Breeding of National Authorized New Wheat Variety Shannong 116 and Supporting Cultivation Technical Measures for High Yield, High Quality and High Efficiency

Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.

High Temperature-preventing Cultivation Technology of Single-season Middle Rice for High Yield and High Quality in Jianghuai Area

In recent years,with the global climate change,the frequency and duration of high temperature in summer and autumn have increased,causing high temperature heat damage to summer crops such as rice and maize.From the end of July to early August is the main period of high temperature occurrence,during which the daily average temperature above 30℃is a high probability event,and even the highest temperature is above 38℃,while this period coincides with the booting-blooming-filling stage of the single-season middle rice in Jianghuai,especially the middle-season indica rice,so it often leads to the degradation of rice spikelets,pollen abortion,difficulty in pollen dispersion,and even difficulty in heading,resulting in a serious decline in the seed setting rate and poor filling of grains,which finally affect the yield and quality.Based on the goal of high-yielding high-quality rice cultivation,this paper proposed targeted technical measures for single-season middle rice from the aspects of planting time sequence optimization,selection of high-temperature-resistant varieties,population construction,fertilizer and water management technology,and how to compensate for the occurrence of unexpected disasters to promote plant growth.This study provides technical support for high-yielding high-quality stress-resistant and disaster-reducing rice cultivation technology.

Technical Measures for High Quality and High Yield of Free-range Sows in Rural Areas

Today,with the rapid development of modern and large-scale pig industry,free-range pig farming is still an important part of the breeding industry.Different from large-scale pig farms,there are many shortcomings in feeding management,pig disease prevention and control and so on for small-scale farmers.In the long-term clinical diagnosis and production practice,it is found that sows raised by small-scale farmers often have some problems,such as non-estrus,repeated infertility and"false pregnancy",weak farrowing,stillbirth,and postpartum piglet death.This paper makes a comprehensive analysis on the performance and etiology of the above-mentioned free-range sows,and puts forward the corresponding prevention and control measures,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the feeding and management of rural free-range sows.

Screening of New High Quality and High Yield Sweet Potato Varieties in Zaozhuang of Shandong Province

[Objectives]To compare the growth period,dry matter content and yield of 12 different sweet potato varieties,so as to screen out new sweet potato varieties with high yield,high quality and high dry matter content suitable for cultivation in Zaozhuang of Shandong Province.[Methods]Field random arrangement,three replicates,and field observation were adopted,and data were surveyed and summarized.[Results]There were significant differences in the maturity period between varieties.Longshu 9,Hongxiangjiao,Sushu 8,Yanshu 25,and Yanshu 0747 in the fresh eating group were mature earlier,and Yuzi 7 was mature later;Xushu 32 in the starch group was mature earlier,while Xushu 22(ck),Shangshu 19,Jishu 25,and Jishu 98 had moderate maturity period,and Jixu 23 was mature later.The difference in the yield between the fresh eating group and the starch group reached a very significant level.In the fresh eating group,Yanshu 25 had the highest yield,followed by Longshu 9,and then Yanshu 0747;in the starch group,Jishu 98 had the highest yield,followed by Shangshu 19,and then Jixu 23.Besides,there were significant differences in the dry matter content between varieties.In the fresh eating group,Yuzi 7 had the highest dry matter content(30.4%),followed by Yanshu 25(28.1%),and then Yanshu 0747(28.1%);in the starch group,Xushu 32 had the highest dry matter content(33.6%),followed by Jishu 25(32%),and then Jishu 98(31.5%).[Conclusions]Combining the maturity period,yield,dry matter content,appearance,taste and unique ecological conditions in Zaozhuang area,the varieties suitable for cultivation in Zaozhuang area were screened:in the fresh eating group,it was Yanshu 25 and Longshu 9;in the starch group,it was Jishu 98,Shangshu 19,and Jixu 23.

