydration and chloride migration were experimentally investigated and the results were evaluated by compasison with those under fresh water curing(FW). Water absorption and porosity were also evaluated only under WD cycles. The results showed the important influence of wetting and drying cycles on the properties of SAP modified HPC properties. Carefully designed, SAP minimized the long-term compressive strength of HPC under marine WD cycles. The hydration rate was faster in the initial curing, but became lower as compared with that cured in FW. In addition, SAP improved the long-term water absorption resistance and chloride migration resistance of HPC under marine WD cycles. The examination of the porosity showed a lower increase of the volume of capillary pores in SAP modified HPC under long term WD cycles compared with that without SAP. Therefore, internal curing by SAP could improve the durability properties of HPC under marine WD cycles.

Volatile Organic Compound Emissions when Drying Wood Particles at High Dewpoints

Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during drying of wood particles for particleboard manufacture, or for production of refined biofuels, is a potential environmental problem. The aim of this work is to study the emissions of VOCs during drying, and the influence on the emissions by different drying parameters.The experiments have mainly been done in a batch fluidized bed dryer, but measurements have also been done in a, pilot scale, continuous fluidized bed dryer. The parameters studied are air flow rate through the bed, air temperature, air dewpoint, and bed height. Since the present trend in biofuels and particle drying is towards very high dewpoints during drying, some measurements have been made at dewpoints up to 95℃, corresponding to a water content of 3.2 kg water per kilogram dry air. The emissions have been measured in two different ways,online during drying with a flame ionization detector and through wood analyses of the terpene content in the wood particles before and after drying. Substantial work has been made in developing the latter method as well as developing the drying equipment to be able to produce a wide range of conditions of the drying medium. It was shown that the VOCs emitted, during wood particle drying, mainly consist of terpenes. The behavior of the emissions was typical, at first contact with the drying gas a sharp peak in the release rate was detected. After that,the release rate stabilizes and declines slowly to a point where the material temperature increases and results in a second small peak in the release rate. Typically 80%-90% of the initial terpene content in the material was emitted during drying to low moisture content and it is not possible to significantly influence this release by changing the drying conditions. Up to 50% of the emitted terpenes are released during a very short period after contact with the drying medium. This fact could be utilized by employing a 2-step drying process. The fact that the VOC concentration in the inert gas gets much higher when drying at higher dewpoints could be taken into consideration when dealing with closed loop applications where the inert gas after the dryer is burnt.

STEAMING-HIGH TEMPERATURE DRYING OF LARCH LUMBER

A scries of drying tests on Larch Lumber and a theoretical analysis led to the following conclusions:1. Steaming prctrcatmcnt is a very powerful means to decrease defects induced by the drying process and increases the drying velocity of the lumber.2. The steaming-high-temperature drying schedule had resulted in fast drying and good quality of the dried lumber.

Research on Freeze Drying and High-temperature Molding in Medium-temperature Fluorocarbon Board

A research and test system for the carbon anode plate preparation technology was established to optimize the physical and chemical indicators of carbon anode plates,such as bulk density,resistivity,and compressive strength,and improve the operating cycle.In this study,a carbon plate was prepared via a combination of high-temperature molding and freeze drying using a formulation with asphalt content much lower than the industry standard.The experimental results show that the density of the carbon plate is increased by 0.02-0.04 g/cm^(3) by improving the drying method.The carbon plate prepared in the laboratory has a bulk density of 1.814 g/cm^(3),resistivity of 29.8μΩ·m,and compressive strength of 89.27 MPa.The bulk density,room-temperature resistivity,compressive strength,graphitization,and other key indices of the carbon plates made in the laboratory and those procured from a factory in Shanxi,Datong,were tested.Additionally,the specimens were analyzed using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray fluorescence.The laboratory-made carbon plates were superior to the factory specimens in terms of all the indicators tested.The process in this study improves the performance of the carbon anode plate and is used to provide technical support for electrolytic fluorine production in enterprises.The carbon plates prepared in the laboratory fully meet the process requirements of a medium-temperature electrolytic fluorine production line,which indicates the possibility of its use in the stable production of fluorine gas.

Influence of Osmotic Dehydration with High Electric Field on the Drying Kinetics and Mass Transfer of Green Apples

Traditional thermal methods of drying food have often led to loss of flavours, nutrients, vitamins, etc., which encourages non-thermal pretreatments such as osmotic dehydration （OD） and/or high electric field （HEF） application to improve the overall product quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of osmotic dehydration （50% sucrose） with high electric field strengths of 0.5 and 1.0 kV/cm as pretreatments on the drying kinetics and mass transfer of green apples during convective drying at 65 ~C and microwave drying at 1 W/g. The added value of the OD and HEF on the drying kinetics, and the effective mass transfer coefficients of the subsequent drying methods were investigated through this research. The efficacy of these pre-treatments was assessed and compared using cell disintegration index, product texture and thus bring forth new correlations between these pre-treatments and the cell disintegration index using dielectric spectroscopy and its effect on the product texture.

