Manufacturing Error Effects on Mechanical Properties and Dynamic Characteristics of Rotor Parts under High Acceleration

Stress, strain and vibration characteristics of rotor parts should be changed significantly under high acceleration, manufacturing error is one of the most important reason. However, current research on this prob- lem has not been carried out. A rotor with an acceleration of 150,000 g is considered as the objective, the effects of manufacturing errors on rotor mechanical properties and dynamic characteristics are executed by the selection of the key affecting factors. Through the force balance equation of the rotor infinitesimal unit establishment, a theoretical model of stress calculation based on slice method is pro- posed and established, a formula for the rotor stress at any point derives. A finite element model （FEM） of rotor with holes is established with manufacturing errors. The chan- ges of the stresses and strains of a rotor in parallelism and symmetry errors are analyzed, which verify the validity of the theoretical model. The pre-stressing modal analysis is performed based on the aforementioned static analysis. The key dynamic characteristics are analyzed. The results demonstrated that, as the parallelism and symmetry errors increase, the equivalent stresses and strains of the rotor slowly increase linearly, the highest growth rate does not exceed 4%, the maximum change rate of natural frequency is 0.1%. The rotor vibration mode is not significantlyaffected. The FEM construction method of the rotor with manufacturing errors can be utilized for the quantitative research on rotor characteristics, which will assist in the active control of rotor component reliability under high acceleration.

Rotor Strength Analysis of High-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

为了对转子进行有效的冷却，在满足电机电磁性能的前提下，可通过减小保护套的厚度来尽可能增大定转子之间的气隙，因而必须对保护套和永磁体进行强度校核。将转子受力状况简化为平面应变问题，在此基础上推导出了两层过盈配合、三层过盈配合转子的应力场、应变场、位移场的解析公式，并利用有限元方法验证了解析公式的正确性。归纳了高速情况下热套式永磁转子强度设计准则，为转子的优化设计提供了理论依据。以一台额定转速120kr／min、10kW的高速永磁同步电机为例，给出了两种常用过盈配合高速电机转子的强度设计方法。

An High-Speed Low-Noise Rotor Topology for EV/HEV PMSM

Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)for EV/HEV pursues higher efficiency,higher power density,higher rotation speed and better NVH performance.To meet these requirements,an improved triangle rotor topology is presented.The new rotor topology is researched through comparing the performance with V shape rotor and traditional triangle shape rotor.The comparing results on air-gap flux density,key order radial forces,sound pressure,inductance,torque,anti-demagnetization capability and efficiency proved the advantage of the new rotor topology.

HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS ON ROTOR HUB BASED ON APPROXIMATION TECHNIQUE

A high cycle fatigue reliability analysis approach to helicopter rotor hub is proposed under working load spectrum. Automatic calculation for the approach is implemented through writing the calculating programs. In the system, the modification of geometric model of rotor hub is controlled by several parameters, and finite element method and S-N curve method are then employed to solve the fatigue life by automatically assigned parameters. A database between assigned parameters and fatigue life is obtained via Latin Hypercube Sampling （LHS） on toler- ance zone of rotor hub. Different data-fitting technologies are used and compared to determine a highest-precision approximation for this database. The parameters are assumed to he independent of each other and follow normal distributions. Fatigue reliability is then computed by the Monte Carlo （MC） method and the mean-value first order second moment （MFOSM） method. Results show that the approach has high efficiency and precision, and is suit- able for engineering application.

Highly-Efficient Aerodynamic Optimal Design of Rotor Airfoil Using Viscous Adjoint Method

In order to overcome the efficiency problem of the conventional gradient-based optimal design method,a highly-efficient viscous adjoint-based RANS equations method is applied to the aerodynamic optimal design of hovering rotor airfoil.The C-shaped body-fitted mesh is firstly automatically generated around the airfoil by solving the Poisson equations,and the Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations combined with Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)one-equation turbulence model are used as the governing equations to acquire the reliable flowfield variables.Then,according to multi-constrained characteristics of the optimization of high lift/drag ratio for hovering rotor airfoil,its corresponding adjoint equations,boundary conditions and gradient expressions are newly derived.On these bases,two representative rotor airfoils,NACA0012 airfoil and SC1095 airfoil,are selected as numerical examples to optimize their synthesized aerodynamic characteristics about lift/drag ratio in hover,and better aerodynamic performance of optimal airfoils are obtained compared with the baseline.Furthermore,the new designed rotor with the optimized rotor airfoil has better hover aerodynamic characteristics compared with the baseline rotor.In contrast to the baseline airfoils optimized by the finite difference method,it is demonstrated that the adjoint optimal algorithm itself is practical and highly-efficient for the aerodynamic optimization of hover rotor airfoil.

