AIM To determine the effect of tempol in normal rats fed high salt on arterial pressure and the balance between antagonist components of the renal renin-angiotensin system.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 8% ...AIM To determine the effect of tempol in normal rats fed high salt on arterial pressure and the balance between antagonist components of the renal renin-angiotensin system.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 8% NaCl high-salt （HS） or 0.4% NaCl （normal-salt, NS） diet for 3 wk, with or without tempol （T） （1 mmol/L, administered in drinking water）. Mean arterial pressure （MAP）, glomerular fltration rate （GFR）, and urinary sodium excretion （UVNa） were measured. We evaluated angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）, angiotensin 1-7 （Ang 1-7）, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）, mas receptor （MasR）, angiotensin type 1 receptor （AT1R） and angiotensin type 2 receptor （AT2R） in renal tissues by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSThe intake of high sodium produced a slight but signifcant increase in MAP and differentially regulated components of the renal renin-angiotensin system （RAS）. This included an increase in Ang Ⅱ and AT1R, and decrease in ACE-2 staining intensity using immunohistochemistry. Antioxidant supplementation with tempol increased natriuresis and GFR, prevented changes in blood pressure and reversed the imbalance of renal RAS components. This includes a decrease in Ang Ⅱ and AT1R, as increase in AT2, ACE2, Ang （1-7） and MasR staining intensity using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the natriuretic effects of tempol were observed in NS-T group, which showed an increased staining intensity of AT2, ACE2, Ang （1-7） and MasR.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a high salt diet leads to changes in the homeostasis and balance between opposing components of the renal RAS in hypertension to favour an increase in Ang Ⅱ. Chronic antioxidant supplementation can modulate the balance between the natriuretic and antinatriuretic components of the renal RAS.展开更多
目的分析高钠饮食对我国胃癌疾病负担的影响情况,为胃癌高危人群防治策略优化提供参考。方法采用2019全球疾病负担研究(global burden of disease study 2019,GBD 2019)中的中国胃癌疾病负担数据,以Joinpoint回归模型分析1990—2019年...目的分析高钠饮食对我国胃癌疾病负担的影响情况,为胃癌高危人群防治策略优化提供参考。方法采用2019全球疾病负担研究(global burden of disease study 2019,GBD 2019)中的中国胃癌疾病负担数据,以Joinpoint回归模型分析1990—2019年我国高钠饮食所致胃癌死亡率和伤残调整生命年(disability‐adjusted life‐years,DALYs)的变化及其趋势,以平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)和95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)表示各相邻年份间构成比的变化量。结果我国高钠饮食所致胃癌死亡例数和粗死亡率自1990年的27226例(占我国胃癌总死亡例数8.913%)、2.300/10万上升至2019年的37131例(占我国胃癌总死亡数8.808%)、2.611/10万,但DALYs率从62.048/10万下降至61.434/10万。1990—2019年我国居民高钠饮食所致胃癌合计标化死亡率逐年下降1.716%,其中男性逐年下降1.221%,女性逐年下降2.661%(均P<0.001);标化DALYs率逐年下降2.005%,其中男性逐年下降1.495%,女性逐年下降3.067%。各年龄组DALYs率均呈下降趋势(均P<0.01),其中55~59岁居民的DALYs率下降速度最快(AAPC=-2.547%),80岁及以上居民的DALYs率下降速度较慢(AAPC=-0.702%)。我国居民高钠饮食所致胃癌标化DALYs率逐年下降(AAPC=-2.005%),下降速度高于中低和低社会人口指数(socio‐demographic index,SDI)国家或地区(AAPC=-1.209%、-1.119%),但低于全球以及高、中高、中SDI国家或地区的平均水平(AAPC=-2.094%、-3.166%、-2.361%、-2.090%)。结论我国居民高钠饮食所致的胃癌疾病负担逐年下降但水平仍较高,男性高于女性,老年男性人群是重点干预人群,应加强减盐饮食干预,以降低胃癌疾病负担。展开更多
