High Protein Diet that Cause Weight Loss and Lower Blood Glucose Level Have a Serious Impact on the Kidney Functions of Male Diabetic Obese Albino Rats

Background: High protein (HP) diets are increasingly being recommended as one of the management strategies for weight control in overweight and obese individuals. The health benefits of high protein diets are well-established, but the mechanisms of action on body systems responsible for the changes in body weight and glycaemic control are not well-clear. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of HP diets on the kidney functions of diabetic obese albino rats. Material and Methods: Eighty male adult male albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into eight equal groups (10 rats for each). Type 2 DM and obesity were induced. At the end of the 12 weeks, samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The high protein diet led to significant decrease in BW, FI, BG, TC, LDL, TG, Lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, urine pH and urine citrate;while serum insulin, HDL, urea, creatinine, total protein, urine volume and urinary excretion of Ca were significantly higher in high protein diet groups. Conclusion: A high protein intake in diabetic obese albino rats for 12 weeks led to changes in the serum and urine levels of markers of renal function which indicated abnormalities in the functions of the kidney.

Idiopathic Reactive Hypoglycemia: Mechanisms of Onset and Remission with High Protein Low Carbohydrate Diet

Objective: Idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia is defined as early postprandial hypoglycemia occurring on ingestion of high carbohydrate containing meal. Remission ensues with high protein low carbohydrate diet. This study assessed roles of insulin and glucagon in its onset and remission. Methods: Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were determined after an overnight fast and repeatedly until 180 minutes on ingestion of 3 meals;100 g glucose;100 g pure protein liquid and mixture of 50 g each at 14 days’ interval. Five adults with IRH and 6 age matched healthy volunteers participated. Results: In IRH, glucose ingestion induced prompt rise in glucose (5.1 ± 0.8 to10.5 ± 1.2 mM/L) followed later by hypoglycemia (2.6 ± 0.4 mM/L). Insulin rose from 7 ± 2 to 90 ± 18 mU/L. Glucagon rose initially (10% ± 2%) from elevated basal concentration (373 ± 57 mU/L) followed by later decline (-43% ± 12%). On protein ingestion, glucose declined followed by a restoration to basal level while both insulin and glucagon rose (28 ± 6 mU/L;148% ± 38%, p < 0.01). However, insulin response was lower and glucagon rise was greater when compared to responses on glucose ingestion (p < 0.01). With mixed meal, glucose (8.2 ± 0.6 mM/L), insulin (65 ± 12 mU/L) and glucagon (48% ± 7%) responses were lesser than rises following glucose ingestion (p < 0.05) and hypoglycemia did not occur. Conclusion: In IRH, initial hyperglycemia on glucose ingestion may be exacerbated by paradoxical glucagon rise and hypoglycemia may be induced by increased insulin and declining glucagon responses. Resolution of hypoglycemia with high protein low carbohydrate diet may be attributed to blunting of insulin response and concurrent glucagon rise.

Optimization of Multigrain Premix for High Protein and Dietary Fibre Biscuits Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

In order to improve the nutritional quality of biscuits, a multigrain premix (MGP) was developed by using whole barley, sorghum, chickpea, pea and defatted soya flour, each at 20% level. The developed MGP had 26.28% protein, 10.13% insoluble dietary fiber and 7.38% soluble dietary fiber. The experiment was designed to optimise the MGP and wheat flour concentration for the development of multigrain biscuits with high protein, dietary fibre and to maximize the acceptability by the application of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The levels of incorporation of MGP and wheat flour were taken as variables whereas protein, soluble, insoluble fibers, biscuit dough hardness, breaking strength and overall acceptability (OAA) as responses. The optimum level of MGP and wheat flour obtained using numerical optimization was found to be 40 g and 60 g respectively. The biscuits prepared using these had 16.61% protein, 2.57% soluble fibre, and 6.67% insoluble fibre which is significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than control biscuit.

