Breeding of National Authorized New Wheat Variety Shannong 116 and Supporting Cultivation Technical Measures for High Yield, High Quality and High Efficiency

Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.

Cultivation Techniques for High-quality and High-yield Spring Peanut in East Henan Province

Groundnut,also known as peanut,has high economic and medicinal value. A member of the legume crops,it is rich in various nutrients and is one of the main oil crops for processing high-quality edible oil. Compared with other cash crops,planting peanuts can bring greater economic benefits to farmers. In this paper,we summarized techniques of cultivating spring peanut in open fields for years,and explored the problems and difficulties in the cultivation management process,in order to provide technical guidance for the farmers to carry out high-yield spring peanut production.

Study on Key Techniques for High-quality and High-yield Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder

Comparative test of 4 Ganoderma lucidum varieties from different sources showed that the mycelium of Chizhi 1 grew fast with thick and dense hyphae,round and solid cap,and high spore powder yield.Chizhi 1 was proved to be an excellent variety because of its strong resistance and high spore powder yield.Different cultivation materials were chosen and combined to form 3 cultivation formulations.The results showed that Formulation(3),in which basswood was soaked in nutrient solution for 24 h,presented fast mycelial growth and high spore powder output,and therefore was proved to be a high-yield formulation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

Study on Key Techniques for Precise and Quantitative, Stable and High Yield Cultivation of Peanuts in Eastern Henan Region

Peanut is a main industrial crop in the eastern Henan region. Its benefits directly affect the economic income of local farmers. Therefore, scientific cultivation of peanuts is an important way to increase farmers' income in the eastern Henan region. This paper firstly introduced the key techniques for precise and quantitative, stable and high yield cultivation of peanuts in the eastern Henan region. From the field selection, scientific seed selection, precise quantitative sowing, fertilizer and water management, chemical control technologies, prevention and control of pests and diseases, and timely harvesting, it made an in-depth analysis. It is expected to provide data references for further improvement of stale and high yield cultivation technical system, and provide technical guidance for raising the peanut planting level of peanut growers.

Characteristics of High Quality Rice Xiang 5 and the Supporting Cultivation Techniques

The high quality rice,Xiang 5,is a new strain bred by Institute of Food Crops of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences which first hybridizes Chinese scented rice with 9311,and then re-crosses it with Ezhong 5 for continuous generations. The strain has good quality,high yield,suitable maturity period,strong scent,strong combining ability and other features. This paper summarizes the appearance characteristics of Xiang 5 and main points of the supporting cultivation techniques,aimed at providing technical support and theoretical reference for its field production.

High Yield and Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Rice under Rice- fish Intergrowth Model in Chengdu

The integrated planting and breeding of paddy fields is a kind of eco-planting and breeding mode which makes rice and aquatic animals benefit from each other,greatly reducing the harm of rice pests and diseases,using less or even no fertilizers or pesticides,greatly reducing the agricultural non-point source pollution,thus achieving the " multiple use of water,multiple harvests in one field,grain and fishing winwin,ecological and high efficient use. " In this paper,the high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of rice under the rice-fish intergrowth model in Chengdu was introduced from the aspects of selecting good paddy fields for fishing,using appropriate rice varieties,soaking disinfection,timely sowing and nurturing strong seedlings,reasonable close planting,reasonable fertilization,scientific water management,scientific pest control and rice harvests.

High Temperature-preventing Cultivation Technology of Single-season Middle Rice for High Yield and High Quality in Jianghuai Area

In recent years,with the global climate change,the frequency and duration of high temperature in summer and autumn have increased,causing high temperature heat damage to summer crops such as rice and maize.From the end of July to early August is the main period of high temperature occurrence,during which the daily average temperature above 30℃is a high probability event,and even the highest temperature is above 38℃,while this period coincides with the booting-blooming-filling stage of the single-season middle rice in Jianghuai,especially the middle-season indica rice,so it often leads to the degradation of rice spikelets,pollen abortion,difficulty in pollen dispersion,and even difficulty in heading,resulting in a serious decline in the seed setting rate and poor filling of grains,which finally affect the yield and quality.Based on the goal of high-yielding high-quality rice cultivation,this paper proposed targeted technical measures for single-season middle rice from the aspects of planting time sequence optimization,selection of high-temperature-resistant varieties,population construction,fertilizer and water management technology,and how to compensate for the occurrence of unexpected disasters to promote plant growth.This study provides technical support for high-yielding high-quality stress-resistant and disaster-reducing rice cultivation technology.

The Edible and Medicinal Value of <i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i>and Key Cultivation Techniques for High and Stable Yield

In this paper, it was introduced that Coix lacryma-jobi is a traditional dual-use edible and medicine crops in China, and the nutritional components and medicinal value of Coix lacryma-jobi were described. Based on the published literature at home and abroad, a variety of chemical components found in Coix lacryma jobi and their medicinal effects were reviewed. At the same time, the problems existing in the production of Coix lacryma jobi were put forward. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the nutritional and health care value of Coix lacryma-jobi has been paid more and more attention. The problems of Coix lacryma-jobi in production were analyzed. Some biological characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi, especially its hygrophyte characteristics, were re-recognized, which is very important to increase the yield of Coix lacryma jobi. In the paper, the key cultivation techniques for high and stable yield of Coix lacryma-jobi were also summarized. In order to obtain high quality, high and stable yield, we should adopt the new technical methods of “two wet, two dry and two water” in water management. At the same time, if artificial pollination is applied in the peak of flowering period, the seed setting rate and the yield will be increased.