Evaluating Low Cost and Sustainable High Quality Cassava Drying Technologies among Small and Medium Processors in Uganda

Cassava regarded as a white gold of Africa is driving the agricultural commercialization and industrialization with small to medium technologies in Uganda. There is an over-whelming demand for high quality cassava flour （HQCF） by Bakeries, beverage industry, paper board and composite end markets. The end market for HQCF dictates on its quality attributes and rewards for its quality in terms of price offered within their minimum standards. However, obtaining sustainable amounts of HQCF for these markets calls for devoted efforts. Limited types of HQCF processing technologies exist and if they exist, their efficiency, costs and sustainability are not well understood. We evaluated high quality cassava drying technologies in Northern and Eastern Uganda in two years using naturally ventilated wooden screen solar drying structures and open air sun drying structures. Naturally ventilated wooden screen solar dryers produced clean dry high quality cassava chips free off insect and bird contamination and caused faster drying to less than 14.3% MC in 1.5 hours than open outside drying conditions. We recommend naturally ventilated wooden screen solar dryers for small and medium cassava processors during dry and rainy season. Halftone to one tone cassava chips dryers per day drying unit can cost one 2,258-4,338 USD to make it functional. Also open outside raised metallic racks with black surface can give good results on a good sunny day especially for starters on small scale basis. A small durable unit of 150 kilograms per day can be made with 500 USD.

蔬菜育苗高压静电吸附播种机理及系统参数优化

针对现有气吸式穴盘育苗播种机对含杂较多且没有丸粒化的不规则小颗粒蔬菜种子存在吸孔堵塞而导致排种精度下降的技术难题,该研究摒弃小孔径、长导程吸孔,设计了一种基于高压静电吸附特性的蔬菜育苗播种机。通过理论分析及电势等值线分布仿真试验确定介电绝缘层材料;构建静电吸附力学模型,明确影响静电吸附力的主要因素及其相互关系,确定影响播种性能的电参数及范围;以型孔加工直径、正向高压静电发生器输出电压和种箱底面倾斜角度为试验因素,以播种合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数为响应指标进行三因素三水平Box-Behnken中心组合试验,得到各试验因素与响应指标间的数学模型,应用Design-Expert 10.0.4软件对数学模型进行多目标优化,得到最佳参数组合为:型孔加工直径5.91 mm、正向高压静电发生器输出电压17.67 kV、种箱底面倾斜角度14.69°,此时播种合格指数为91.13%、重播指数为3.02%、漏播指数为5.85%。播种性能验证试验的播种合格指数相较于优化结果降低了0.61个百分点、重播指数相较于优化结果降低了0.17个百分点、漏播指数相较于优化结果增加了0.78个百分点。试验误差在允许范围内,参数优化结果可靠,满足精量播种技术要求。研究结果可为不规则小颗粒蔬菜种子精量播种机械装备的研发提供参考,同时也可为不规则小颗粒物料定量吸附和快速分离方法研究及设备开发提供参考。

A Method for Rapid Salt-extraction of High-quality Genomic DNA from Plant Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to explore an effective method for rapid salt- extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from dried seeds of plants. [Method] Seeds of seven varieties of crops were ground into powder. A hundred milligrams of seed powder was added to extracting solution for high salt-extraction of genomic DNA. The yield and quality of extracted DNA were determined by using ultramicro UV/Vis spectrophotometer detection method, PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. [Result] About 619.67-1 811.21 ng of genomic DNA was extracted from per 100 mg of dried seed powder of seven varieties of conventional crops. A260/A280 ratios of the obtained DNA solution all ranged from 1.87 to 2.07, the purity and quality of PCR were suitable for PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Clear target bands of specific endogenous gene fragments of seven varieties of crops were amplified by PCR, and the obtained DNA could be fully digested with EcoRV and Hindlll.[Conclusion] This method could be used for rapid extraction of high-quality genomic DNA from dried seeds.

Tribological behaviour of AZ71E alloy at high temperatures

Tribological behaviour of the die-cast AZ71E magnesium alloy was investigated in an applied load range of 10-50 N at high temperatures under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine. The results indicate that the wear rate increases with the increase of applied load and sliding distance, whereas the friction coefficient decreases with the increase of applied load. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy studies on the worn surfaces and sub-surfaces show that the predominant wear mechanism is abrasion at low applied loads. The mild delamination wear accompanying with adhesion wear is the predominant wear mechanism under high applied loads at 150 ℃, whereas the severe delamination and melting wear are the predominant wear mechanisms under high applied load at 200 ℃. An investigation of the microstructure, thermal stability and tensile properties at high temperatures, using the optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, shows that the dominant secondary phase in AZ71E alloy, Al11Ce3, leads to the improvement in the tensile and elongation properties of alloy at high temperatures, which results in the improvement in the anti wear performance.

