Modernization of Chinese herbal compound and the high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)

Chinese herbal compound is playing an important role on curing human diseases.And it has been a trend that Chinese herbal compound is being used all over the world in 21 century.However,our Chinese herbal compound is facing serious challenge for the lack of canonical system of quality criterion for Chinese herbal compound so it has been a urgent problem to set up the quality control standards and reveal therapeutic basis of Chinese herbal compound.In order to give full play to the advantages of Chinese herbal compound,modern scientific and technological is used to research of Chinese herbal compound,especially the high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS),because it is high sensitive,rapid,and obtain more information.It is very necessary that HPLC-MS is uesed to elucidate the effective components of basic substances of Chinese Herbal Compound,and endow traditional Chinese medicine with modern scientific connotation.

Determination of Organic Acids in Root Exudates by High Performance Liquid Chromatography:Ⅱ.Influence of Several Testing Conditions

Effects of column temperature and flow rate on separation of organic acids were studied by determining nine low-molecular-weight organic acids on reversed- phase C18 column, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a wavelength of UV (ultraviolet) 214 urn and a mobile phase of 18 mmol L-1 KH2PO4 buffer solution (pH 2.1). The thermal stability of organic acids was determined by comparing the recoveries of organic acids in different temperature treatments. The relationships between column temperature, flow rate or solvent pH and retention time were analyzed. At low solvent pH, separation efficiency of organic acids was increased by raising the flow rate of the solvent because of lowering the retention time of organic acids. High column temperature was unfavorable for the separation of organic acids. The separating effect can be enhanced through reducing column temperature in organic acid determination due to increasing retention time. High thermal stability of organic acids with low concentrations was observed at temperature of 40 ℃-45℃. Sensitivity and separation effect of organic acid determination by HPLC were clearly improved by a combination of raising flow rate and lowering column temperature at low solvent pH.

Determination of Trace Amount of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Sewage by Solid-phase Extraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatograph

[Method] This study aimed to determine trace amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in urban sewage by using solid-phase extraction(SPE) coupled with high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC).[Method] From the aspects of solid-phase extraction column,elution solvent,elution volume,elution speed and so forth,the test conditions of SPE-HPLC method were optimized,and trace amount of PAHs in urban sewage was determined.[Result] The optimized solid-phase extraction conditions were SUPELCLEAN LC-18 solid-phase extraction column,methylene dichloride as elution solvent,15 ml elution volume,2 ml/min elution speed,5 ml/min loading speed,1 000 ml water with 200 ml methanol loading volume.Under the optimized extraction conditions,the recovery was high,namely 76.3%-105.2%;relative standard deviation was 3.8%-6.0%,showing good precision;detection limit was low,only 0.000 8-0.048 0 μg/L.[Conclusion] This method is user-friendly,with high sensitivity and good precision,and suitable for continuous determination of a large volume of water samples.

On-line enrichment and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulates using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence as detector

Seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in atmospheric particulates were determinated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with fluorescence detector using direction injection and an on-line enrichment trap column. The method simplified the sample pretreatment, saved time and increased the efficiency. With the on-line trap column, PAHs were separated availably even underground injecting 1.0 ml sample with relatively high column efficiency. The recoveries of the seven PAHs were from 85% to 120% for spiked atmospheric particulate sample. The limit of detection was 15.3-39.6 ng/L （S/N=3.3）. There were good linear correlations between the peak areas and concentrations of the seven kinds of PAHs in the range of 1-50 ng/ml with the correlation coefficients over 0.9970. Furthermore, it also indicated that the method is available to determine PAHs in atmospheric particulates well.

Quantification of six bioactive compounds in Zhenqi Fuzheng preparation by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and evaporative light scattering detector

A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）coupled with diode array detector（DAD）and evaporative light scattering detector（ELSD）was established for the determination of six bioactive compounds in Zhenqi Fuzheng preparation（ZFP）.The monitoring wavelengths were 254,275 and 328 nm.Under the optimum conditions,good separation was achieved,and the assay was fully validated in respect of precision,repeatability and accuracy.The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the six ingredients in 31 batches of ZFP samples and evaluate the variation by hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）,which demonstrated significant variations on the content of these compounds in the samples from different manufacturers with different preparation procedures.The developed HPLC method can be used as a valid analytical method to evaluate the intrinsic quality of this preparation.

