Test Research on the Knock of a Common-Rail Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel-Methanol Dual-Fuel

Experiments were conducted on a diesel-methanol dual-fuel(DMDF)engine modified by a six-cylinder,turbocharged,inter-cooled diesel engine.According to the number of diesel injection,the experiments are divided to two parts:the single injectionmode and double injectionmode.The results show that,at the double injectionmode,themaximumof pressure rise rate is small and the engine runs smoothly,however,knock still occurswhen the cocombustion ratio(CCR)is big enough.Under knock status,the power density of the block vibration concentrating at some special frequencies rises dramatically,and the special frequency of single injection mode(about 4.1 kHz)is lower than that of double injection mode(7–9 kHz).The cylinder pressure oscillations of knock status are very different fromthe non-knock status.Under knock status,cylinder pressure oscillations become more concentrated and fiercer at some special frequencies,and the same as the block vibration.The special frequency of single injection mode(3–6 kHz)is lower than that of double injection mode(above 9 kHz).

STRATEGY FOR DIESEL ROTARY ENGINE WITH COMMON RAIL INJECTION SYSTEM

A direct injection low compression ratios diesel rotary engine is designed and studied to find the appropriate application of the electronic controlled high pressure common rail injection system. Current development focuses on the applied fuel injection and ignition strategies, especially concerning the combustion configurations of injectors, ignition source, and combustion chamber. The prototype engine, equipped with Bosch common rail system and high performance electronic control unit （ECU）, is designed correspondingly. Studies show that the integration of a common rail injection system and the main and pilot duel injectors configurations, assisted with glow plug ignition device and flexible ECU, represents a promising approach to improve the potential of the low compression ratios diesel rotary engine. Currently the engine can run at 6 kr · min^-1 steadily and the power is about 68 kW/（4 kr ·min^- 1）.

Characteristics of Diesel/N-Butanol Blend on a Common Rail Diesel Engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation

20%n-butanol is blended in diesel by volume(noted as D80B20)and experiment has been carried out to study the effect on the combustion and emission characteristics based on a common rail diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)system.The results reveal thatD80B20 has longer ignition delay,shorter combustion duration and higher maximumin-cylinder temperature than pure diesel(noted as D100).Further,the number concentration and volume concentration of ultrafine particles decrease significantly while NO_(X) emissions increase a little with the addition of n-butanol.When the exhaust gas is induced into cylinder,NO_(X) emissions significantly decrease and ultrafine particles emissions increase.The number geometric mean diameters and volume geometricmean diameters of ultrafine particles increase withEGR ratio.Compared toD100 without EGR,D80B20 with 20%EGR ratio can reduce both NO_(X) and ultrafine particles emissions at 0.14MPa BMEP and 0.56MPa BMEP.

Frequency compensation control method for opposedpiston two-stroke folded-cranktrain engine's common rail system by loop-shaping theory

A frequency compensation control method for the opposed-piston two-stroke folded-cranktrain（ OPFC） diesel engine＇s common rail system is presented as a result of the study of the loop-shaping theory. A common rail working process and the classical frequency control theory are combined to construct a frequency restriction of common rail pressure. A frequency compensator is utilized to improve the robustness of multiplicative perturbations and disturbance. The loop-shaping method has been applied to design the common rail pressure controller of the OPFC diesel engine. Simulation and bench test results show that in the condition of perturbation that comes from the effect of injection,multi-injection,fuel pumping of a pre-cylinder,and instantaneous pressure fluctuation,the controller indicates high precision. Compared with the original controller,this method improves the control precision by 67. 3%.

EFFECTS OF INJECTION STRATEGY ON D.I. DIESEL ENGINE COMBUSTION

Experiments are conducted to develop an understanding of how split injections can affect the combustion and emission characteristics of a D.I. diesel engine with a common-rail injection system. The ratio of the amount of fuel injected between two injection pulses and the injection interval is varied keeping the injected fuel quantity constant. Results show that under the 70D90-10 injection pattern, the engine achieves the lower NOx-smoke emissions and BSFC compared with the single injection pattern. The heat release rate and the temperature show that the split injections increase the initial premixed burn and retards the diffusion burn. With the balance of these two effects, the maximum in-cylinder temperature decreases while the 50% heat release point is held at almost the same crank angle. Therefore, both NOx emission and BSFC are improved while keeping the smoke emission at the same level.