Relationship of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein with Cardiovascular, Diabetic, and Hepatic Biomarkers

Biomarkers are early predictors of various disorders, circulating level of C-reactive protein is a sensitive biomarker of systemic inflammation and may also be associated with the development of diabetic, hepatic, and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between circulating levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and various biomarkers for hepatic, diabetic, and cardiovascular health. The retrospective analysis included 438 individuals who were tested for these panels simultaneously at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory. The study population included free-living individuals without any preexisting clinical conditions. Among the cardiovascular markers, a positive correlation and significant association was found between high levels of hs-CRP and serum levels of triglycerides (r = 0.0964, p −0.1423, p −0.1216, p < 0.0105) with circulating levels of hs-CRP. Among all the diabetic markers, glucose (r = 0.1547, p < 0.0011) and glycated serum protein (r = 0.1725, p < 0.0003) were positively correlated with circulating hs-CRP. In the hepatic panel, AST, a transaminase that plays a vital role in amino acid metabolism, was found to have a strong positive correlation with hs-CRP (r = 0.2139, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the results clearly show the association of hs-CRP with diabetic, hepatic, and cardiovascular risk factors indicating its central value as a key marker for several lifestyle-associated disorders.

Optimization of High-Protein Glutinous Rice Flour Production Using Response Surface Method

A response surface method was employed to study the effect of α-amylase concentration, hydrolysis temperature and time on the production of high protein glutinous rice flour(HPGRF). The suspension of glutinous rice flour(15%) that contained 6.52% protein was gelatinized and subsequently hydrolyzed by thermostable α-amylase. The hydrolysis yielded 0.144–0.222 g/g HPGRF with 29.4%–45.4% protein content. Hydrolysis time exerted a significant effect, while enzyme concentration and hydrolysis temperature showed insignificant effect on the protein content and production yield of HPGRF. The result of response surface method showed that the optimum condition for the production of HPGRF that contained at least 36% protein was treating gelatinized 15% glutinous rice flour suspension with 0.90 Kilo Novo α-amylase Unit(KNU)/g α-amylase at 80 oC for 99 min. By carrying out the predicted hydrolysis condition, HPGRF with 35.9% protein and 61.8% carbohydrates was resulted. The process yielded 0.172 g/g HPGRF. HPGRF contained higher amount of essential amino acids compared to glutinous rice flour. HPGRF had higher solubility and lower swelling power, and also showed no pasting peak compared with glutinous rice flour.

Dietary high protein-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation by activation of NF-kB signaling in piglets

The present study aimed to investigate whether inflammation-associated responses in piglets are induced by high protein(HP)through activating nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling.Sixteen piglets(35 d of age,Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire],weaned at d 21,initial BW=9.70±0.11 kg)were allocated to 18%and 26%CP(HP group)at random,comprising 8 replicate pens per treatment.The piglets were slaughtered to collect intestinal tissues when apparent,persistent,and stable diarrhea syndromes happened(on d 12).No significant differences were observed in their growth performance(P>0.05),but reduction by 19.11%,25.31%,23.64%of ADFI,ADG,and G:F,respectively was detected in the HP group.The HP group had greater(P=0.002)diarrhea rates.Furthermore,dietary HP had lower ileal villus height(VH;P=0.048),ratio of villus height to crypt depth(VH/CD ratio;P=0.016),and colonic CD(P=0.034),as well as had the trend(P=0.075)to reduce the ileal villus absorptive area.Moreover,HP diets significantly elevated the goblet cell numbers in the ileal villi(P=0.016)and colonic crypts(P<0.001)and up-regulated(P=0.012)the mRNA expression of mucin2(Muc2)in the ileum.In addition,HP diets increased the myeloperoxidase concentration in the ileum(P=0.002)and colon(P=0.007)of piglets.Dietary HP significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α;P<0.001)in the ileum,induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS;P=0.040)and interleukin-22(IL-22;P=0.008)in the colon,and inclined to down-regulate interleukin-1β(IL-1β;P=0.076)expression in the colon.The relative protein abundance of Galectin-3(P=0.046)in the colon and the ratio of phosphorylation NF-κB to NF-κB(p-NF=κB/NF-κB ratio)in the ileum of HP piglets were also greater(P=0.038).These results suggest that dietary HP may cause diarrhea in piglets by activating NF-icB signaling induced intestinal inflammation.