Biological Fingerprinting Analysis of Interaction Between Taxoids in Taxus and Microtubule Protein by Microdialysis Coupled with High-performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for Screening Antimicrotubule Agents

Some natural products, such as traditional Chinese medicines（TCMs）, contain compounds with anticancer activity and have attracted a great interest in recent years as alternative anticancer therapies. A quick and convenient assay for screening antimicrotubule compounds in which in vitro microdialysis/high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） is used to monitor the binding of the compounds extracted from TCM Taxus cuspidata Siebold ＆ Zucc（Taxus） to microtubules is reported. It was observed that the extract of Taxus contains at least five compounds which have affinity interaction with microtubules by biological fingerprinting analysis, and they were identified as the taxoids of taxol, baccatin III, 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ（10-DAB）, cephalomannine and 7-epi-10-deacetyltaxol （7-epi-10-DAT） based on the comparison of their high-performance liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric and UV spectra with those of the standard samples, both assembly-promoting and disassembly-inhibiting characteristics of those compounds were evaluated. It was observed that baccatin Ⅲ and 10-DAB bound to microtubules and the binding degrees were influenced by GTP. Competitive binding behavior of taxol with other four taxoids to microtubules was also investigated.

A Sensitive Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Quantitative Determination of Milk Xanthine Oxidase Activity

A new reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed to quantitate the activity of xanthine oxidase involved in milk fat globule membrane with xanthine as the substrate and the separation of product (uric acid). The increment of uric acid in the reaction system was used to calculate the total activity of XO. The optimized assay conditions, linearity of detection, recovery of uric acid and chromatogram were developed in text, indicating this method is simple, rapid and efficient. It is an alternative potential method for the determination of the activity of XO in milk.

Study on the Flow Injection Micro-Column Pre-Separation System Coupled With High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Ecdysterone in Traditional Chinese Medicine

A flow injection (FI) micro-column system coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was proposed for the pre-separation and determination of active organic component (ecdysterone) in traditional Chinese medicine, Loulu. The factors influencing separation performance were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the contents of ecdysterone in Loulu were determined by HPLC system using MeOH-H_2O (40: 60,V/V) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0. 5~ 100 mg/L of ecdysterone concentrations. The detection limit of the analyte was 0. 11mol/L(3) with a precision of 0. 38% RSD (n=7 f c= 10. 0 mg/L). The average recovery of the method was 98. 7%. The proposed method has been applied to determine ecdysterone in practical samples, and the determined values by both external standard method and standard addition method were in good agreement. Compared to the traditional solid extraction method, the system proposed has the advantages of simple procedure, good reproducibility, minimum volume requirement, reduction of matrix interference and low contamination risk.

Determination of Naringin Content in Rhizoma Drynariae by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

[Objectives]To accurately determine the naringin content in Rhizoma Drynariae.[Methods]The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was applied in the determination of the naringin content in Rhizoma Drynariae.The sample was sonicated at room temperature.The mobile phase was 0.1%phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(75∶25),detected by diode array detector at the wavelength of 284 nm,and quantified by external standard method.[Results]The linearity of naringin was good in the concentration range of 5-500μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999.[Conclusions]This method has good linearity,easy operation,correctness and reproducibility as required,and is expected to provide a method for the determination of naringin content in Rhizoma Drynariae.

Simultaneous Determination of Content of VK_(1) and VK_(2) in Milk and Dairy Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

