Effects of Different Calcining Temperatures on the Properties of Ceramsite Prepared by High-carbon Gasification Slag

The structure and characteristics of high-performance lightweight aggregates produced by high-carbon gasification slag were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetr,differential scanning calorimetry-Fourier transform infrared,and mercury intrusion porosimetry,respectively.The experimental results show that the ceramsite undergoes two weightless stages in the calcining process.With the increase in the calcining temperature,a large number of pores are formed inside the ceramsite,its structure becomes denser,but the calcining temperature band of the ceramsite becomes narrow.The crystalline phase of the ceramsite changes at different calcining temperatures and the mineral phase changes from the earlieralbite,quartz,oligoclase,hematite,etc,to a silica-aluminum-rich glass phase.The 1130℃ is a more suitable calcining temperature,and the cylinder compressive strength of ceramics is 11.59 MPa,the packing density,apparent density,porosity,and water absorption are 939.11 kg/m^(3),1643.75 kg/m^(3),28.11%,and 10.35%,respectively,which can meet the standards for high-strength lightweight aggregates.

高碳铬铁渣微表处混合料路用性能研究

针对道路养护工程优质石料资源匮乏,高碳铬铁渣大多采用堆存处理且利用率低等问题,将高碳铬铁渣分别以0%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%的掺量替换常规微表处混合料,通过湿轮磨耗试验、车辙试验、黏聚力试验和构造深度试验研究不同高碳铬铁渣掺量下的微表处混合料的路用性能。试验结果表明:高碳铬铁渣掺量为20%时,混合料的耐磨耗性能和水稳定性与常规微表处混合料相近,抗车辙性能略有下降,早期强度和抗滑性能均优于常规微表处混合料。

铁铬液流电池碳基电极改性优化进展

铁铬液流电池(ICFRB)作为一种成本低、灵活性高、响应快、结构简单且适用于广泛温度范围的电化学储能装置,能有效解决风能、太阳能等可再生能源的波动难题,近年来备受关注。电极作为电池的关键组成部分,其性能将直接影响电池的效率和循环稳定性。将对(ICFRB)的碳基电极修饰改良的研究进展进行评述,介绍了相关策略和方法,包括含增加氧化官能团、添加金属和金属氧化物等措施。这些修饰手段能够有效地提升电极的电化学性能,提高能量转化效率并延长电池的循环寿命,为(ICFRB)的大规模商业化应用提供了重要的技术支持和理论指导。

Spheroidization process in large-deformed high-carbon steel

In this study,the spheroidization process of large-deformed steel under various conditions was researched.Steel with a high carbon content （1.0％ C） was first treated thermomechanically using multipass rolling.Then it underwent spheroidization treatments at different heating temperatures,using various heating times and cooling rates.Spheroidization processes with a lower heating temperature,shorter heating time,or faster cooling rate than those of the traditional process all showed good results,indicating that the spheroidization process was promoted significantly by the large deformation process.Grain refinement and fragmentation of cementite,along with the large deformation process,promoted this spheroidization process.

Effect of RE-Modifier on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of High-Carbon Medium-Manganese Steel

The effect of RE-modifier on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon-medium manganese steel has been investigated in present work.The results showed that the RE-modifier can refine the crystalline grain of high-carbon medium-manganese steel.The shape and distribution of carbides are improved and the columnar grains and phosphide in grain boundary are eliminated.Consequently,the impact toughness of the steel is increased by more than one time,compared with no addition of RE-modifier.