Asymptotic Analysis Soot Model and Experiment for a Directed Injection Engine

The existing soot models are either too complex and can not be applied to the internal combustion engine, or too simple to make calculation errors. Exploring the soot model becomes the pursuit of the goal of many researchers within the error range in the current computer speed. On the basis of the latest experimental results, TP （temperature phases） model is presented as a new soot model to carry out optimization calculation for a high-pressure common rail diesel engine. Temperature and excess air factor are the most important two parameters in this model. When zone temperature T〈 1 500 K and excess air factor Ф〉0.6, only the soot precursors-- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAH） is created and there is no soot emission. When zone temperature T ≥ 1 500 K and excess air factor Ф〈0.6, PAHs and soot source terms （particle inception, surface growth, oxidation, coagulation） are calculated. The TP model is then implemented in KIVA code instead of original model to carry out optimizing. KIVA standard model and experimental data are analyzed for the results of cylinder pressures, the corresponding heat release rates, and soot with variation of injection time, variation of rail pressure and variation of speed among TP models. The experimental results indicate that the TP model can carry out optimization and computational fluid dynamics can be a tool to calculate for a high-pressure common rail directed injection diesel engine. The TP model result is closer than the use of the original KIVA-3V results of soot model accuracy by about 50% and TP model gives a new method for engine researchers.

An experimental study on RP-3 jet fuel injection on a common rail injection system

RP-3 jet fuel could be an alternative fuel for diesel engines.In this study,the injection characteristics of RP-3jet fuel under single and split injection strategies were investigated and compared with diesel fuel.The experimental results indicate that RP-3 jet fuel has slightly shorter injection delay time than diesel fuel,but this difference is negligible in actual engine operations.Further,although the lower density and viscosity of RP-3 jet fuel lead to higher volumetric injection rates and cycle-based injection quantities,the cycle-based injection mass and the mass injection rates at the stable injection stage of RP-3 jet fuel are close to or slightly lower than those of diesel fuel.Based on these experimental observations,it could be concluded that fuel physical properties are the secondary factor influencing the injection characteristics in both single and split injection strategies,as RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel are taken for comparison.

引燃柴油量对双燃料发动机循环变动的影响

为了降低重型高压共轨柴油机燃用LNG-柴油的燃烧循环变动,优化引燃柴油量控制,通过双燃料发动机试验台架,研究了在最大转矩转速1600r/min,功率输出为73kW工况下,随引燃柴油喷油量的增加,峰值压力、峰值压力升高率、平均指示压力循环变动的变化趋势。研究结果表明,随引燃柴油量的增加,双燃料发动机的峰值压力、峰值压力升高率和平均指示压力的循环变动趋势相同,它们的均值均增大,标准差减小,循环分布集中,循环变动系数降低。在不导致爆震燃烧的前提下,适当增大引燃柴油量,能够改善双燃料发动机的燃烧稳定性。

高压共轨柴油机国产芯片控制系统研究

针对现有高压共轨柴油机电控单元高度依赖进口芯片、自主不足的问题,提出了基于全国产芯片的高压共轨柴油机电控单元方案。所设计的国产控制单元选用兆易创新的GD32F450芯片为控制核心,承担发动机数据采样、处理、存储与控制任务。首先,采用Boost升压电路提供喷油器峰值电流,利用分立器件设计双边驱动与电流反馈电路,在不依赖进口专用芯片的条件下,对喷油器驱动电流进行闭环控制;然后,基于FreeRTOS操作系统,开发高压共轨柴油机底层驱动软件,实现对不同任务调度周期的精准控制;最后,对所设计的电控单元进行了实验验证。结果表明,所设计的国产高压共轨柴油机电控单元功能齐全、工作稳定,双边驱动电路典型峰值电流为22 A,维持电流为10 A,最小喷射间隔时间为200μs,多次喷射性能与Bosch系统相当。发动机不同转速条件下任务调度周期精准、实时性好,研究证实了高压共轨柴油机电控单元全国产化方案的可行性,对推动发动机电控技术自主可控提供了有益参考。