[Objectives]To make simultaneous determination of vitamin K_(1)(VK_(1))and vitamin K_(2)(VK_(2),mainly MK-4,MK-7 and MK-9)in milk and dairy products.[Methods]A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of vitamin K_(1)(VK_(1))and vitamin K_(2)(VK_(2),mainly MK-4,MK-7 and MK-9)in milk and dairy products.After enzymatic digestion,the samples were extracted with hexane for VK_(1),MK-4,MK-7 and MK-9,subjected to gradient elution at excitation wavelength 243 nm and emission wavelength 430 nm,detected by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector and quantified by external standard method.[Results]The linearity of VK_(1),MK-4,MK-7 and MK-9 was good in the concentration range of 2.5-1000 ng/mL with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999;The relative standard deviations(RSD)of VK_(1),MK-4,MK-7 and MK-9 in milk powder,liquid milk and yogurt were 1.32%-5.05%,1.10%-2.48% and 2.20%-3.47%,respectively;the recovery rates of VK_(1),MK-4,MK-7 and MK-9 at different levels in milk powder,liquid milk and yogurt were 81.1%-108%,81.8%-103%and 82.1%-99.2%,respectively.[Conclusions]The method is rapid,accurate,reproducible and capable of simultaneous determination of VK_(1),MK-4,MK-7 and MK-9.

Determination of seven active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza herb by matrix solid phase dispersion combined with ion liquid extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography

A low cost,rapid and sensitive preparation method of silica gel supported ionic liquid(SGSIL)combined with matrix solid phase dispersion(MSPD)followed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with ultraviolet detection(UV)is proposed,and it was applied to determine the seven active compounds in Salvia Miltiorrhiza herb.SGSIL and ionic liquid[BMIM]BF4 were used as the adsorbent and the green elution reagent in the MSPD procedure.Several extraction conditions including type of filler and elution solvent,the volume of elution solvent,material liquid ratio were optimized.Under the optimum conditions,the SGSIL-MSPD-HPLC method showed a low limit of detection(LOD,S/N=3)of 0.0122-0.8788μg/mL for standard solution,limit of quantification(LOQ,S/N=10)of 0.0406-2.9292μg/mL for standard solution,wide linear range from 1.56 to 2000μg/mL for all compounds for standard solution,correlation coefficients(r)of more than 0.9990,acceptable reproducibility(relative standard deviations,RSDs<3.54%),and precision of RSDs<3.36%for intra-day,RSDs<3.50%for inter-day.The satisfactory recoveries ranged from 96.4 to 102.5,with RSDs less than 3.45%.The developed SGSIL-MSPD method is easier and more suitable for the determination of the seven active compounds in Salvia Miltiorrhiza herb than the traditional ultrasonic extraction.It was an effective and efficient method for the extraction and quantification of the seven active compounds in traditional Chinese herbal samples.

HPLC及LC-MS测定榛子中氯吡苯脲和多菌灵残留

本文采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)对干果榛子中氯吡苯脲和多菌灵残留量进行含量测定.HPLC和LC-MS均使用C18色谱柱,含量测定采取等度洗脱,流动相:甲醇-水(55∶45,体积比);体积流量:1.0 mL·min-1;测定波长:260 nm;柱温:30℃.LC-MS采取电喷雾离子源,梯度洗脱,体积流量:0.6 mL·min-1,柱温:30℃.结果表明,榛子中氯吡苯脲与多菌灵存在残留,氯吡苯脲质量浓度在1.00~10.00μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,加样回收率在95.58%~100.58%;多菌灵质量浓度在1.005~15.075μg·mL-1范围内具有良好的线性关系,加样回收率在95.61%~104.39%.实验证明,HPLC与LC-MS相结合的方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、检出限低等优点,能有效地检测到榛子样品中膨大剂氯吡苯脲及杀菌剂多菌灵的残留,并确定其残留量,线性关系和回收率结果均令人满意.根据被检测的8批样品中氯吡苯脲和多菌灵两项农药残留量推断,作为一般干果食用榛子是安全的.

HPLC法测定十三味逐瘀合剂中游离大黄酚含量

目的建立十三味逐瘀合剂中大黄酚高效液相含量测定的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)对十三味逐瘀合剂中游离大黄酚含量进行测定,从提取溶剂、取样量、提取时间等影响因素中选出最优条件,建立完整的含量测定方法。结果用thermos C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以甲醇-0.1%磷酸(75∶25,V/V)为流动相,采用等度洗脱法,254 nm波长的色谱条件;以甲醇为浸膏提取溶剂,超声30 min的提取方法;大黄酚质量浓度在1.63~16.32μg/mL(R^(2)=0.9995)范围内具有良好的线性关系;平均回收率为104.17%;测得十三味逐瘀合剂中游离大黄酚平均含量为15.32μg/mL。结论本实验所建立的方法操作简单,专属性强,重现性好,可用于十三味逐瘀合剂中游离大黄酚的含量测定。