High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Hovering Rotor Simulations Based on a Rotating Reference Frame

An implicit higher ? order discontinuous Galerkin(DG) spatial discretization for the compressible Euler equations in a rotating frame of reference is presented and applied to a rotor in hover using hexahedral grids. Instead of auxiliary methods like grid adaptation,higher ? order simulations(fourth ? and fifth ? order accuracy) are adopted.Rigorous numerical experiments are carefully designed,conducted and analyzed. The results show generally excellent consistence with references and vigorously demonstrate the higher?order DG method's better performance in loading distribution computations and tip vortex capturing, with much fewer degrees of freedom(DoF). Detailed investigations on the outer boundary conditions for hovering rotors are presented as well. A simple but effective speed smooth procedure is developed specially for the DG method. Further results reveal that the rarely used pressure restriction for outlet speed has a considerable advantage over the extensively adopted vertical speed restriction.

Cooling and Optimization in the Groove of the Outer Rotor HubMotor

The external rotor hub motor adopts direct drive mode,no deceleration drive device,and has a compact structure.Its axial size is smaller than that of a deceleration-driven hub motor,which greatly reduces the weight of the vehicle and increases the cruising range of the vehicle.Because of the limited special working environment and performance requirements,the hub motor has a small internal space and a large heat generation,so it puts forward higher requirements for heat dissipation capacity.For the external rotor hub motor,a new type of in-tank watercooled structure of hub motor was proposed to improve its cooling effect and performance.Firstly,the threedimensional finite element model of the motor is established to analyze the characteristics of motor loss and temperature field distribution.Secondly,the cooling performance of different cooling structures in the tank was studied.Finally,the thermal network model and three-dimensional finite element analysis were used to optimize the water-cooled structure in the tank,and the power density of themotor was improved by improving the cooling performance under the condition of volume limitation of the hub motor.The results show that the cooling effect of the proposed water-cooled structure in the tank is significant under the condition of constant power density.Compared to natural ventilation,the maximum temperature was reduced by 33.13°C and the cooling effect was increased by about 27.7%.

Research on Rubbing-fault Diagnosis System in High-speed Rotor based on LabVIEW

The rubbing between rotors and determiners is the common mechanic vibration fault in the operation of rotation machinery. During the operation of equipment, in order to meet the demand of high speed and efficiency of machinery, the gap between the active and passive parts of the rotor system become smaller, which results in the common rubbing fault of rotors and stators. This essay studies the fault diagnosis of high speed rotors based on invented instrument and shows the measurement and research of the signals of rubbing failure of high speed rotors. The research introduces the designed software and hardware which are experimented and testified on Bentley rotor experiment platform. The system has theoretical and applicative meaning in practical projects.

基于SAMCEF Rotor的高速泵转子临界转速分析

为了提高高速泵的可靠性,利用专业的转子动力学特性分析软件SAMCEF Rotor对高速矿用抢险泵转子系统进行分析,研究转子的动力特性--临界转速及其振型,根据径向轴承参数建模,分别采用一维梁模型,二维傅里叶模型和三维实体模型进行计算比对,得到了各自的坎贝尔图和临界转速及振型。研究表明,三种模型吻合的状态基本一致,设计方案避免了工作转速达到临界转速产生共振现象。根据转子动力学分析软件SAMCEF Rotor分析研究,临界转速的计算方法比较完善,分析结果较为精确,且一维及二维模型求解法对计算机配置要求低,求解耗时短。

基于多物理场的低温泵电机转子分析

高速低温离心泵电机转子运行时沉浸在低温流体中,除了受到旋转带来的离心力作用,还承受低温流体带来的影响,常温电机的设计方法并没有考虑到低温流体的影响。为此建立了电机电磁模型,分析了电机转子在低温环境中的损耗,搭建了低温泵电机转子及外部流场的三维模型,基于多物理场进行热-流-固耦合分析,得到在低温浸液环境中电机腔内流体的温度分布以及转子应力分布。多物理场的耦合分析得到了气隙内的流体分布规律以及电机转子在低温环境中的受力与温度分布规律,对低温转子的设计具有参考意义。