Cultivation Techniques for High-yield Corn in a Karst Area of Southwest Guizhou

The cultivation techniques for high-yield corn in a karst area of southwest Guizhou were elaborated in this research from the respects of choosing farmland, preparing farmland, picking good seeds, timely sowing, rational close planting, im-proving the quality of planting, mulching, scientific fertilization, field management, timely harvest, etc. we hoped to provide a reference for the realization of high-effi-ciency corn planting in mountain areas.

High-Yielding Cultivation Techniques of Summer Corn

The high-yielding cultivation practice for summer corn were expounded, pointing out the points for attention in land selection before sowing, basal dressing, fine breed selection, sowing and seedling management.

Effects of Main Cultivation Factors on Rapeseed Oil Yield

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of six cultivation fac- tors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount, potash fertilizer amount and boron fertilizer amount on seed oil yield of Brassica napus. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [Result] Oil yield shared a negative correlation with sowing date, a parabolic relationship with plant density mostly, parabolic rela- tionships with amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer and amount of applied boron fer- tilizer, straight-line relationships with amount of applied phosphate fertilizer and amount of applied potash fertilizer. The average amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer required to obtain the highest oil yield was 185.18 kg/hm2 for high-oil rape varieties （with oil content above 44.00%）, and under this condition, the average oil yield of low-oil rape varieties （with oil content below 42.00%） was 1 247.84 kg/hm2, while that of high-oil rape varieties was 1 442.60 kg/hm2, which was 15.61% more than the former. The average amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer required to obtain the highest oil yield for lower-oil rape varieties was 286.28 kg/hm2, and under this con- dition, the average oil yield of the low-oil rape varieties was 1 350.57 kg/hm2, while that of the high-oil varieties was 6.81% higher than it. There was a significant neg- ative correlation between rapeseed oil yield and the amount of applied nitrogen fer- tilizer to obtain the highest oil yield （0.980 0）. The optimum amount of applied ni- trogen, phosphate, potash and boron fertilizer were 187.5-195, 187.5-195, 105-120, 135-150 and 15-22.5 kg/hm2 for high-oil B. napus varieties. [Conclusion] This study determined the influence of sowing date, plant density and amount of applied nitro- gen fertilizer on oil yield of B. napus, and proposed an optimum cultivation pattern for high-oil varieties.

Correlation,Regression and Path Analysis between Yield Traits and Yield of Yongyou No.9

[Objective] The research aimed to understand the high and efficiency technique in intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9.[Method] We conducted the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis of intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9 based on the data of its ear,grain and weight at different yield levels.[Result]The performance of ear,grain and weight in Yongyou No.9 showed significant difference among different yield levels.The enhancement of effective ears would restrain the number of per ear total grains.It was found that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were determined to be per ear total grainseffective earseed setting rate1 000-grain weight.[Conclusion]The high-yield and effective cultivation techniques were suggested as follows：on the basis of certain effective ear number,grain number per ear should be mainly focused with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.

Automatic Monitoring of Chilling Requirement for Sweet Cherry and Its Application in Protected Cultivation

For sweet cherry, the economic benefit of protected cultivation is much higher than that of open field cultivation. However, problems such as nonuniform germination, aberrant flower, abortion, bad fruit setting and delayed maturation appear frequently due to the inaccurate regulation of chilling requirement. In order to solve the problems, an automatic system for monitoring, selecting and recording of chilling requirement in protected cultivation of sweet cherry was designed and developed. The system, which consisted of temperature detection, effective chilling temperature selection, signal conversion and output and chilling accumulation display, had been continuously used in protected cultivation of sweet cherry for 3 years and good effects had been achieved. The system monitored chilling accumu- lation accurately and made it more reasonable for the time selection of greenhouse covering, thus avoiding risks of nonuniform germination, bad fruit setting and de- layed maturation, etc. Under the coordinate application of this system with other modern measuring and controlling techniques such as automatic detection and alarming of temperature and humidity, the environment in greenhouses was regulated precisely that the uniform fruits were obtained and the expected yield, quality and harvest time were achieved.