HPLC-ELSD同时测定腺梗豨莶草中6个二萜成分的含量

为了研究腺梗豨莶草中6个二萜成分(对映海松烯型二萜:奇任醇、Hythiemoside B和豨莶精醇;对映贝壳杉烷型二萜:对映-17,18-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸、对映-16β,17-二羟基-贝壳杉烷-19-羧酸和对映-16α氢-贝壳杉烷-17,19-二羧酸)的含量,本试验建立了高效液相色谱法-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)同时测定二萜类化合物含量。样品粉碎过筛加甲醇和乙酸乙酯回流提取,蒸发减压除去溶剂,甲醇溶解,0.45μm滤膜滤过,取续滤液进行测定。色谱条件:色谱柱为Waters Symmetry Shield^(TM)RP18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.3%甲酸水溶液-乙腈(v/v),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min。蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度为103℃,雾化气流速为3.0 L/min。应用该方法测定腺梗豨莶草样品不同部位中6个二萜类化合物的含量,同时比较叶、枝、茎中对映海松烯型二萜、对映贝壳杉型二萜和总二萜含量的差异。结果显示,6个二萜成分在其线性范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9992);日内和日间精密度相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.5%;回收率介于96.5%~101.5%,RSD均小于2.3%;腺梗豨莶草不同部位(叶、枝、茎)的二萜类化合物含量差异较大。结果表明,本试验所建立的HPLC-ELSD方法简便、准确、重复性好,为腺梗豨莶草药材全面的质量评价和临床应用中最佳药用部位的选择提供了参考。

石香薷水提物HPLC特征图谱的研究

石香薷药材用于精油提取后的水提液中仍含有大量生物活性物质,具有开发为饲料添加剂的价值,从而实现石香薷资源的综合利用。采用HPLC法,按照优化后的色谱条件对24批石香薷水提取物样品的化学成分进行测定分析。建立了不同产地石香薷水提物的HPLC特征图谱,共确定8个特征峰,经对照品比对确定特征峰5、7、8分别为野黄芩苷、迷迭香酸和黄芩素-7-甲醚,设定迷迭香酸为参照峰(S峰),特征峰1~8的相对保留时间的规定值分别为0.176、0.444、0.495、0.676、0.765、0.954、1.000、1.618,精密度、重复性和稳定性考察中各特征峰相对保留时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.03%~0.57%、0.01%~0.31%、0.04%~0.15%,相对峰面积的RSD分别为0.88%~2.60%、1.39%~3.33%、1.95%~4.54%。该研究建立的HPLC特征图谱具有良好的精密度、稳定性和重复性,为石香薷水提物作为饲料添加剂开发的质量控制提供了依据。

高效液相-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)测定红参中的精氨酸单糖苷(AF)及精氨酸双糖苷(AFG)含量

目的建立一种同时测定人参加工品中精氨酸单糖苷(AF)和精氨酸双糖苷(AFG)含量的方法。[方法]用PrevailTMC18column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行检测。流动相A:色谱乙腈,流动相B:5.0mmol/L七氟丁酸的0.7%三氟醋酸溶液。色谱条件为[0%A(0 min);0%A(5 min);15%A(8 min);35%A(25 min)];流速0.8 mL/min;漂移管温度为115℃;气体流量3.2 L/min。[结果]AF和AFG的检测限分别为0.015和0.010 mg/mL;线性关系相关系数分别为,AF:0.9997,AFG:0.9999,表明线性关系良好。AF和AFG检测的精密度,重复性,稳定性以及回收率的相对标准偏差分别为0.43%&0.37%,0.43%&0.55%,0.43%&0.49%,0.45%&0.15%。AF和AFG检测的回收率分别为99.5%&100%,表明方法稳定。经检测,高丽红参,中国红参和生晒参中AF含量分别为0.74%,0.91%和1.14%,AFG含量分别为6.69%,5.12%和0.85%。[结论]这种方法成功用于高丽红参,中国红参及生晒参中AF及AFG的检测;且红参中AF和AFG含量明显高于生晒参。该方法测定结果可靠,缩短了测定时间,较少杂质干扰。但因为本研究考察氨基酸种类较少,当衍生物种类较多时,仍需进一步考察其分离度。