超高速离心叶轮转子系统不平衡响应研究

为避免因不平衡激励引起的超高速离心叶轮转子系统振动响应大及跨临界时运动失稳,采用Ansys转子动力学响应分析模块,综合考虑滑动轴承的刚度与阻尼,对超高速离心叶轮转子系统进行不平衡激励响应分析,得出不同不平衡激励下超高速离心叶轮转子系统的动态响应。同时,采用DEWESoft振动测试系统对超高速离心叶轮转子系统的转频振动值跟踪记录,并与不平衡响应分析结果对比,得出超高速离心叶轮转子系统动平衡精度等级需优于G1级。该不平衡激励响应分析与控制方法得到了较好的试验验证,具有重要的工程应用意义。

Rotor综合征合并HBsAg携带者1例报道

Rotor综合征(Rotor syndrome,RS)是一种常染色体隐性遗传病,是遗传性高结合胆红素血症的一种,因肝细胞摄取游离胆红素和排泄结合胆红素先天性缺陷,造成慢性良性间歇性黄疸。临床上较少见,易误诊,尤其是当合并有慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)时。现将湖南中医药大学第一附属医院诊治的1例RS患者的临床资料进行总结分析。

Using of High Altitude Wind Energy

Ground based, wind energy extraction systems have reached their maximum capability. The limitations of current de-signs are: wind instability, high cost of installations, and small power output of a single unit. The wind energy industry needs of revolutionary ideas to increase the capabilities of wind installations. This article suggests a revolutionary innovation which produces a dramatic increase in power per unit and is independent of prevailing weather and at a lower cost per unit of energy extracted. The main innovation consists of large free-flying air rotors positioned at high altitude for power and air stream stability, and an energy cable transmission system between the air rotor and a ground based electric generator. The air rotor system flies at high altitude up to 14 km. A stability and control is provided and systems enable the changing of altitude. This article includes six examples having a high unit power output (up to 100 MW). The proposed examples provide the following main advantages: 1) Large power production capacity per unit—up to 5,000 - 10,000 times more than conventional ground-based rotor designs;2) The rotor operates at high altitude of 1 - 14 km, where the wind flow is strong and steady;3) Installation cost per unit energy is low;4) The installation is environmentally friendly (no propeller noise).

电动汽车用新型模块化聚磁转子永磁电机设计及其对比分析

将轮辐型内置式转子和Halbach永磁阵列结合,并取消转子铁心加强筋,减小漏磁达到高聚磁同时兼顾凸极比,实现高转矩/功率密度和宽调速范围。在保证永磁体用量相同的情况下,建立新型高凸极比聚磁转子和V型转子两种电机模型,针对两者的分段转子拓扑,开展电磁性能对比分析,包括气隙磁密、凸极比、功率以及弱磁扩速能力等。同时,考虑到无转子铁心加强筋会导致转子分段存在结构强度问题,仿真验证新型高凸极比聚磁转子结构在最高转速6000 r/min时给予碳纤维护套保护下转子结构强度的可靠性;分析温度限制下新型高凸极比转子电机的功率输出。另外,对比两种不同电机结构的振动噪声情况。最后,研制一台16极/72槽新型高凸极比转子永磁电机样机,实验验证有限元分析结果的准确性。进一步说明了新型高凸极比转子永磁电机在转矩/功率密度和宽调速运行等方面的性能优势。

Design of an Asymmetric Rotor Pole for Wound Field Synchronous Machines

This study proposes a novel asymmetric rotor pole design for wound field synchronous machines(WFSMs),which can achieve high saliency ratio and also low torque ripple.The key point is the optimal design of the asymmetric rotor pole with the inverse-cosine-shaped(ICS)plus reverse 3rd harmonic shaping.The asymmetric rotor pole can help to improve the average output torque by enhancing the saliency ratio.The reverse 3rd harmonic shaping on the rotor pole surface is mainly used to reduce the torque ripple.To certify the effectivity of the proposed design,three-phase 54-slot/6-pole 4.7kW WFSMs with uniform air gap and with non-uniform air gap shaped by the ICS plus optimum reverse 3rd harmonic are utilized as the basic model and referenced model for comparison.For the referenced model,the optimum amplitude of reverse 3rd harmonic is preferred as 1/6.Finally,all electromagnetic characteristics of the investigated machines are predicted by the finite-element method(FEM).The highest saliency ratio and comparatively low torque ripple have been verified.