高产抗病大豆新品种吉育513的选育及栽培技术

为给优质高产大豆品种的研发提供参考和借鉴,吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所2009年以吉育47为母本,以铁97124-1-1为父本,配制杂交组合,采用系谱法选育出高产抗病大豆新品种吉育513。2019—2020年参加国家北方春大豆中晚熟组区域试验,平均产量3248.5 kg·hm^(-2),比对照吉育72增产6.1%。2020年参加生产试验,平均产量3301.5 kg·hm^(-2),比对照吉育72增产12.1%。2021年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为国审豆20210032。该品种具有高产、稳产和抗病等优良特性,特别适合在吉林省南中部、辽宁省东部和北部、宁夏回族自治区北部、山西省北部、河北省承德地区以及甘肃省张掖地区进行春季播种。该品种是通过传统育种技术与肥力优化筛选相结合的育种模式选育而成的,这种选育模式将对我国大豆产业的未来发展产生深远而积极的影响,如果优化有机和无机的配施比例,吉育513将更能发挥其高产潜力。

“贵妃”枇杷高产高效栽培技术

“贵妃”枇杷是福建省农业科学院果树研究所通过实生选种选育出的白肉枇杷新品种,2014年6月30日通过全国热带作物品种审定委员会审定。近年来在福建、四川、重庆、广东等地引种示范,取得了良好效果。为了更好地促进福建枇杷品种结构调整、品质提升和枇杷产业的可持续发展,本文从肥水管理、生草栽培、树体管理、花果管理和病虫害防治等方面介绍了“贵妃”枇杷高产高效栽培技术。

杂交水稻新组合卓两优1126百亩片单产17.79 t/hm^(2)超高产栽培技术

卓两优1126是湖南杂交水稻研究中心和湖南农业大学用小粒不育系卓201S与大粒恢复系R1126选配而成的强优势新组合。该组合株叶形态好,剑叶挺直,穗层相对较低,根系发达,穗大粒多,结实率高,稻米品质好,具有优异的抗倒伏能力和较大的高产潜力。同时,该组合的小粒型不育系可进行轻简机械化制种,实现杂交水稻种子生产全程机械化,降低种子成本,促进水稻生产方式转型。2023年卓两优1126在云南省蒙自市进行百亩超高产攻关示范,平均单产达17.79 t/hm^(2)。本文详细阐述了卓两优1126百亩片单产17.79 t/hm^(2)超高产栽培技术,并提出栽培种植过程中获取高产的关键措施。

高产、优质、多抗酿造用糯高粱杂交种辽糯22选育及栽培技术

糯高粱杂交种辽糯22(LA34×LNR8)是辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所于2018年以自选不育系LA34为母本,自选恢复系LNR8为父本,于2018年春季在海南组配而成LA34×LNR8杂交组合。2018~2019年连续2年在所内进行了产量和抗性鉴定,表现优异,2020~2021年参加全国高粱品种区域试验,平均产量587.8 kg/667m^(2)。2023年12月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。该品种熟期适中、农艺性状好、糯性遗传稳定,是一个高产、优质、多抗的酿造用糯高粱杂交种。

高密度栽培条件下灌水量对河西灌区玉米群体质量及水分利用效率的影响

提高种植密度是玉米产量持续增长的重要措施,探讨高密度栽培下的合理灌溉定额对保障玉米高产及水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。2023年4—10月在河西灌区张掖节水农业试验站开展田间试验,研究高密度栽培条件下不同灌水量(270.0、390.0、510.0、630.0 mm)对玉米群体质量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,随着灌水量的增加,玉米的干物质量、产量呈增加趋势,高灌水量(630.0 mm)下的干物质量和产量均最高,中等灌水量(510.0 mm)下干物质量、产量分别高达32013.36、16000.31 kg/hm2,仅比高灌水量处理分别低2.89%、3.13%,而在390.0、270.0 mm灌水量下显著降低。各处理的光合势、生长速率随生育进程的推进先增加后降低,其中吐丝期后20 d达到最大,且随灌水量增加而增大;吐丝期后20 d至灌浆中期,510.0、390.0 mm灌水量下的光合势下降幅度为0.38%、2.40%,生长速率下降幅度为26.16%、30.19%,均低于高灌水量处理和低灌水量(270.0 mm)处理。玉米水分利用效率随灌水量、耗水量增加先上升后下降,390.0、510.0 mm灌水量处理下水分利用效率分别为26.21、25.14 kg/(hm2·mm),差异不显著;而产量最高的高灌水量处理及耗水量最低的低灌水量处理仅为22.77、23.98 kg/(hm2·mm),均低于390.0、510.0 mm灌水量处理。综合考虑玉米产量与水分利用效率等指标,在种植密度为11.70万株/hm2条件下,510.0 mm为玉米生育期适宜灌水量,可实现增产节水目标。

无花果优质安全生产技术

本文对无花果的优质安全生产技术进行了综述,涉及建园及设施选择、整形修剪、土肥管理、病虫害防治和苗木繁育等5个环节,对无花果生产过程中的选址要求、修剪方法、常见病虫害、土壤改良、灌水施肥标准以及常用的苗木繁育方法进行了详细阐述,以期为无花果的标准化生产实践提供参考。

谷优676在尤溪县作再生稻种植的特征特性及高效栽培技术

谷优676是福建兴禾种业科技有限公司、福建省农业科学院水稻研究所、福建禾丰种业股份有限公司用谷丰A与福恢676杂交选育的品种,2017年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。谷优676连续3 a在尤溪县作再生稻示范种植,具有高产、抗病、熟相好、抗逆性和再生力强等特点。总结了谷优676作再生稻种植的高产高效生产关键技术。