High mobility group box-1 protein inhibits regulatory T cell immune activity in liver failure in patients with chronic hepatitis B

BACKGROUND: Liver failure in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is a severe, life-threatening condition. Intestinal endotoxemia plays a significant role in the progress to liver failure. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein is involved in the process of endotoxemia. Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune tolerance and contribute to the immunological hyporesponsiveness against HBV infection. However, the roles of HMGB1 and Treg cells in the pathogenesis of liver failure in CHB patients, and whether HMGB1 affects the immune activity of Treg cells are poorly known at present, and so were explored in this study. METHODS: The levels of HMGB1 expression were detected by ELISA, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blotting, and the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) Treg cells among CD4(+) cells was detected by flow cytometry in liver failure patients with chronic HBV infection, CHB patients, and healthy controls. Then, CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) Treg cells isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CHB patients were stimulated with HMGB1 at different concentrations or at various intervals. The effect of HMGB1 on the immune activity of Treg cells was assessed by a suppression assay of the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response. The levels of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression in Treg cells treated with HMGB1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: A higher level of HMGB1 expression and a lower percentage of Treg cells within the population of CIA(+) cells were found in liver failure patients than in CHB patients (82.6+/-20.1 mu g/L vs. 34.2+/-13.7 mu g/L; 4.55+/-1.34% vs. 9.52+/-3.89%, respectively). The immune activity of Treg cells was significantly weakened and the levels of Foxp3 expression were reduced in a dose- or time-dependent manner when Treg cells were stimulated with HMGB1 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of HMGB1 and the low percentage of Treg cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver failure in patients with chronic HBV infection. Moreover, HMGB1 can weaken the immune activity of Treg cells. It is suggested that effectively inhibiting HMGB1 expression could be a feasible way to treat liver failure by suppressing endotoxemia and enhancing Treg cell activity.

Effect on proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cell by RNA inhibiting high mobility group protein box-1 expression

AIM： To investigate the effect of high mobility group protein box-1 （HMGB1） siRNA on proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma （Rb） cells.METHODS： The expression of HMGB1 in Rb cells were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot. Chemically synthesized HMGB1 siRNA was transfected into Y79 cells. The inhibitory rate was also examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. After HMGB1 siRNA transfection, the cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT, and cell apoptosis was detected by Caspase-3 active detection kit. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS： The expression of HMGB1 significantly elevated in Rb cells （P〈0.01）. After transfected by siRNA, the HMGB1 protein level of Y79 cells was significantly reduced （P〈0.01）. After siRNA interference HMGB1, the proportion of proliferating cells reduced, and the proportion of quiescent cells increased （P〈0.05）. In addition, apoptosis rate of Y79 cells increased from 2.03% to 9.10% after interfering with HMGB1 siRNA （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： Specific HMGB1 siRNA can inhibit the expression of HMGB1. The effect may be attributed to inhibit the proliferation and promote cell apoptosis.

The prognostic role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction

1 Introduction Inflammation is one of the main mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis,and the interest to the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in coronary artery disease(CAD)has been increasing over the last decade.[1,2]Destabilization of chronic artery plaques,which leads to acute coronary syndromes,has been associated with inflammatory status.[1,3]。

Correlation of Enhancement Degree on Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound with Histopathology of Carotid Plaques and Serum High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy

This study was undertaken to investigate the correlation of the enhancement degree on contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) with the histopathology of carotid plaques and the serum high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) levels in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy(CEA). Carotid CEUS was performed preoperatively in 115 patients who would undergo CEA, and the enhancement degree of the carotid plaques was evaluated by both the visual semiquantitative analysis and the quantitative time-intensity curve analysis. Serum hs-CRP levels were detected using the particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay also before the operation. Additionally, the carotid plaque samples were subjected to histopathological examination postoperatively. The density of neovessels and the number of macrophages in the plaques were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that among the 115 patients, grade 0 plaque contrast enhancement was noted in 35 patients, grade 1 in 48 patients and grade 2 in 32 patients. The degree of plaque enhancement, the density of neovessels, the number of macrophages, and the hs-CRP levels were highest in the grade 2 patients. Correlation analysis showed that the enhancement degree of the carotid plaques was closely related to the immunohistochemical parameters of the plaques and the serum hs-CRP levels. It was suggested that the carotid plaque enhancement on CEUS can be used to evaluate the vulnerability of carotid plaques.

Relationship between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease

Background Coronary artery disease(CAD)remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.Cytokines play a potential role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression.We investigated the association between high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs CRP)and severity of CAD.Methods CAD patients were stratified according to hs CRP cut-off value into high levels hs CRP group(≥8.4 mg/L)and low levels hs CRP group(<8.4 mg/L).Severity of CAD was assessed according to artery stenosis degree and the number of vessel involved.Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS,version 23.0).Results The mean age was 60.3±11.0 years.The level of hs CRP was increased and ranged from 0.2 to 1020.0 mg/L.Biochemical risk factors and severity of CAD didn’t show significant differences between the two groups.In multivariate linear analysis,cardiac troponin I(c Tn I)and serum amyloid A(SAA)were predictors of hs CRP.As shown in receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis performed in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)and compared to myonecrosis biomarkers,hs CRP(area under the curve(AUC):0.905;95%CI:0.844-0.966;P<0.001)could be a powerful predictor marker in evaluating the infarct size after myocardial infarction but not better than c Tn I.Conclusions Hs CRP levels were not associated with the severity of CAD but could be useful in the evaluation of myocardial necrosis in patients with STEMI.

Novel insights for high mobility group box 1 proteinmediated cellular immune response in sepsis:A systemic review

BACKGROUND:High mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1) is a highly conserved,ubiquitous protein in the nuclei and cytoplasm of nearly all cell types.HMGB1 is secreted into the extracellular milieu and acts as a proinflammatory cytokine.In this article we reviewed briefly the cellular immune response mediated by HMGB1 in inflammation and sepsis.METHODS:This systemic review is mainly based on our own work and other related reports.RESULTS:HMGB1 can actively affect the immune functions of many types of cells including T lymphocytes,regulatory T cells(Tregs),dendritic cells(DCs),macrophages,and natural killer cells(NK cells).Various cellular responses can be mediated by HMGB1 which binds to cell-surface receptors[e.g.,the receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE),Toll-like receptor(TLR)2,and TLR4].Anti-HMGB1 treatment,such as anti-HMGB1 polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies,inhibitors(e.g.,ethyl pyruvate) and antagonists(e.g.,A box),can protect against sepsis lethality and give a wider window for the treatment opportunity.CONCLUSION:HMGB1 is an attractive target for the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of patients with septic complications.

Apoptosis induced by a low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet in rat livers

AIM: To determine whether high-protein, high-fat, and low-carbohydrate diets can cause lesions in rat livers.METHODS: We randomly divided 20 female Wistar rats into a control diet group and an experimental diet group. Animals in the control group received an AIN-93 M diet, and animals in the experimental group received an Atkins-based diet(59.46% protein, 31.77% fat, and 8.77% carbohydrate). After 8 wk, the rats were anesthetized and exsanguinated for transaminases analysis, and their livers were removed for flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and light microscopy studies. We expressed the data as mean ± standard deviation(sd) assuming unpaired and parametric data; we analyzed differences using the student's t-test. statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.RESULTS: We found that plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. According to flow cytometry, the percentages of nonviable cells were 11.67% ± 1.12% for early apoptosis, 12.07% ± 1.11% for late apoptosis, and 7.11% ± 0.44% for non-apoptotic death in the experimental diet group and 3.73% ± 0.50% for early apoptosis, 5.67% ± 0.72% for late apoptosis, and 3.82% ± 0.28% for non-apoptotic death in the control diet group. The mean percentage of early apoptosis was higher in the experimental diet group than in the control diet group. Immunohistochemistry for autophagy was negative in both groups. sinusoidal dilation around the central vein and small hepatocytes was only observed in the experimental diet group, and fibrosis was not identified by hematoxylin-eosin or Trichrome Masson staining in either group.CONCLUSION: Eight weeks of an experimental diet resulted in cellular and histopathological lesions in rat livers. Apoptosis was our principal finding; elevated plasma transaminases demonstrate hepatic lesions.