1.1 MW高速内置式永磁同步电机新型转子拓扑设计与强度优化

大功率高速永磁电机中通常采用绑扎碳纤维护套的方式来降低转子应力,然而护套厚度过大会导致等效气隙增加,电机性能随之降低。针对这一问题,设计了一种具有新型转子拓扑结构的1.1 MW、18 000 r/min的内置式高速永磁同步电机。该结构采用永磁体分段设计,并增设加强筋,分担转子隔磁桥处的应力,使护套厚度得到有效降低。同时,将转子外部隔磁桥处替换为非导磁填充块,阻断漏磁路径,提升永磁体利用率。最后,有限元分析结果表明,相较于初始模型,新型结构电机在等效气隙增大1.5 mm的情况下,输出转矩达到600.44 N·m,增加了16.86 N·m,并且新型转子铁心最大应力降低了496.82 MPa,转子结构的机械强度得到显著提高,可为大功率高速永磁电机转子拓扑设计提供参考。

车用柴油机高压比宽流量增压器研制

目的 对于单级高压比宽流量增压器,为适应发动机强化指标,进行一系列的改进设计。方法 利用仿真设计与试验相结合的方法,对高海拔环境应用增压器进行改进设计。通过理论推导,确定压气机及涡轮的气动性能优化设计方法,开展高稳定裕度转子轴承系统设计方法研究与验证。结果 匹配高压比宽流量增压器的发动机与原机相比,高原功率恢复了17%,发动机排气温度降低了7%,增压器转速降低了13%。结论 在原机的基础上设计了压比为4.6的宽流量高性能涡轮增压器,成功实现了高压比宽流量增压器的设计,满足了发动机平原、高原不同环境的运行需求。

基于代理模型的双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机优化设计

为解决常规低速大转矩电机普遍存在体转矩密度低、永磁体用量多等问题,提出了一种双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机拓扑结构。然而,该种电机结构相对复杂、设计参数多、优化难度大,对此提出了一种基于代理模型的双气隙混合转子低速大转矩同步电机高效优化设计方法。首先,以提高输出转矩与降低转矩脉动为优化目标,对电机的参数进行敏感性分析,实现了在保证代理模型精确度的基础上精简优化变量。然后,为提高该种电机多目标优化设计的精确度和效率,同时缩短优化周期,提出了一种序贯子空间与模式搜索算法相结合的优化算法对电机进行优化处理。最后通过有限元仿真与实验方法验证了所构建代理模型的精确性、合理性和优化方法的有效性、先进性。

高压煤油恒速液动机转子倾覆现象的理论研究

介绍了高压煤油恒速液动机(简称“液动机”)的转子倾覆现象,分析了机理,并按照发生的原因将倾覆现象分为主动倾覆和被动倾覆。重点研究了主动倾覆,基于对转子柱塞组件的受力分析,提出了倾覆条件的数学表达,引入了无量纲的倾覆安全系数,以定量表达倾覆风险。分析了被动倾覆的原因,并提出了解决被动倾覆的方法。在产品设计中应避免出现主动倾覆和被动倾覆。

轴承转子系统快变过程振动响应的高精度频谱分析

针对高速轴承转子系统的启停过程,研究平稳和非平稳信号的高精度频谱分析方法,利用比例校正法对平稳信号频谱分析后的频率、幅值、相位进行了校正,建立一种将t时空域非平稳信号转变为t~2时空域平稳信号的方法,并基于平稳信号的比例校正法对其进行频谱分析,最后返回到t时空域获得某时刻的频域参数。仿真分析结果表明:该方法可以准确提取平稳信号的谱特征,也能较精确地提取非平稳信号特定时刻的频率、幅值和相位,提取结果精度较好,有效解决轴承转子系统快变过程的谱分析特征提取问题,为动力学特性分析提供了新思路。