Local High-Frequency Heating in Electronics Technology

Modeling and investigation of HF electromagnetic heating in induction devices with unclosed magnetic circuit has allowed to optimize heating speed in local zones of formation of soldering connections and to improve their quality due to joint action of superficial effects and electromagnetic forces.For all magnetic materials is nonlinear decrease in heating power depending on frequency of HF.Installed the optimal parameters of HF heating for soldering electronics modules by inductor with open-ended magnetic conductor.

On the Hyper Thermal Therapy of Tumor Tissues by Direct Laser Heating and Gold Nano Particles

Hyper thermal therapy using lasers is emerging as a new promising route for the cancer treatment. The tumor can be directly heated by the radiation or indirectly using gold nano particles based on plasmon resonance phenolmenon. These two possibilities are explored here by solving the space and time dependent bio-heat equation under different conditions. The knowledge of temperature profiles in the tumor region helps to bypass the painful placement of sensors for monitoring tumor’s heating by the laser. Important properties which could be useful for developing an efficient tumor therapy are introduced for the first time. It is found that the effects of metabolism consist essentially in a redefinition of the blood temperature which increases proportional to the heat of metabolism. Blood perfusion in a given tissue leads to a new characteristic length of order one or two centimeters and a blood convection parameter typically of order 30 W·m-1·K-1. Effects of these parameters are scrutinized within the resolution of the bio-heat equation under a variety of conditions. In general, space modulations of the temperature throughout biological tissues are weak but front kinetics are quite fast. Specific examples show the way to monitor the temperature rise taking into account the tumor’s nature and size.

Effect of Xuebijing combined with early continuous renal replacement therapy on systemic inflammatory response and renal impairment in patients with heat stroke

Objective: To study the effect of Xuebijing combined with early continuous renal replacement therapy on systemic inflammatory response and renal impairment in patients with heat stroke. Methods: A total of 24 patients with heat shock who were treated in Qidong People's Hospital between June 2015 and August 2017 were selected an9d randomly divided into two groups, Xuebijing group received Xuebijing combined with early continuous renal replacement therapy, and control group received early continuous renal replacement therapy. Serum levels of inflammatory response cytokines, coagulation-related cytokines and renal function indicators of two groups of patients were detected before treatment as well as 3 d and 6 d after treatment. Results: Serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, hs-CRP, TF, sTM, sE-selectin, BUN, Scr, β2-MG and Cys-C levels of both groups 3 d and 6 d after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, and serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, hs-CRP, TF, sTM, sE-selectin, BUN, Scr, β2-MG and Cys-C levels of Xuebijing group 3 d and 6 d after treatment were significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Xuebijing combined with early continuous renal replacement therapy can reduce the degree of systemic inflammatory response and renal impairment in patients with heat stroke.

基于湿热病机探讨刺络放血治疗痤疮的因机证治

痤疮作为一种病机复杂多样的慢性易复发型皮肤疾病,其根本病因常常与湿热邪气密切相关。刺络放血在其漫长的历史沿革中,发展逐渐完善,技术逐渐成熟,在清热利湿治疗湿热型痤疮方面已被临床多次证实。本文主要以刺络放血治疗湿热型痤疮的历史沿革为背景,从动态发展的视角阐述湿热积聚与人体体质、脏腑失调的相互转换的机制。根据湿热邪气在人体中不同传变时期的具体症状,确定其病因病机与传变规律。最后,规范化该疗法在针具选择、治疗特点等方面的操作细则,从而探讨刺络放血治疗痤疮在临床上的具体应用。

红炉拔筋罐疗法对风寒湿型肩周炎的临床护理研究

目的:探讨红炉拔筋罐疗法在风寒湿型肩周炎患者中的临床护理效果。方法:将2023年9月—2024年1月于江门市新会区中医院骨科住院治疗的70例风寒湿型肩周炎患者纳入本研究,采用随机数表法将患者分为观察组与对照组,各35例。两组均给予常规护理,观察组采用红炉拔筋罐疗法护理,对组照采用雷火灸护理。比较两组中医症候积分、肩关节功能障碍、肩部疼痛程度、生活质量及不良反应。结果:护理后,两组中医症候积分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,两组Constant-Murley评分、世界卫生组织生活质量简明问卷(WHOQOL-BREF)评分高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组均未出现严重不良反应。结论:红炉拔筋罐疗法能降低风寒湿型肩周炎患者中医症候积分,改善肩关节功能障碍、肩部疼痛程度,提高生活质量。

蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗湿热蕴结证中度寻常痤疮的随机对照研究

目的观察蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗湿热蕴结证中度寻常痤疮的有效性和安全性。方法采取多中心随机双盲对照研究设计,选取5家中心,筛选240例湿热蕴结证中度寻常痤疮受试者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各120例;试验组给予蒲地蓝消炎口服液,对照组给予蒲地蓝消炎口服液模拟剂;两组均联合外用克林霉素磷酸酯凝胶,每天2次,洁面后涂于患处。治疗4周,比较两组治疗前后皮损(丘疹、脓疱、粉刺)数量以及中医证候(面红、皮疹痒痛、舌苔厚腻、尿黄、便秘)积分变化,记录不良反应。结果229例受试者完成试验,其中试验组117例、对照组112例。与基线相比,用药4周的两组患者的丘疹计数、脓疱计数显著减少,试验组粉刺计数和中医证候积分显著减少,且试验组均优于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组痤疮皮损改善有效率为87.2%,高于对照组的58.0%(P<0.05)。试验组仅1例患者出现外用药膏刺激性反应。结论蒲地蓝消炎口服液可有效改善湿热蕴结证中度寻常痤疮患者皮损数量及中医证候,值得临床推广应用。

Spinal cord biological safety of image-guided radiation therapy versus conventional radiation therapy

Tumor models were simulated in purebred Beagles at the T9-10 levels of the spinal cord and treated with spinal image-guided radiation therapy or conventional radiation therapy with 50 or 70 Gy total radiation. Three months after radiation, neuronal injury at the T9-10 levels was observed, including reversible injury induced by spinal image-guided radiation therapy and apoptosis induced by conventional radiation therapy. The number of apoptotic cells and expression of the proapoptotic protein Fas were significantly reduced, but expression of the anti-apoptotic protein heat shock protein 70 was significantly increased after image-guided radiation therapy compared with the conventional method of the same radiation dose. Moreover, the spinal cord cell apoptotic index positively correlated with the ratio of Fas/heat shock protein 70. These findings indicate that 3 months of radiation therapy can induce a late response in the spinal cord to radiation therapy; image-guided radiation therapy is safer and results in less neuronal injury compared with conventional radiation therapy.

Fast and Effective Thermotherapy Treatment for <i>In Vitro</i>Virus Eradication in Apple and Pear Trees

Heat therapy followed by the isolation and in vitro culture of apical meristems is a suitable procedure for virus eradication. However, the period of heat treatment is usually long (28 - 50 days) and the yield of viable plants free of viruses after treatment is often low (<50%). Here, we describe an alternative method to obtain virus-free plants. We used traditional Galician cultivars, six apple trees and two pear trees, infected with Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV). We combined heat therapy of in vitro shoots using a temperature gradient from 25&#8451;to 40&#8451;increasing 1&#8451;per day for a shorter period of time (18 days) with the posterior isolation and culture of apical meristems. All DNA samples analyzed, obtained from plants developed from meristems, were 100% free of ApMV and almost 90% free of ACLSV. With this in vitro procedure combined we obtained a good yield of tested plants free of viruses. Our method is fast and effective and it could be also useful to eradicate these and other viruses in other fruit trees.

Gastric cancer-derived heat shock protein-gp96 peptide complex enhances dendritic cell activation

AIM To investigate the role of heat shock protein (HSP)glycoprotein (gp) 96 in dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes induction in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Human GC cell lines KATOIII, MKN-28 and SGC-7901 were infected with adenovirus gp96 at a multiplicity of infection of 100. gp96-GC antigen peptide complexes were purified. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine allo-reactive T cell stimulation, natural killer (NK) cell activity and expression of cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha), respectively. Effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) on DCs incubated with HSP-gp96 was also evaluated by LDH release. All assays were performed in triplicate and the average values were reported. Comparison between groups was conducted using Student's t test. RESULTS T cells incubated with HSP-gp96 exhibited a marked increase in proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). NK cell activity after gp96-GC peptide complex treatment was significantly higher than that after antigen peptide treatment (P < 0.05). The activity of CTLs incubated with DCs from three GC cells lines was obviously higher than that stimulated by GC antigen at ratios of 50: 1, 25: 1, 10: 1, and 5: 1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-12 (P70) and IFN-alpha markedly increased after incubation with HSP-gp96 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HSP-gp96 promotes T cell response, enhances DC antigen presentation and induces cytokine secretion, as well. HSP-gp96 has potential as immunotherapy for elimination of residual GC cells.