Carburization of ferrochromium metals in chromium ore fines containing coal during voluminal reduction by microwave heating

Chromium ore fines containing coal (COFCC) can be rapidly heated by microwave to conduct the voluminal reduction, which lays a foundation of getting sponge ferrochromium powders with a lower content of C. Under the conditions of COFCC with n(O)-n(C) (molar ratio) as 1.00-0.84 and n(SiO2)-n(CaO) as 1.00-0.39, the samples were heated by 10 kW microwave power to reach the given temperatures and held for different times respectively. The results show that the low-C-Cr ferrochromium metal phase in the reduced materials forms before the high-C-Cr ferrochromium metal phase does. With increasing temperature the C content of ferrochromium metals is in a positive correlation with the content of Cr. The C content of ferrochromium metal in reduced materials is 0-10.07% with an average value of 4.68%. With the increase of holding time the Cr content in ferrochromium metals is in a negative correlation with the content of C, while the content of Fe changes in the contrary way. In the microwave field the kinetic conditions of carburization are closely related with the temperature of microwave heating, holding time and carbon fitting ratio.

Patenting of hot-rolled high-carbon steel and its applications

The patenting process of three hot-rolled steels with carbon mass contents of 0.70%-0. 90% was studied. The effect of the quenching temperature on the cementite lamellar distance in the steel was evaluated on the basis of microstructural characterization and mechanical property tests. The patenting treatment of high-carbon hot- rolled strip and its application in springs were discussed.

Investigation of longitudinal surface cracks in a continuous casting slab of high-carbon steel

Based on a series of related investigations, a mechanism for the formation of longitudinal surface cracks on a continuous casting slab of high-carbon steel was investigated. High-temperature tensile tests performed on slab samples,metallographic and scanning electron microscopy studies, as well as heat flux and shell thickness in continuous casting predicted on the basis of a mathematical model were conducted. The results showed that high- carbon steel exhibited a much lower liquidus temperature and a wider brittle temperature range immediately after solidification compared with those of low-carbon steel. Concentrations of elements K and Na, which are contained in the mold fluxes, were not observed in the cracks during this study. The calculated results showed that the heat flux and the shell thickness were uneven along the mold width and that the shell was thinner and close to the center line of the slab surface. The longitudinal cracks were observed in situ using confocal laser scanning microscopy, to first occur close to the solidification front,where the ductility was extremely low;in addition ,the shell growth was slower than in other regions, which led to a thinner shell and depressed shrinkage owing to a lack of lubrication by the mold fluxes below the meniscus. Furthermore, the pouring temperature of high-carbon steel is - 100 ~C lower than that of low-carbon steel,so the formation of a stable liquid flux near the meniscus within a short time at the beginning of casting is difficult. The amounts of liquid slag film and crystalline slag film were insufficient to provide adequate lubrication between the shell and the mold, which resulted in greater friction force that induced or aggravated cracks. Therefore, the homogeneity of mold fluxes and initial solidification in the mold should be improved to reduce the concentration of slab surface defects.

Structures and Properties of High-Carbon High Speed Steel by RE-Mg-Ti Compound Modification

The effects of rare earths(RE)-Mg-Ti compound modification on the structures and properties of high-carbon high speed steel(HSS) were researched.The impact toughness(α_k),the fracture toughness(K_(1c))and threshold of fatigue crack growth(ΔK_(th))are tested.The thermal fatigue test is done on a self-straining thermal fatigue tester,the wear test is done on a high temperature wear test machine.The results show that the matrix can be refined by the RE-Mg-Ti compound modification,the eutectic carbides are inclined to spheroidicize and are distributed evenly,the morphology and distribution of eutectic carbides are improved by appropriate RE-Mg-Ti complex modification.After RE-Mg-Ti compound modification,a little effects can be found on the strength,hardness and red hardness,but the fracture toughness(K_(1c)) and threshold of fatigue crack growth(△K_(th)) are improved in the meantime,the impact toughness (α_k) is increased by over one time,and the resistance to thermal fatigue and wear resistance at an elevated temperature are remarkably improved.