HPLC法测定五味子颗粒中7种木脂素成分的含量

建立了同时测定五味子颗粒中7种木脂素成分含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法。采用Poroshell 120 SB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)进行分离,四氢呋喃水-乙腈梯度洗脱,流速为0.6 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为220 nm,进样量为10μL。结果表明:该方法对五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子酯乙、五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子丙素的检测下限(LOD)分别为0.017、0.041、0.156、0.165、0.136、0.166和0.113μg/mL,线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.9999,平均加样回收率为98.1%~100.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.0%。因此,该方法重复性好、灵敏度高,所得含量关系可对五味子颗粒进行质量控制,特别是可为预防南五味子掺伪提供参考,也为其他含五味子制剂的质量标准修订奠定了基础。

HPLC-DAD测定饲用酸化剂苯甲酸中7种邻苯二甲酸类杂质

为了建立高效液相色谱法测定饲用酸化剂苯甲酸中邻苯二甲酸、2-羟基苯甲酸、3-羟基苯甲酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、2-甲基苯甲酸、3-甲基苯甲酸和4-甲基苯甲酸共7种邻苯二甲酸类杂质的方法。本试验将酸化剂样品溶于甲醇和初始流动相的混合溶液中,采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm)分离7种邻苯二甲酸类杂质,以水-乙腈-甲基磺酸(85-15-0.1)和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.2 mL/min,采用二极管阵列检测器(DAD),采集波长范围为210~400 nm,记录扫描光谱图和235 nm波长处的色谱图。用外标法定量邻苯二甲酸类杂质的含量。结果显示,7种邻苯二甲酸类杂质的浓度在0.10~40.00μg/mL范围内的线性良好,平均加标回收率在98.5%~102.7%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)介于0.3%~1.5%,检测限和定量限均为4 mg/kg。本试验建立的酸化剂苯甲酸中7种邻苯二甲酸类杂质的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)检测方法快速且准确,可用于苯甲酸中7种邻苯二甲酸类杂质的定性和定量检测。

基于HPLC特征图谱对消炎灵胶囊的质量评价研究

目的:建立消炎灵胶囊的高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)特征图谱法,通过相似度评价及聚类分析研究,为消炎灵胶囊的质量评价提供新思路。方法:使用HPLC,选择Waters Xselect C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长280 nm。以甘草苷峰作为S峰,将32批消炎灵胶囊特征图谱文件导入《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2012.1版),进行相似度计算,通过SPSS 26.0软件对结果进行聚类分析。结果:32批消炎灵胶囊HPLC特征图谱有14个共有特征峰,除5批样品外,其余样品相似度均大于0.900,相似度结果与聚类分析结果基本一致。结论:该研究方法及分析结果可为消炎灵胶囊的鉴别与质量控制提供新思路。

经典名方清金化痰汤基准样品HPLC指纹图谱及量值传递研究

基于建立的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱结合多指标成分含量的测定方法,研究了清金化痰汤(QJHTD)的量值传递规律。制备15批QJHTD基准样品,建立其HPLC指纹图谱并进行相似度评价,确定共有峰;对QJHTD基准样品中4种指标性成分(栀子苷、芒果苷、黄芩苷、甘草酸)进行含量测定,分析饮片-基准样品的量值传递规律。结果表明,15批QJHTD基准样品指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.98。标定了26个共有峰,并对各共有峰进行药材归属。指标性成分栀子苷、芒果苷、黄芩苷、甘草酸的含量分别为44.60~76.82mg·g^(-1)、98.04~145.25 mg·g^(-1)、46.82~75.64 mg·g^(-1)、81.60~126.63 mg·g^(-1),转移率分别为32.91%~62.42%、21.78%~35.93%、29.98%~57.12%、27.51%~49.34%。15批QJHTD基准样品的出膏率为16.98%~25.19%,平均出膏转移率为67.19%。结合指纹图谱、多成分含量测定以及出膏率,研究经典名方QJHTD基准样品的量值传递规律,可为后续制剂质量控制提供参考。