Yield Characteristics of a New High-quality Disease-resistant Wheat Variety Chuanmai 618

[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the yield characteristics of a new high-quality disease-resistant wheat variety Chuanmai 618.[Methods]The yield characteristics of Chuanmai 618 were analyzed using the AMMI model and GGE biplot based on data from a 2-year regional test and a 1-year production test.[Results]The analysis of the AMMI model for the 2-year regional test indicated that Chuanmai 618 had a moderate yield and good stability.During the production test,Chuanmai 618 had an average yield of 450.52 kg/666.7 m^(2),an effective spike of 235700 spike/666.7 m^(2),a 1000-seed weight of 47.93 g,and a kernel number per spike of 47.28.The AMMI analysis sequencing graph showed that the varieties were ranked in the following order:Zhongkemai 1816>Chuanmai 618>Shumai 1958>Chuanyu 42>Mianmai 367>Xikemai 5518.According to the GE analysis,Chuanmai 618 had comparative advantages.[Conclusions]The new wheat variety Chuanmai 618 is a high-quality disease-resistant variety with good yield and stability.

Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage

Due to climate change, extreme heat stress events have become more frequent, adversely affecting rice yield and grain quality. The accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances are essential for rice yield and grain quality. To assess the impact of high temperature stress(HTS) at the early panicle initiation(EPI) stage on the accumulation, transportation, and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen substances in various organs of rice, as well as the resulting effects on rice yield and grain quality, pot experiments were conducted using an indica rice cultivar Yangdao 6(YD6) and a japonica rice cultivar Jinxiangyu 1(JXY1) under both normal temperature(32 ℃/26 ℃) and high temperature(38 ℃/29 ℃) conditions. The results indicated that exposure to HTS at the EPI stage significantly decreased rice yield by reducing spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling rate, and grain weight. However, it improved the nutritional quality of rice grains by increasing protein and amylose contents. The reduction in nitrogen and dry matter accumulation accounted for the changes in spikelet number per panicle, grain-filling rate, and grain size. Under HTS, the decrease in nitrogen accumulation accompanied by the reduction in dry matter may be due to the down-regulation of leaf net photosynthesis and senescence, as evidenced by the decrease in nitrogen content. Furthermore, the decrease in sink size limited the translocation of dry matter and nitrogen substances to grains, which was closely related to the reduction in grain weight and the deterioration of grain quality. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of HTS on grain yield and quality formation from the perspective of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation. Further efforts are needed to improve the adaptability of rice varieties to climate change in the near future.

Irrigating with cooler water does not reverse high temperature impact on grain yield and quality in hybrid rice

Rice grain yield and quality are negatively impacted by high temperature stress.Irrigation water temperature significantly affects rice growth and development,thus influencing yield and quality.The role of cooler irrigation water in counteracting high temperature induced damages in rice grain yield and quality are not explored.Hence,in the present study two rice hybrids,Liangyoupeijiu(LYPJ)and IIyou 602(IIY602)were exposed to heat stress and irrigated with water having different temperatures in a splitsplit plot experimental design.The stress was imposed starting from heading until maturity under field-based heat tents,over two consecutive years.The maximum day temperature inside the heat tents was set at 38℃.For the irrigation treatments,two different water sources were used including belowground water with cooler water temperature and pond water with relatively higher water temperature.Daytime mean temperatures in the heat tents were increased by 1.2–2.0℃ across two years,while nighttime temperature remained similar at both within and outside the heat tents.Cooler belowground water irrigation did have little effect on air temperature at the canopy level but decreased soil temperature(0.2–1.4℃)especially under control.Heat stress significantly reduced grain yield(33%to 43%),panicles m^(-2)(9%to 10%),spikelets m^(-2)(15%to 22%),grain-filling percentage(13%to 26%)and 1000-grain weight(3%to 5%).Heat stress significantly increased chalkiness and protein content and decreased grain length and amylose content.Grain yield was negatively related to air temperature at the canopy level and soil temperature.Whereas grain quality parameters like chalkiness recorded a significantly positive association with both air and soil temperatures.Irrigating with cooler belowground water reduced the negative effect of heat stress on grain yield by 8.8%in LYPJ,while the same effect was not seen in IIY602,indicating cultivar differences in their response to irrigation water temperature.Our findings reveal that irrigating with cooler belowground water would not significantly mitigate yield loss or improve grain quality under realistic field condition.The outcome of this study adds to the scientific knowledge in understanding the interaction between heat stress and irrigation as a mitigation tool.Irrigation water temperature regulation at the rhizosphere was unable to counteract heat stress damages in rice and hence a more integrated management and genetic options at canopy levels should be explored in the future.