基于高通量测序分析干条斑紫菜及海苔的细菌多样性与优势菌

目的探究干条斑紫菜与其加工产品——海苔的细菌多样性与优势菌,分析海苔产品菌落总数超标的原因。方法采用平板计数法对干条斑紫菜及海苔产品的菌落总数进行测定,同时通过高通量测序对总细菌菌群及可培养细菌菌群进行分析。结果干条斑紫菜加工成海苔后,菌落总数略有下降,高温烘烤的杀菌效果不明显。干条斑紫菜与海苔样本中总细菌菌群均以蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria_Chloroplast)为主,加工前后总细菌菌群结构变化不大;不同来源的干条斑紫菜样品可培养细菌菌群结构有所差异,主要有巨型球菌(Macrococcus)、水栖菌(Enhydrobacter)、异常球菌(Deinococcus)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)、金黄杆菌(Chryseobacterium)等,经过加工后,可培养细菌菌群多样性下降,海苔样本均以巨型球菌为优势菌。结论本研究揭示了干条斑紫菜及海苔的细菌多样性及优势菌属,为进一步探究烤紫菜产品菌落总数的控制技术奠定基础。

萝卜干加工贮藏与高值化利用关键技术研究进展

萝卜是我国第二大蔬菜作物,2021年我国萝卜总产量约为1817.6万t,占全球萝卜产量的比重约为45%,年收获量约占蔬菜年产量的1/14。萝卜干是以萝卜为原材料,经腌制、发酵等工艺制成的具有特殊风味的萝卜食品。其口感爽脆、营养丰富,加工方法历史悠久,品种繁多,深受人们喜爱。萝卜干种类庞杂,在制作工艺上也有所差异。目前中国的萝卜干加工业依旧停留在初级阶段,种类单一,缺乏高值化加工技术。本综述简要介绍国内外萝卜干的生产工艺、加工现状、工艺优化等,阐述萝卜干贮藏与加工过程中的品质变化、影响因素以及萝卜干保鲜的措施;综述萝卜干的功能因子及其潜在的高值化利用技术。这对改善萝卜干腌制工艺,提高产品品质与安全性,推进萝卜干高值化加工利用具有重要的意义。

高分辨液相色谱-串联质谱法分析冻干西洋参抗氧化多肽

本研究利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱串联质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS)技术快速鉴定冻干西洋参多肽的氨基酸组成。采用碱溶酸沉法提取冻干西洋参粗蛋白,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率为评价指标,筛选酶解冻干西洋参粗蛋白的最佳蛋白酶,并用最佳蛋白酶将粗蛋白酶解,经3 ku截留分子质量的透析袋透析得到不同组分,采用蛋白液相分析系统分离纯化抗氧化活性较好的组分。结果表明,选择胃蛋白酶酶解1 h时,DPPH自由基清除活性较好,清除率为(56.02±2.01)%,且透析得到<3 ku组分的抗氧化活性优于>3 ku组分和内源性肽组分。用蛋白液相分析系统对抗氧化活性较好的组分(<3 ku)进行分离,评价所得各组分的DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力。结果表明,组分F1和F2具有较强的抗氧化活性。经UHPLC-QOrbitrap MS/MS法鉴定,这2个组分均为由2~4个氨基酸组成的多肽,包括疏水氨基酸甘氨酸(Gly)、缬氨酸(Val)和亮氨酸(Leu),这可能是其具有较强抗氧化活性的原因。该方法可快速有效地鉴定冻干西洋参抗氧化多肽的组成,为揭示其组成与抗氧化活性的关系提供了依据。

西藏传统风干牦牛肉中微生物群落组成及安全评价

为了揭示西藏传统风干牦牛肉中细菌和真菌群落组成及安全性,采用高通量测序技术对西藏林芝(LZ)、拉萨(LS)、山南(SN)、日喀则(RKZ)和那曲(NQ)地区的传统风干牦牛中细菌和真菌群落组成进行分析并探讨细菌和真菌的安全性。结果表明,西藏传统风干牦牛肉中富含丰富的微生物菌群,且细菌多于真菌;不同地区风干牦牛肉中微生物丰富度和多样性存在差异;不同地区风干牦牛肉样品中的主要优势细菌门是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),主要优势真菌门是毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota);不同地区风干牦牛肉中的优势细菌属是假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和片球菌属(Pediococcus),主要优势真菌属是根霉属(Rhizopus)和毛霉属(Mucor);不同地区风干牦牛肉中细菌和真菌群落组成存在差异。西藏传统风干牦牛肉中即存在功能性益生微生物菌群,又存在大量条件致病菌,具有一定的安全隐患。