Can the low-carbon city pilot policy promote the upgrading of high-carbon emitting enterprises? Evidence from China

As a crucial environmental reform system to realize“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”,the pilot policy of low-carbon cities(LCCs)puts pressure and challenges on high-carbon emitting enterprises(HCEEs)while providing opportunities for these firms to take the path of independent transformation.Employing the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2006 to 2016 and adopting a difference-in-differences(DID)model,we evaluated the impact of LCC construction on the upgrading of HCEEs and its mechanisms.The results indicate that LCC construction enhances the upgrading of HCEEs in the pilot cities.The conclusions remain stable after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis reveals that LCC construction triggers the upgrading of HCEEs by promoting resource allocation efficiency,R&D investment,and green technology innovation.The heterogeneity results indicate that this positive effect is more pronounced for HCEEs in regions with more stringent environmental law enforcement.This study also observes that the upgrading impact is more promi‐nent for state-owned enterprises,enterprises with higher bargaining power,and enterprises whose managers have a long-term vision.The above results provide directions for upgrading HCEEs and replicable evidence for cities in developing economies to fulfill the win-win target of environmental protection and economic transfor‐mation.

铬铁合金渣应用于沥青混凝土的可行性试验

采用高碳铬铁合金渣废料为原材料,进行化学成分分析、浸出毒性检验,集料物理力学性能检测,结果表明铬铁合金渣可以代替部分碎石作为集料应用于二级及以下沥青混凝土路面中;通过沥青马歇尔试验,表明沥青混合料能够满足马歇尔试验技术指标要求;最后通过车辙试验、弯曲试验,浸水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验,比较不同铬铁合金渣掺量下AC-20沥青混凝土的路用性能,结果表明掺加铬铁的沥青混凝土满足路用性能要求,且铬铁掺量为80%时,动稳定度最大,掺量为50%时,弯曲破坏应变和残留稳定度最大。

Reaction mechanism between Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractory materials and rare earth high-carbon heavy rail steel

Submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging is a major problem affecting the production quality of rare earth steel,and finding a suitable refractory outlet can significantly reduce production costs.To explore the relationship between refractory composition and interface interaction,unprotected coated Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories and SiO2-coated Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories were added to rare earth high-carbon heavy rail steel under laboratory conditions,and the Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractory was found to be more suitable.The results show that,from the epoxy resin side to the refractory side,the contour of the refractory interface reaction layer can be divided into two main layers:an iron-rich reaction layer and an iron-poor reaction layer.Calculations based on the spherical model suggest that the adhesion force is proportional to the size of the refractory particles and inclusions,and the same result applies to the surface tension.Controlling the inclusions at a smaller size has a specific effect on alleviating the erosion of refractories.Combined with the erosion mechanism of Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories,the interface reaction mechanism between Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories and molten steel was proposed,which provides ideas for solving SEN clogging.

掺入铁合金渣对赤泥陶瓷性能和颜色的影响

在赤泥陶瓷原料中协同掺入锰铁渣、铬铁渣并制备了赤泥陶瓷样品,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试手段,对矿相、微观形貌与结构、物理性能等进行分析,将化学试剂MnO和Cr_(2)O_(3)掺入赤泥并对其进行对比,研究铁合金渣对赤泥陶瓷性能和颜色的影响规律。结果表明,赤泥陶瓷中加入锰铁渣会变为黑色,而加入铬铁渣赤泥陶瓷未显著变色;赤泥陶瓷变色的主要原因是锰铁渣中Mn^(2+)能与赤泥中Fe^(3+)反应生成MnFe_(2)O_(4)尖晶石类矿物,该类矿物的析出使赤泥陶瓷变为黑色。在低于1140℃时,与赤泥协同铬铁渣相比,赤泥协同锰铁渣制备的陶瓷性能更优,其抗折强度可达33.16 MPa,吸水率为1.65%;当温度继续升高后,赤泥协同锰铁渣制备的赤泥陶瓷出现过烧,性能逐渐下降。