Relation Analysis of Several Agronomic Traits and Single Plant Lint Yield in Upland Cotton with High Quality

[ Objective] The purpose was to study the correlation between main agronomic traits and single plant lint yield in upland cotton with high quality. [ Method] Twenty-four upland cotton lines with high quality were analyzed for single plant lint yield and 10 agronomic traits in a randomized, complete block at the agriculture experimental station of JXAU, Nanchang, China in 2007. They were divided into three types （ high, medium, low yield） based on single plant lint yield by Ward＇s method. A total of 11 traits of three types were compared. Correlation a- nalysis and stepwise regression analysis of 10 agronomic traits to single plant lint yield were carried out. [ Result] There existed statistically sig- nificant difference in bolls per plant, ~int percentage, lint index, fruit node numbers, growth period for three yield types. The high yield type ex- hibited the highest bolls per plant, lint percentage and lint index, the lowest fruit node numbers and the shortest growth period. Bolls per plant, boll weight and single plant lint yield were significantly and positively correlated. Fruit node numbers and single plant lint yield were significantly and negatively correlated. Bolls per plant, boll weight, and fruiting position number were the most important factors influencing single plant lint yield of upland cotton lines with high quality. [ Conclusion ] The results will have certain significance for the development of upland cotton variety with high quality.

Study on Key Techniques for High-quality and High-yield Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder

Comparative test of 4 Ganoderma lucidum varieties from different sources showed that the mycelium of Chizhi 1 grew fast with thick and dense hyphae,round and solid cap,and high spore powder yield.Chizhi 1 was proved to be an excellent variety because of its strong resistance and high spore powder yield.Different cultivation materials were chosen and combined to form 3 cultivation formulations.The results showed that Formulation(3),in which basswood was soaked in nutrient solution for 24 h,presented fast mycelial growth and high spore powder output,and therefore was proved to be a high-yield formulation of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

Comparison of Phosphorous Absorption, Quality and Yield Between High Oil Corn and Common Corn as Influenced by Phosphorous Application

A field trial was carried out to investigate phosphorous (P) absorption, grain quality and yield between high oil corn and common corn. The results indicated that high oil corn var.Tongyou 1 obtained lower highest P absorption rate (HAR) and later occurring date of HAR, in comparison with common corn var. Simi 25. The highest HAR and the earliest occurring date of HAR was obtained by the treatments of P45 and P75 in Tongyou 1 and Simi 25 separately; while the total amount of P accumulated by maize plant was achieved by P105 treatment in both varieties. P in grain relied mainly on root uptake at maturation that accounted for 85.7-96.8% and 79.3-84.3% for Tongyou 1 and Simi 25, respectively. Tongyou 1 contained more oil and protein contents, but less starch content with lower grain yield. P application at appropriate rate enhanced contents of protein and fatty acid, but the increment of starch content was neglectable. Acknowledgements This study was financed by the National Key Tech- nologies R & D Program (2004BA520A13), P.R.China.

Cultivation Techniques for High-quality and High-yield Spring Peanut in East Henan Province

Groundnut,also known as peanut,has high economic and medicinal value. A member of the legume crops,it is rich in various nutrients and is one of the main oil crops for processing high-quality edible oil. Compared with other cash crops,planting peanuts can bring greater economic benefits to farmers. In this paper,we summarized techniques of cultivating spring peanut in open fields for years,and explored the problems and difficulties in the cultivation management process,in order to provide technical guidance for the farmers to carry out high-yield spring peanut production.

Effects of High Temperature and Strong Light Combine Stress on Yield and Quality of Early Indica Rice with Different Amylose Content during Grout Filling