即食豆干加工过程中的细菌污染溯源

采用传统微生物培养法结合高通量测序技术分析即食豆干生产过程中微生物数量及细菌群落组成变化,确定主要污染环节及微生物组成情况,并通过16S rDNA鉴定腐败菌。结果表明:即食豆干加工过程中的主要污染环节是原料湖北黄豆,菌落总数高达(3.2±0.1)×10^(6)CFU/g;溶烂、拉丝腐败样品(D18、D19)的菌落总数分别高达(4.4±0.4)×10^(6)CFU/g和(2.6±0.2)×10^(6)CFU/g,且优势菌均为芽孢杆菌属;加工过程中,D20(2次烘烤摊凉后的半成品)、D9(1次卤制前的半成品)、D21(1次卤制后的半成品)和D23(3次卤制的混合膏体)均检测到相对丰度较高的芽孢杆菌属,其相对丰度分别为95.67%、70.64%、55.24%和91.26%;D18、D19与烘烤前加工单元(D1、D3、D4)和卤制加工单元(D5、D24、D23)的细菌属组成相似,即腐败菌主要来源于D1、D3、D4、D5、D24和D23;导致即食豆干腐败样品D18、D19的细菌分别为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)和特基拉芽孢杆菌(B.tequilensis)。

Temperature dependence of mechanical properties and damage evolution of hot dry rocks under rapid cooling

Understanding the differences in mechanical properties and damage characteristics of granitoid under high temperatures is crucial for exploring deep geothermal resources.This study analyzes the evolution of the acoustic emission(AE)characteristics and mechanical parameters of granodiorite and granite after heating and water cooling by uniaxial compression and variable-angle shear tests under different temperature gradients.We identify their changes in mesostructure and mineral composition with electron probe microanalysis and scanning electron microscopy.Results show that these two hot dry rocks have similar diagenetic minerals and microstructure,but show significantly different mechanical and acoustic characteristics,and even opposing evolution trends in a certain temperature range.At the temperatures ranging from 100℃to 500℃,the compressive and shear mechanical properties of granodiorite switch repeatedly between weakening and strengthening,and those of granite show a continuous weakening trend.At 600℃,both rocks exhibit a deterioration of mechanical properties.The damage mode of granite is characterized by initiating at low stress,exponential evolutionary activity,and intensified energy release.In contrast,granodiorite exhibits the characteristics of initiating at high stress,volatile evolutionary activity,and intermittent energy release,due to its more stable microstructure and fewer thermal defects compared to granite.As the temperature increases,the initiation and propagation of secondary cracks in granodiorite are suppressed to a certain extent,and the seismicity and brittleness are enhanced.The subtle differences in grain size,microscopic heterogeneity,and mineral composition of the two hot dry rocks determine the different acoustic-mechanical characteristics under heating and cooling,and the evolution trends with temperature.These findings are of great significance for the scientific and efficient construction of rock mass engineering by rationally utilizing different rock strata properties.

适用于法庭科学毒物分析的干血斑检验体系的建立——以5种常见药(毒)物为例

干血斑技术能够方便地对血液样品中的违禁药物进行快速分析,在酒后驾驶检查、滥用药物检测、兴奋剂检测等毒物分析场景具有显著优势。然而在我国法庭科学毒物分析领域,因缺少标准化检验体系,其稳定性和可靠性未得到深入研究论证,限制了其在司法实践中的运用。本研究以甲基苯丙胺、利多卡因、氯胺酮、芬太尼和地西泮为典型药(毒)物,使用整个干血斑进行分析,建立了适用于法庭科学领域毒物分析的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法,形成了以干血斑样品制作、前处理、分析、储存和效用性评价为主要内容的检验体系,并为干血斑中其他药(毒)物的分析方法开发提供参考。结果表明,干血斑中利多卡因和芬太尼在0.5~100 ng/mL内线性关系良好,甲基苯丙胺、氯胺酮、地西泮在2~100 ng/mL内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.2~0.5 ng/mL。干血斑中5种目标物可以在60天内保持稳定,目标物测定含量与理论值的偏差在15%以内。干血斑中5种目标物的测量结果与全血一致,没有显著的系统误差和比例误差,芬太尼、地西泮、氯胺酮、利多卡因和甲基苯丙胺的测量浓度的相对偏差分别为4.44%、3.50%、7.66%、5.10%和5.25%。干血斑样品前处理方法简单,样品用量小,能够实现血液样品保存的轻量化和规范化且与全血样品具有高度定量一致性,可为公安实践工作中分析、保存血液检材提供新方案。