SNP Detection of High Density Lipoprotein Binding Protein Gene (HBP) and Its Correlations with Growth Traits in Largemouth Bass(Micropterus salmoides)

High density lipoprotein binding protein （HBP） plays an important role in lipid metabolism of animals. Lipids are indispensable energy materials for fi- shes, especially for carnivorous fishes with low utilization efficiency of carbohydrates. The single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of HBP gene may affect the fat metabolism, thereby exerting an effect on the growth traits of largemouth bass （Micropterus salmoides）. Investigating the correlations between SNP and growth traits can provide candidate markers for molecular marker-assisted selection. In this study, partial genomic fraganents of HBP gene （ GenBank accession number： KF652241 ） were amplified based on the sequences of an available contig in the EST-SNP database of largemouth bass. Three SNP mutation loci were identified in the 3＇ non-ceding region of HBP gene by direct sequencing, including H1 （G ＋ 2782T）, 142 （T ＋ 2817C） and H3 （G ＋ 2857A）. Three SNP loci of 165 randomly selected largemouth bass individuals were detected and genotyped by SnaPshot assay. Genetic structure was analyzed by POPGENE32 software. By using spssl7.0 software, a general linear model （GLM） was established for correlation analysis between different genotypes at SNP loci of HBP gene and various growth traits. The results showed that three SNP loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state. To be specific, loci H1 and H2 formed two haplotypes （ A and B）, and three geno- types （AA, AB, and BB） were observed; loci H1, H2 and H3 formed six diplotypes （DI, I）2, D3, D4, D5 and D6）. According to the correlations between dif- ferent genotypes and various growth traits, the body weight and total length of largemouth bass individuals with genotype BB were significantly higher than those of individuals with genotype AB （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the body weight and total length of largemouth bass individuals with diplotype D6 were significantly higher than those of individuals with diplotype D4 （P 〈0.05）. In this study, SNP markers correlated with growth traits were obtained in the 3＇ non-coding region ofHBP gene in large-mouth bass, which could be used as candidate genetic markers for subsequent molecular marker-assisted selection breeding of largemouth bass.

Effect of Qingguang'anⅡon expressions of OX42 protein and IL-1βmRNA of retinal microglia cells of rats with chronic high intraocular pressure

The study investigated the effects of Qingguang＇an Ⅱ（a Chinese medicinal preparation） on expressions of OX42 protein and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） mRNA of retinal microglia cells of rats with chronic high intraocular pressure（IOP）. SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, that were： A： blank group; B： model group; C： Qingguang＇an Ⅱ low dose group; D： Qingguang＇an Ⅱ medium dose group; E： Qingguang＇an Ⅱ high dose group; F： Yimaikang disket（a Chinese medicinal preparation） group. Experimental rats in B, C, D, E, F groups were established the model of chronic high IOP by cauterizing of superficial scleral vein. Tissues of eyes were obtained after intragastric administration for 2 and 4 wk. At the time-point of 2 wk, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in group B were statistically expressed in higher level comparing with other groups（P〈0.05）. Moreover, at the time-point of 4 wk, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C, D and E were statistically expressed in lower level comparing with group F（P〈0.05）. Besides, OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C and D were statistically expressed in higher level comparing with group E（P〈0.05）. OX42 protein and IL-1β mRNA in groups C and D were expressed in similar level（P〉0.05）. The study indicated that, in the protection of optic nerve of rats with chronic high IOP, the high dose of Qingguang＇an Ⅱ at the time-point of 4 wk was the better choice.