为建立由高脂饲料诱导的肥胖易感(obesity-susceptible,OS)和肥胖抵抗(obesity-resistant,OR)大鼠模型,并探讨在高脂饲料中添加丁酸钠对二者的作用,给予SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠高脂饲料饲喂3周后依据其体质量增加量排序并再分组,上1/3作...为建立由高脂饲料诱导的肥胖易感(obesity-susceptible,OS)和肥胖抵抗(obesity-resistant,OR)大鼠模型,并探讨在高脂饲料中添加丁酸钠对二者的作用,给予SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠高脂饲料饲喂3周后依据其体质量增加量排序并再分组,上1/3作为OS组,下1/3作为OR组,继续给予高脂饲料喂养12周,OS大鼠体质量增加明显,体质指数、皮下脂肪、内脏脂肪和体脂肪含量以及血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、瘦素与对照组比较显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),OR组各项指标与对照组比较在统计学上无显著差异(P>0.05).按照此造模方法从饲喂高脂饲料第4周起,丁酸钠干预(obesity intervention with sodium butyrate,OI)组增加8 mmol/L丁酸钠生理盐水(0.9%氯化钠)溶液1 m L灌胃,1次/日;肥胖对照(obesity control,OC)组则用1 m L 0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,1次/日,共干预16周.结果表明:添加丁酸钠后,OI组大鼠体质量增加、体质指数、皮下脂肪、内脏脂肪和体脂肪含量以及血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、瘦素与OC组比较均显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).说明SD大鼠对于高脂饲料具有不同的应答能力,可获得肥胖敏感及肥胖抵抗模型;对于高脂饮食敏感的SD大鼠,在其高脂饲料中添加丁酸盐能够改善其体质量增加与体质指数,减少体脂肪含量,降低血脂与血清瘦素水平.展开更多
基金Supported by A grant from the Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBACYT 20020130200105BA)
文摘AIM To determine the effect of tempol in normal rats fed high salt on arterial pressure and the balance between antagonist components of the renal renin-angiotensin system.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 8% NaCl high-salt （HS） or 0.4% NaCl （normal-salt, NS） diet for 3 wk, with or without tempol （T） （1 mmol/L, administered in drinking water）. Mean arterial pressure （MAP）, glomerular fltration rate （GFR）, and urinary sodium excretion （UVNa） were measured. We evaluated angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）, angiotensin 1-7 （Ang 1-7）, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）, mas receptor （MasR）, angiotensin type 1 receptor （AT1R） and angiotensin type 2 receptor （AT2R） in renal tissues by immunohistochemistry.RESULTSThe intake of high sodium produced a slight but signifcant increase in MAP and differentially regulated components of the renal renin-angiotensin system （RAS）. This included an increase in Ang Ⅱ and AT1R, and decrease in ACE-2 staining intensity using immunohistochemistry. Antioxidant supplementation with tempol increased natriuresis and GFR, prevented changes in blood pressure and reversed the imbalance of renal RAS components. This includes a decrease in Ang Ⅱ and AT1R, as increase in AT2, ACE2, Ang （1-7） and MasR staining intensity using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the natriuretic effects of tempol were observed in NS-T group, which showed an increased staining intensity of AT2, ACE2, Ang （1-7） and MasR.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a high salt diet leads to changes in the homeostasis and balance between opposing components of the renal RAS in hypertension to favour an increase in Ang Ⅱ. Chronic antioxidant supplementation can modulate the balance between the natriuretic and antinatriuretic components of the renal RAS.
文摘为建立由高脂饲料诱导的肥胖易感(obesity-susceptible,OS)和肥胖抵抗(obesity-resistant,OR)大鼠模型,并探讨在高脂饲料中添加丁酸钠对二者的作用,给予SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠高脂饲料饲喂3周后依据其体质量增加量排序并再分组,上1/3作为OS组,下1/3作为OR组,继续给予高脂饲料喂养12周,OS大鼠体质量增加明显,体质指数、皮下脂肪、内脏脂肪和体脂肪含量以及血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、瘦素与对照组比较显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),OR组各项指标与对照组比较在统计学上无显著差异(P>0.05).按照此造模方法从饲喂高脂饲料第4周起,丁酸钠干预(obesity intervention with sodium butyrate,OI)组增加8 mmol/L丁酸钠生理盐水(0.9%氯化钠)溶液1 m L灌胃,1次/日;肥胖对照(obesity control,OC)组则用1 m L 0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,1次/日,共干预16周.结果表明:添加丁酸钠后,OI组大鼠体质量增加、体质指数、皮下脂肪、内脏脂肪和体脂肪含量以及血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、瘦素与OC组比较均显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).说明SD大鼠对于高脂饲料具有不同的应答能力,可获得肥胖敏感及肥胖抵抗模型;对于高脂饮食敏感的SD大鼠,在其高脂饲料中添加丁酸盐能够改善其体质量增加与体质指数,减少体脂肪含量,降低血脂与血清瘦素水平.