High temperature(HT)accompanied with strong light(SL)often occurs in early indica rice production during grout filling stage in Southern China,which accelerates grain ripening.Two indica rice cultivars with different amylose content(Zhongjiazao17,ZJZ17,high amylose content;Xiangzaoxian45,XZX45,low amylose content)were grown under control(CK),HT,and HT+SL conditions during grout filling to determine the effects on grain yield and quality of rice.The results showed that compared with CK,HT and HT+SL significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight and filled grain rate whether in high or low amylose content early indica rice cultivars during grout filling,resulting in a significantly lower grain yield.Meanwhile,HT and HT+SL significantly decreased the milled rice rate,brown rice rate and head rice rate,whereas significantly increased chalky rate and chalky degree;and breakdown decreased and setback,pasting temperature increased in the cultivars,leading to the poor processing,appearance and cooking and eating quality of early indica rice cultivars.Compared with HT,the yield of ZJZ17 was significantly decreased under HT+SL,due to the lower 1000-grain weight.However,the effect of HT+SL on rice quality varied in the cultivars.In general,the yield and rice quality of ZJZ17 were relatively poor under HT+SL.Our results suggested that HT and HT+SL during grout filling had significant damage to the yield and quality of early indica rice cultivars,especially HT+SL,while the high amylose cultivar ZJZ17 showed a higher negative effect under HT+SL.

Investigation of Tree Structure Parameters of High-quality and High-yielding Y-shaped Pear Orchards

In order to study reasonable tree structure parameters of Y-shaped pear orchards in natural conditions and at management technical level of Tai'an area, the tree structure and population structure of high-quality and high-yielding Y-shaped pear orchards were investigated. The results showed that when the yield of Y-shaped 'Oshu' was 2 550 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was about 54 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 80.1% of total number of branches, followed by middle branches, long branches and developmental branches. As the yield of Y-shaped 'Qiuyue' was 2 875 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was 51 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 75.6% of total number of branches, followed by middle branches, long branches and developmental branches. When the yield of Y-shaped 'Niitaka' was 3 000 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was 43 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 82.0% of total number of branches, followed by long branches, middle branches and developmental branches.

Analysis on Characteristics in Quanyou Series of High-quality Mid-season Rice Varieties Suitable for Planting in Hubei Province

In this paper,the basic characteristics of Quanyou series of high-quality rice varieties,suitable for planting in Hubei ecological areas(except Wuling Mountain Area)and approved by the provincial government in 2020,were analyzed.The result showed that,there were 12 suitable rice varieties.From the perspective of the main body of variety breeding,the varieties were mainly selected by enterprises;Quanyou series of high-quality hybrid combinations generally had large grains per panicle and high seed setting rate,but the effective panicle number was general,and the yield per panicle contributed more in unit yield.Quanyou series of high-quality hybrid combinations can be used for the selection and breeding of varieties with good rice quality and blast resistance,but breeding varieties resistant to bacterial blight and brown planthopper should be strengthened.

Study on Introduction Test of New Varieties of High Quality Conventional Rice in Yangjiang City, China

[Objective]The paper was to seek new varieties of high quality conventional rice suitable for Yangjiang area,Guangdong Province,China.[Method]In 2017,introduction test was performed with seven new varieties of high-quality conventional rice approved by Guangdong Province in recent years,including Huangsilizhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Heliyouzhan,Huahang 48,Limiaozhan,Lvyinzhan,Yuehesimiao,to investigate the main agronomic traits and yield of all varieties tested.[Result]The comprehensive performance of Lvyinzhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Limiaozhan and Huahang 48 was outstanding,showing the characters of good yield,excellent rice quality and strong stress resistance.[Conclusion]Lvyinzhan,Guangjingruanzhan,Limiaozhan and Huahang 48 are suitable for large-scale demonstration and promotion in Yangjiang area.

体育用品制造企业数字化建设对其高质量发展的影响及作用机制——基于沪深A股和新三板的体育用品制造企业的实证研究

运用文本挖掘法分析沪深A股体育用品制造企业和新三板体育用品制造企业在2010—2021年的企业年报,基于样本企业在2010—2021年的非均衡面板数据评估企业数字化建设水平,在此基础上分析样本企业通过数字化建设对自身高质量发展的影响及作用机制。经研究表明:1)样本企业通过数字化建设能有效促进自身高质量发展,该结论在经过稳健性检验和内生性检验后依然成立;2)样本企业人力资本结构调整和组织集权强化在通过数字化建设促进企业自身高质量发展时存在中介效应;3)样本企业数字化建设显著增加了研发投入,但是研发投入增加在数字化建设促进企业自身高质量发展时存在遮掩效应;4)数字化建设能减少融资约束,但是融资约束减少对样本企业高质量发展的推动效应在短期内难以显现;5)大型样本企业、劳动密集型样本企业和资本密集型样本企业通过数字化建设能有效促进企业自身高质量发展,但是中小型样本企业在以数字化建设促进自身高质量发展时存在阻力。由此得出相关启示。