High-mobility group box 1 protein and its role in severe acute pancreatitis

The high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),which belongs to the subfamily of HMG-1/-2,is a highly conserved single peptide chain consisting of 215 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of approximately 24894 Da.HMGB1 is a ubiquitous nuclear protein in mammals and plays a vital role in inflammatory diseases.Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain with a poor prognosis.Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas(duration of less than six months),for which the severe form is called severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).More and more studies have shown that HMGB1 has a bidirectional effect in the pathogenesis of SAP.Extracellular HMGB1 can aggravate the pancreatic inflammatory process,whereas intracellular HMGB1 has a protective effect against pancreatitis.The mechanism of HMGB1 is multiple,mainly through the nuclear factor-κB pathway.Receptors for advanced glycation endproducts and toll-like receptors(TLR),especially TLR-2 and TLR-4,are two major types of receptors mediating the inflammatory process triggered by HMGB1 and may be also the main mediators in the pathogenesis of SAP.HMGB1 inhibitors,such as ethyl pyruvate,pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans,can decrease the level of extracellular HMGB1 and are the promising targets in the treatment of SAP.

The diagnostic value of tumor abnormal protein and high sensitivity C reactive protein in screening for endometrial cancer with endometrial thickness less than 8 mm

Objective This study aimed to combine tumor abnormal protein(TAP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) level detection to diagnose endometrial cancer in patients with endometrial thickness less than 8 mm, and to provide a reference for clinical screening and diagnosis. Methods Clinical data from 19 cases of endometrial cancer, diagnosed on the basis of pathological findings, were collected from September 2014 to December 2015. The inclusion criteria were as follows: the patients were first diagnosed with endometrial thickness less than 8 mm and were all in menopause. Perimenopausal patients(n = 26) with uterine fibroids seen during the same period were selected as a control group. Serum TAP and hs-CRP levels of the patients in the two groups were simultaneously determined on admission. Results We found that both TAP and hs-CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(182.95 ± 72.14) μm^2 vs.(133.19 ± 55.18) μm^2, P = 0.019;(7.52 ± 19.03) mg/L vs.(1.66 ± 2.31) mg/L, P = 0.136]. The sensitivity of TAP for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer was 73.68%, the specificity was 69.23%, and the Youden index was 0.4291. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of hs-CRP was 15.79% and 100%, respectively, and the Youden index was 0.1579. After plotting the receiver operating characteristics curves, the optimal cut-off value for TAP in diagnosing endometrial cancer was found to be 160.662 μm^2 and that for hs-CRP was 1.07 mg/L. Conclusion For patients suspected of having endometrial cancer with endometrial thickness less than 8 mm, combined detection of TAP and hs-CRP levels can be used as a screening tool and can provide new ideas regarding clinical diagnosis and treatment.

High sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardfiac resynchronization therapy in patients with advanced heart failure