原料组成对利用碳铬渣制备多孔堇青石陶瓷性能的影响

利用高碳铬铁合金渣、工业氧化铝粉和二氧化硅微粉为原料,分别以偏铝、偏硅、理论和偏镁组成合成制备了多孔堇青石陶瓷,研究了烧成温度和原料组成对样品物相转变、显气孔率、体积密度、抗弯强度以及热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明:四组样品中堇青石均于1100℃生成,晶体结构随烧成温度升高逐渐发育,并在1400℃以后开始部分分解;与理论组成相比,偏铝组成可以提升样品显气孔率,但抗弯强度随之降低,且增加了样品的热膨胀系数;偏硅组成样品的显气孔率降低,而抗弯强度并不随之增加,但样品的热膨胀系数显著减小;偏镁组成适当的降低了样品的显气孔率,抗弯强度显著增加,同时样品的热膨胀系数明显降低,四组样品中其碳铬渣的利用率最高。

微波消解高碳铬铁样品及其中铬硅磷的测定

提出了微波消解法溶解高碳铬铁。将粒径小于0.076 mm样品0.200 0 g置于消解罐中,加入高氯酸5 mL,氢氟酸1 mL,按设定程序消解。于消解所得溶液中加入饱和硼酸溶液5 mL后,定容至200 mL。分取100.0 mL溶液用过硫酸铵氧化,硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液电位滴定法测定其铬量。另分取50.00 mL溶液,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定硅及磷量,选择251.612,213.618 nm分别作为测定硅和磷的分析线。按此方法分析了3个标准样品,测得结果与认定值一致。铬、硅、磷3元素测定值的平均相对标准偏差(n=6)依次为0.09%,0.49%和2.2%。

增强体成分对表面复合材料摩擦特性的影响

使用碳化钨和高碳铬铁为主要增强体,采用铸造方法制备了3种不同成分的表面复合材料,研究了增强体成分对表面复合材料摩擦特性的影响。结果表明:碳化钨改变了表面复合层组织中碳化物的形态和相对数量,适量的碳化钨可显著提高表面复合材料的耐磨性,但含量过高反而使表面复合材料的耐磨性有所降低。

铬铁矿粉烧结试验研究

通过烧结杯试验,对进口铬铁矿粉烧结过程中的焦粉配比、混合料水分、料层高度和烧结负压等工艺参数进行研究,发现该铬铁矿粉可用烧结法进行造块,其产品铬铁烧结矿可作为电炉冶炼铬铁合金的炉料。与普通铁矿烧结相比,铬铁矿烧结主要特征为:燃烧带宽(75.00 mm),烧结温度高(1 450～1 500℃),冷却所需时间长。铬矿烧结主要依靠20%左右橄榄石液相粘结为主,同时,Cr2O3固相反应有利于烧结矿固结。铬铁矿粉烧结的成功将为我国铁合金行业充分利用廉价铬铁矿粉提供技术支持,有利于降低铬铁合金生产成本。

微波消解氧化还原滴定法测定高碳铬铁中铬含量

通过微波消解法处理高碳铬铁样品,在最佳消解条件下使高碳铬铁样品溶解完全。冒硫酸烟赶尽溶液中的氟离子,采用氧化还原滴定法测定高碳铬铁样品中的铬含量。该法较碱熔融样品处理法快速、环保、准确,检测成本低,能够满足实验室日常检测的需要。

磷钼蓝光度法测定铬铁中磷量的不确定度评定

对磷钼蓝光度法测定铬铁中磷量的不确定度的产生原因进行了分析 。

针铁矿法从铬铁合金硫酸浸出液中除铁

研究了用针铁矿法从铬铁合金硫酸浸出溶液中除铁并回收铬。考察了溶液中铬离子浓度、温度、pH对除铁率及铬损失率的影响。试验结果表明,针铁矿法除铁的最佳条件为反应温度94℃,溶液pH=2．5,溶液中铬质量浓度7．2g/L,搅拌强度200r/min,在此条件下,铁的去除率高达99%,铬的损失率仅15%。