Non-invasive physical therapy as salvage measure for ischemic skin flap:A literature review

This review focuses on the available evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms and treatment potential of several non-surgical physical therapies for managing flap ischemia to propose a non-invasive,economical,and simple treatment to improve flap survival.A review of the literature was conducted on the topics of various non-invasive methods for the treatment of ischemic necrosis of the distal end of the flap between 1988 and 2019.A total of 52 published studies were reviewed on the applications of hyperbaric oxygen therapy,electrical stimulation therapy,heat stress pretreatment,phototherapy,and vibration therapy to manage skin flap necrosis.The underlying molecular mechanisms of these physical therapies on revitalizing the dying skin flaps were discussed and preliminary clinical uses of these therapies to salvage the necrotic skin flaps were pooled and summarized for clarifying the safety and feasibility of these methods.Various physical therapy regimens have been ushered to manage necrotic development in cutaneous flaps.With the refinement of these new technologies and enhancement of related basic science research on vascular revitalization,the prevention and treatment of flap ischemia will enter a new era.

A low-cost invasive microwave ablation antenna with a directional heating pattern

Microwave ablation(MWA) is a cancer treatment method. The tumor tissue absorbs electromagnetic energy, which heats and kills it. A microwave ablation antenna plays a critical role in this process. Its radiation field must completely cover the tumor but not the healthy tissue. At present, the radiation pattern of most invasive ablation antennas is spherical.However, in the clinic, the shape of some tumors may be asymmetrical or the antenna cannot be inserted into the center of the tumor for some other reason. In order to solve these problems, a directional heating antenna for microwave ablation is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna, operating at 2.45 GHz, consists of a monopole and a reflector. The feed is given by a substrate integrated coaxial line(SICL) and coplanar waveguide(CPW). The omnidirectional radiation field of the monopole is reflected by a reflector that is extended from the outer conductors of the SICL to form a directional radiation field. The impedance matching network is designed on SICL to match the antenna to 50 Ω. The antenna is fabricated using a mature printed circuit board(PCB). The reflection coefficient of the antenna in porcine liver tissue measured by a vector network analyzer shows good agreement with the simulations. Then, an ablation experiment in porcine liver is conducted with power of 10 W for 10 min, and the experimental results confirm the validity of the design.

High-Frequency Induction Heating of Needle-Shaped Mg-Ferrite for Ablation Therapy of Human Cancer

For application as a novel ablation therapy of human cancer,the heating property of a needle-shaped Mg-ferrite prepared by a sintering technique was studied in a high-frequency induction field at 370 kHz.When inserted into cylindrical clay,the increase in temperature(Δ7)was 31.2℃ for the specimen with a 1.5 mm diameter,while the 1.0mm diameter specimen exhibited a ΔT value of 15.7℃ after the induction time of 1200s.The ΔT exhibited a high value of 57.9℃ during the simultaneous insertion of 3 1.5mm diameter specimens.In the computer simulation images, the relatively lower magnetic flux density and concurrent neghgibly low current density were observed from the surface to the internal regions,being different from the behavior of a ferromagnetic Ni-rod with the same size.

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE MECHANISM OF HEAT AND BANDAGE TREATMENT FOR LYMPHEDEMA

Objective Study the mechanism of heat and bandage treatment for lymphedema. Methods Using biochemical assessment technique and histological examination, a comparative study of the cutaneous tissues in 15 patients with lymphedema of the lower extremity before and afer the heating and bandage theropy. ResuIts 1. The content of hydroxyproline in the affected skin was decreased. 2. The thickness of skin was decreased and the water content was reduced. 3. The microcirculation of local tissues was enhanced. 4. The activity of the macrophages was increased. Conclusion The mechanism of heat and bandage therapy might be as follows: 1. improving the local microcirculation and enhancing the resorption of tissue fluid and protein, 2. increasing the activity of the macrophages, and diminishing librosis of the allcted tisues.

Heating of Biological Tissues by Gold Nano Particles: Effects of Particle Size and Distribution

This paper deals with hyper thermal therapy of tumors in biological tissues using dispersions of gold nano spheres. These spheres are heated with a laser beam in the near infrared range based on surface plasmon resonance phenome-non. The single sphere problem gives a surface temperature rise following a universal form with a characteristic time τ proportional to the sphere surface and inverse diffusivity of the surrounding medium. The temperature front is found to reach a finite range when traveling into the surrounding medium with a certain time delay. The many particles problem is treated as a convolution product of the sphere density distribution function and the particle temperature profile. Different space distribution functions of nano particles are considered. A uniform sphere distribution provides a good coverage of medium heating while a Gaussian distribution predicts an important drop of temperature when approaching the borders of the treated region. Lorentzian distribution was also considered for comparison. An effort is made to highlight the impacts of the obtained results in developing strategies for hyper thermal therapy in a joint effort with the medical team.

Research Progress of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Heat shock protein (HSP) is a kind of protein that mainly acts as a molecular chaperone to participate in the synthesis and folding of proteins, maintain the spatial conformation of proteins and protect cells from damage and other important biological functions. HSP90 plays an important role in maintaining molecular chaperone structure, regulating cell cycle and apoptosis, coordinating hormone signal transduction and promoting wound healing. And HSP90 also plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumors. In recent years, HSP90 inhibitors have made some achievements in molecular targeted therapy for malignant tumors, but further research is needed in clinical application. In this paper, the research status of the relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma targeted by heat shock protein 90 was reviewed.