C 反应的蛋白质(hsCRP ) 与先进的征兆的心失败(HF ) 在病人铺平收到心脏的再同步治疗(CRT ) 的高敏感的预示的值上的 BackgroundThe 数据是少见的。现在的学习的目的 232 个 CRT 病人是与左室颠倒在六月 CRT 以及长期的 outcome.MethodsA 以后改变调查浆液 hsCRP 层次的协会全部的被包括。对 hsCRP 价值，临床的地位和 echocardiographic 数据的评价在基线并且在六月 CRT 以后被执行。长期的后续为 HF.ResultsDuring 包括了所有原因死亡和住院 31.3 &#x000b1 的吝啬的后续经期；31.5 个月，提高的 hsCRP (&#x0003e；3 mg/L ) 与重要 2.39 褶层增加在 CRT 以前被联系(P = 0.006 ) 在死亡或 HF 住院的风险。在 6 月的后续，对 CRT 作出回应的病人显示出重要减小或维持在 hsCRP 层次低(-0.5 &#x000b1；4.1 mg/L 减小) 与非应答者相比(1.7 &#x000b1；6.1 mg/L 增加， P = 0.018 ) 。与 6 月的 hsCRP 层次在被减少或仍然保持低的病人相比， 6 月的 hsCRP 层次在被增加或坚持说高度的病人经历了随后的死亡或 HF 住院的显著地更高的风险(木头等级 P &#x0003c；0.001 ) 。 echocardiographic 改进在6月的 hsCRP 层次在被减少或在6月的 hsCRP 层次在谁被提起或坚持说 high.ConclusionsOur 调查结果表明了基线的那大小与那些相比仍然保持低的病人之中也更好，当为及时潜力的预示的标记冒险层化和随后的适当治疗，后续 hsCRP 层次可能是有用的在有经历 CRT 的先进 HF 的病人的策略。

High mobility group protein 1: A collaborator in nucleosome dynamics and estrogen-responsive gene expression

High mobility group protein 1(HMGB1) is a multifunctional protein that interacts with DNA and chromatin to influence the regulation of transcription, DNA replication and repair and recombination. We show that HMGB1 alters the structure and stability of the canonical nucleosome(N) in a nonenzymatic,adenosine triphosphate-independent manner. As a result, the canonical nucleosome is converted to two stable, physically distinct nucleosome conformers. Although estrogen receptor(ER) does not bind to its consensus estrogen response element within a nucleosome, HMGB1 restructures the nucleosome to facilitate strong ER binding. The isolated HMGB1-restructured nucleosomes(N' and N'') remain stable and exhibit a number of characteristics that are distinctly different from the canonical nucleosome. These findings complement previous studies that showed(1) HMGB1 stimulates in vivo transcriptional activation at estrogen response elements and(2) knock down of HMGB1 expression by siR NA precipitously reduced transcriptional activation. The findings indicate that a major facet of the mechanism of HMGB1 action involves a restructuring of aspects of the nucleosome that appear to relax structural constraints within the nucleosome. The findings are extended to reveal the differences between ER and the other steroid hormone receptors. A working proposal outlines mechanisms that highlight the multiple facets that HMGB1 may utilize in restructuring the nucleosome.

Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans protected the ceruleininduced acute pancreatitis by inhibiting high-mobility group box protein-1

AIM:To evaluate the inhibitory effects of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans(SSM) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis(AP) in a mouse model.METHODS:SSM water extract(0.1,0.5,or 1 g/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally 1 h prior to the first injection of cerulein.Once AP developed,the stable cholecystokinin analogue,cerulein was injected hourly,over a 6 h period.Blood samples were taken 6 h later to determine serum amylase,lipase,and cytokine levels.The pancreas and lungs were rapidly removed for morphological examination,myeloperoxidase assay,and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.To specify the role of SSM in pancreatitis,the pancreatic acinar cells were isolated using collagenase method.Then the cells were pre-treated with SSM,then stimulated with cerulein.The cell viability,cytokine productions and high-mobility group box protein-1(HMGB-1) were measured.Furthermore,the regulating mechanisms of SSM action were evaluated.RESULTS:The administration of SSM significantly attenuated the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis associated lung injury,as was shown by the reduction in pancreatic edema,neutrophil infiltration,vacuolization and necrosis.SSM treatment also reduced pancreatic weight/body weight ratio,serum amylase,lipase and cytokine levels,and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β.In addition,treatment with SSM inhibited HMGB-1 expression in the pancreas during AP.In accordance with in vivo data,SSM inhibited the cerulein-induced acinar cell death,cytokine,and HMGB-1 release.SSM also inhibited the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase,p38 and nuclear factor(NF)-κB.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that SSM plays a protective role during the development of AP and pancreatitis associated lung injury via deactivating c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase,p38 and NF-κB.