非道路柴油机冷却水套流动传热分析与优化

冷却水套作为柴油机的核心结构,其流动与传热特性直接影响着柴油机的可靠性和使用寿命。以某两缸高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,为了解该发动机冷却水套流动与传热性能,以水套速度场、温度场、换热系数等空间分布参数为判据,重点对冷却水套关键区域的流动和传热特性进行分析,同时提出优化方案。仿真结果表明:发动机整体冷却液流动性差,平均流速低于0.5m/s,缸体进气侧冷却水套上部出现了流动死区;通过对冷却系统性能参数和冷却水套结构进行优化,冷却水套进出口压力损失减小,整体冷却液平均流速较原方案提高了173.91%,整体平均换热系数较原方案提高了41.93%,整体冷却水套流动均匀性得到改善。

双升程电控喷油器多次喷射油量波动特性研究

为实现船用柴油机高压共轨系统喷射的柔性和稳定控制,提出一种双升程电控喷油器,基于搭建的喷油器AMESim仿真模型,探究了喷油器不同多次喷射模式下的油量波动特性.结果表明:大升程预喷模式下的主喷量标准差随预喷量的增加先上升后下降,而小升程预喷模式下的主喷量标准差随预喷量呈幅值逐渐降低的波动变化趋势.总体上,在预喷量为161~660 mm^(3)范围,小升程预喷模式在降低主喷量波动程度方面比大升程预喷模式更占优势.预喷射采用小升程喷射模式且预喷量一定时,升程切换延迟为0.2 ms的靴形主喷模式在降低主喷量波动程度方面略优于相同主喷脉宽或相同单次喷射油量的大升程主喷模式.大升程和小升程后喷模式下的后喷量标准差随主喷脉宽和目标后喷量均呈波动变化趋势,且小升程后喷模式下的后喷量标准差波动程度更小.与大升程后喷模式相比,小升程后喷模式在降低后喷量波动程度方面更占优势.

喷油特性对F-T煤制油压力振荡影响规律研究

为了减小燃烧噪声,确定影响柴油机高频压力振荡的关键因素,在某型电控高压共轨柴油发动机上燃用的清洁代用燃料Fischer-Tropsch(F-T)煤制油,选取柴油机典型运行工况,研究不同喷油特性条件下柴油机燃烧压力振荡的时域和频域特性。结果表明:推后主喷提前角和提前预喷提前角会使放热率降低,压力振荡幅值减小,气缸压力级也有明显减小的趋势;减小预喷油量会使压力升高率和放热率降低,气缸声压级减小,压力振荡现象减缓,使燃烧更加柔和;提高喷射压力,会使喷油速率增大,燃油雾化效果增强,混合气放热率提升,放热率曲线也随之上升,气缸声压级增大,发动机缸内燃烧压力振荡幅值增大。喷射压力是影响压力振荡的最显著的参数,喷射压力从85MPa上升至115MPa时,压力振荡幅值增加一倍以上;预喷油量对F-T煤制油发动机的燃烧压力振荡影响不显著;同时压力振荡的产生与放热率的变化呈现出较强的相关性。

负荷下19TCI共轨柴油机喷油策略燃烧噪声预测

柴油机工作会产生很大辐射噪声,对其振动辐射噪声控制技术的研究是目前的一个热点。根据声学本质等效成线性传递形式,实现了燃烧噪声传递函数的线性化处理。选择19TCI电控共轨柴油机开展测试,结合喷油控制方案以及实际负荷特征建立噪声传递函数并寻优,对负荷传递函数开展评价。研究结果表明:不同转速传递函数满足负荷一致性验证,能够满足精度控制要求。该研究有助于提高柴油机燃烧效率,也可拓宽到其他热能设备上,具有很宽的应用价值。

MAN L48/60CR型柴油机高压油泵故障分析

文章针对MAN L48/60CR型柴油机常见的高压油泵故障,从燃油供油系统、安全阀、燃油喷射控制单元、节流阀、高压油泵柱塞等方面分析可能出现的原因,深入讨论了高压油泵柱塞磨损故障机理,提出了高压油泵使用建议,为该机型柴油机管理提供一定的使用参考。

预喷参数对轻型车用高压共轨柴油机振动影响

以某一轻型车用四缸高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,研究了预喷参数对柴油机整机振动的影响。在不改变柴油机零部件的前提下,改变预喷油量和主、预喷时间间隔,对比分析各参数下柴油机整机的振动情况。试验结果表明:随着预喷油量的增加,整机振动变大。怠速工况下预喷对整机振动影响更为明显。预喷油量的确定必须要由主、预喷时刻以及循环喷油量共同决定才能实现减振;存在最佳主、预喷时间间隔使整机振动最小,并且这一时间间隔与喷油量及主喷时刻相关。