施氮量对优质稻G优325氮肥利用率和产量的影响

【目的】探明优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325的适宜施氮量。【方法】设5个施氮量处理(0、60、120、180和240 kg/hm^(2),分别记为N0、N60、N120、N180和N240)进行田间试验,研究不同施氮量对G优325主要生育时期茎糵数、干物质积累与转运能力、氮肥吸收利用率和产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】适当增加施氮量能显著提高G优325的产量,且在N180处理下产量最高。施氮量对产量构成因素、茎蘖数和干物质积累总量影响显著,随着施氮量增加,G优325成熟期的有效穗数、每穗总粒数和干物质积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且有效穗数和干物质积累总量均在N180处理达到最高值,而每穗粒数在N120处理最多。随着施氮量增加,抽穗前后的干物质积累向籽粒的转运量均表现为处理N180>N240>N120>N60>N0;拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的氮素积累总量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,且均在N180处理下最高;氮素干物质生产效率、氮素稻谷生产效率、氮素收获指数、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素生理利用率均表现为处理N0>N60>N120>N180>N240。【结论】适宜提高施氮量(180 kg/hm^(2)),可协同实现优质杂交籼稻新品种G优325高产与较高氮肥利用效率。

论新时代美好生活叙事下的新质生产力

新质生产力概念是习近平对马克思生产力概念的创新性发展,为人们重新审视马克思的生产力概念提供了可能,也为探究新质生产力与新时代美好生活关系提供了契机。新时代美好生活与新质生产力是辩证统一的,新质生产力推动新时代美好生活的实现,新时代美好生活需要推动新质生产力不断发展,二者具有相同的价值旨趣。新时代美好生活是社会主义制度下的美好生活,是在新质生产力基础上逐渐摆脱生产异化、劳动异化、消费异化和世界资本裹挟的美好生活,是追求真正实现劳动解放和每一个人自由而全面发展的美好生活。劳动资料、劳动对象和劳动者全新进阶意味着生产力发生了质的变化,“新”和“质”是新质生产力中最为突出的方面。在发展新质生产力的实践道路上我们需要全面深化改革,形成新型生产关系,培养高科技人才,支撑新质生产力发展,加快绿色发展,在推进高质量发展的中国特色社会主义现代建设道路上任重致远。

部标1级优质稻新品种黄丝粤占的选育

在保障粮食安全和消费者对稻米品质要求日益提高的双重背景下,为了培育高产、优质、广适性大品种,笔者在核心种质育种理论指导下,通过将传统系谱法、分子标记辅助选择技术和运用先进仪器设备鉴定相结合的方法,选育出部标(NY/T 83—2017)1级优质稻新品种黄丝粤占。黄丝粤占在不同年度和不同区域试验中表现出株型理想、丰产性好、适应性广、抗稻瘟病、食味品质优异的特性,实现了高产、优质和抗病等优良基因的有效聚合。2023年黄丝粤占通过广东省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜广东粤北以外稻作区作早、晚稻种植,具有很大的推广潜力。

高产优质淀粉型甘薯新品种苏薯30的选育及特性分析

为选育高产优质淀粉型甘薯新品种,以南薯99为母本、浙紫薯1号为父本杂交,采取杂交育种法育成甘薯新品种苏薯30,对其特征、特性、产量表现、品质性状、抗病性等进行分析.结果表明:苏薯30聚合了双亲的优良性状,淀粉产量较对照苏渝303增产8.18%,平均薯块淀粉率为19.52%,平均干物率为31.43%,大中薯率为82.6%;干基品质检测显示,可溶性糖质量分数为5.99%,还原性糖为2.99%,粗蛋白为7.44%;抗蔓割病,中抗黑斑病和茎线虫病,适宜在江苏及其周边地区推广种植.该品种2019年通过国家农作物新品种登记(编号为GPD甘薯(2019)320056),2022年获植物新品种权(CNA20182699.8).