Robust boron nanoplatform provokes potent tumoricidal activities via inhibiting heat shock protein

Near-infrared(NIR)-light-triggered photothermal therapy(PTT)is a promising treatment for breast cancer.However,its therapeutic efficiency is often compromised due to the heatinduced up-regulation of heat shock proteins,which confer photothermal resistance.To solve this urgent problem,PEGylated two-dimensional boron nanosheets(B-PEG)-which allow both multimodal imaging and photothermal conversion-were loaded with gambogic acid(GA),which can inhibit heat shock protein 90(Hsp90).Experimental findings indicated that this combination of B-PEG and GA could serve as an integrated drug delivery system for cancer diagnosis and treatment.It could be used to administer mild PTT as well as chemotherapy for breast cancer,provide improved anti-tumor effects,and reduce the toxicity of PTT,all while inhibiting breast cancer growth.This drug delivery system could offer a novel tool for administering chemotherapy combined with PTT while avoiding the adverse effects of traditional PTT.

Thermal Therapy in Patients Suffering from Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain—A Systematic Review

Thermal therapy is frequently used as an adjunct to treatment in patients suffering from chronic low back pain. It is also an inherent part of patients’ self-administered pain treatment. This review aims to update the evidence for thermal therapy treatments in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and to rate the methodological quality of the corresponding clinical trials. Previous studies have reported contradictory evidence for the effectiveness of thermal therapy. An electronic search on MEDLINE (PubMed), PEDro, CENTRAL and CINHAL databases was conducted between May 2016 and February 2018. Clinical trials comparing local thermal therapy to conservative or no treatment were assessed for eligibility. Pain, physical function and global health were defined as outcome parameters. A total of n = 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. All of them applied an electrophysical agent as the thermal treatment: continuous ultrasound (n = 6), short-wave diathermy (n = 2), microwave diathermy (n = 1). Out of the n = 6 studies on ultrasound treatment, n = 2 reported significant within and between-group results for pain reduction after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment. Both short-wave diathermy studies demonstrated significant between-group results for pain reduction after 3 weeks of treatment. Contradictory results for all other observed outcome parameters were reported regardless of the intervention. Moreover, significant within-group results for the control groups questioned the effectiveness of the intervention treatments. Therefore, the effect of thermal therapy, (electrophysical agents), is not superior to any control treatment except for ultrasound treatment on short-term pain reduction.

Extended Generalized Riccati Equation Mapping for Thermal Traveling-Wave Distribution in Biological Tissues through a Bio-Heat Transfer Model with Linear/Quadratic Temperature-Dependent Blood Perfusion

Analytical thermal traveling-wave distribution in biological tissues through a bio-heat transfer (BHT) model with linear/quadratic temperature-dependent blood perfusion is discussed in this paper. Using the extended generalized Riccati equation mapping method, we find analytical traveling wave solutions of the considered BHT equation. All the travelling wave solutions obtained have been used to explicitly investigate the effect of linear and quadratic coefficients of temperature dependence on temperature distribution in tissues. We found that the parameter of the nonlinear superposition formula for Riccati can be used to control the temperature of living tissues. Our results prove that the extended generalized Riccati equation mapping method is a powerful tool for investigating thermal traveling-wave distribution in biological tissues.

A Mathematical Model to Solve Bio-Heat Transfer Problems through a Bio-Heat Transfer Equation with Quadratic Temperature-Dependent Blood Perfusion under a Constant Spatial Heating on Skin Surface

We consider the one-dimensional bio-heat transfer equation with quadratic temperature-dependent blood perfusion, which governs the temperature distribution inside biological tissues. Using an extended mapping method with symbolic computation, we obtain the exact analytical thermal traveling wave solution, which describes the non-uniform temperature distribution inside the bodies. The found exact solution is used to investigate the temperature distribution in the tissues. It is found that the surrounding medium with higher temperature does not necessarily imply that the tissue will quickly (after a short duration of heating process) reach the desired temperature. It is also found that increased perfusion causes a decline in local temperature.

Heat shock protein 72 normothermic ischemia,and the impact of congested portal blood reperfusion on rat liver

INTRODUCTIONFrom the technical aspect of liver surgery ,control of bleeding during hepatic parenchymal resection is one of the most important procedures in hepatectomy .Pringle,s maneuver ,a temporary cross-clamping of the hepatoduodnal ligament ,has often been used for this purpose[1],This is the simplest and userul technique to reduce intraoperative blood loss .