高压共轨系统小样本故障诊断方法

为解决高压共轨柴油机在故障诊断时因故障样本获取成本较高或故障样本获取难度较大造成的故障诊断训练样本不足问题,提出了一种使用基于数据增强的小样本学习方法与基于GA_BP神经网络的故障诊断方法的高压共轨系统小样本故障诊断方法.针对高压共轨小样本故障诊断的特性,使用最小二乘—生成式对抗神经网络(LSGANs)进行训练集的数据合成,提高了合成数据的质量与多样性,3种故障状态的合成数据与真实数据集的平均地球搬运距离为2.25,在小样本集上的平均诊断正确率可达95.53%.试验结果表明:本故障诊断方法在解决小样本故障诊断问题时,生成合成数据质量更高、多样性更强及普适性强,可以合成多种状态的轨压信号.

中型柴油机冷起动性能提升试验研究

国六柴油机冷起动性能对后处理DPF保护至关重要,本文分析了柴油机的冷起动性能较差的原因。通过对低温柴油喷射和雾化特性研究,得到了低温下柴油喷射量较常温降30%,贯穿距、油雾投影面积减小2.2mm和1.5mm2的结果,基于此提出轨管和高压油管加热的措施。经冷起动试验对比,验证了方案的有效性和可行性,试验结果表明共轨管加热和高压油管加热在相同的试验条件下比没有加热的方案能显著改善起动性能,减小起动时间,实现更低温度的起动。

电喷柴油机仿真模型在虚拟仿真系统中的应用研究

针对电喷柴油机缺少整体仿真模型而导致模拟器控制系统存在缺陷的问题,使用基于仿真模型控制的虚拟仿真系统取代传统轮机模拟器,设计开发二维端与三维端虚拟仿真系统,增强用户沉浸感与情景意识。通过对Wartsila-Sulzer公司的6RT-flex58T-D电控喷油高压共轨柴油机进行分析与研究,使用MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建了柴油机整体的仿真模型,在Visual Studio的集成开发环境下,利用C#语言对柴油机部分二维模拟软件与三维虚拟实验室进行设计研究与开发,阐明了相关的关键技术问题。在对各个模型、系统和数据架构进行联合调试后,虚拟仿真系统运行效果良好。结果表明,相对于传统模拟器,基于仿真模型逻辑控制的虚拟仿真系统自调节性更强、交互体验更好。

喷油器电磁阀结构及对地短路的分析与研究

电控喷油器是整个电控高压共轨燃油系统中最为核心的零部件,加工难度和复杂度最大,从电控喷油器内部结构及工作原理着手,分析电控喷油器工作过程。喷油器电磁阀是电控共轨喷油器中最为重要部件之一,分析电磁阀关键参数对喷油器响应速度的影响,喷油器驱动电流的控制与ECU的驱动电路密切相关,得出喷油器对地短路的故障机理,通过模拟试验,得出ECU报错的边界条件。排查某发动机工作过程中频繁报出喷油器对地短路问题,发现电磁阀结构和包裹的橡胶护套存在绝缘性不足问题,最后通过设计优化,问题得以彻底解决,为以后出现类似的问题提供解决思路。

柴油/天然气双燃料发动机油气耦合分层燃烧

针对柴油/天然气反应活性控制压缩点火发动机低负荷热效率低、未燃CH_(4)和CO排放高等问题,本文提出了一种发动机双进气道双阀燃气独立喷射方法,通过三维CFD仿真,对比研究了双阀燃气喷射比例对缸内油气耦合分层、燃烧以及排放特性的影响规律。结果表明:双阀燃气喷射比例对缸内混合气形成和燃烧过程有重要影响,通过微量柴油分段喷射和调整双阀燃气喷射比例,缸内能够形成高低反应活性燃料的耦合分层,缸压和放热率峰值增加,峰值相位提前,燃烧持续期缩短,未燃CH_(4)和CO排放总体呈现下降趋势。当双阀中直管燃气喷射比例为80%时,不仅能够提高发动机热效率,并且可以在NO排放不增加的情况下实现CH_(4)和CO排放的同时降低。