The protective effects of Xuebijing injection on intestinal injuries of mice exposed to irradiation

Background:Gastrointestinal(GI)injury is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy.However,there is no ideal therapy method except for symptomatic treatment in the clinic.Xuebijing(XBJ)is a traditional Chinese medicine,used to treat sepsis by injection.In this study,the protective effects of XBJ on radiation-i nduced intestinal injury(RⅢ)and its mechanism were explored.Methods:The effect of XBJ on survival of irradiated C57BL/6 mice was monitored.Histological changes including the number of crypts and the length of villi were evaluated by H&E.The expression of Lgr5^(+)intestinal stem cells(ISCs),Ki67^(+)cells,villin and lysozymes were examined by immunohistochemistry.The expression of cytokines in the intestinal crypt was detected by RT-PCR.DNA damage and apoptosis rates in the small intestine were also evaluated by immunofluorescence.Results:In the present study,XBJ improved the survival rate of the mice after 8.0and 9.0 Gy total body irradiation(TBI).XBJ attenuated structural damage of the small intestine,maintained regenerative ability and promoted proliferation and differentiation of crypt cells,decreased apoptosis rate and reduced DNA damage in the intestine.Elevation of IL-6 and TNF-α was limited,but IL-1,TNF-β and IL-10 levels were increased in XBJ-treated group after irradiation.The expression of Bax and p53 were decreased after XBJ treatment.Conclusions:Taken together,XBJ provides a protective effect on RⅢby inhibiting inflammation and blocking p53-related apoptosis pathway.

Control effect of boring pests on fruit trees by high-pressure injection of pesticides

This research is to control the pests inside fruits and buds by injecting pesticides into the tree with the high-pressure injector. The soluable pesticides injected into the trunk can transported insides to every part of the tree to kill pests. The change of pesticides inside the tree was observed. The result showed that injecting pesticides once a year could kill above 80% of the pests which happened once annually. The effect of injection lasts longer than that of applying the pesticide outside. The pesticides injected into the tree are not affected by environment and do not kill natural enemies directly,and the residual amount of pesticides is below the international standard level.

Development and Application of a Surface High-pressure Injection Device Using a Submersible Electric Pump

Injection recovery is an important measure for increasing the oil recovery rate of an oil field. One way is that centrifugal pumps or plunger pumps are used in an injection station to responsible for injection over a large area under the same pressure. This method is ineffective for low-permeability layers. For the oilfields in dispersed distribution in the marginal areas of Daqing, the low water-absorbing section needs an injection with a high delivery pressure and a low discharge capacity; another way is to install the submersible electric pump upside down, but because the submersible electric pump and the motor are underground, it is difficult for installation and maintenance. Introduced in this paper is the development and application of a surface high-pressure injection device with a submersible electric pump. Bysuccessful resolving some problems, such as the axial force of the submersible electric pump, sealing, level regulation of the pump, coaxiality and vibration, the device has the good points of running smoothly, moving easily, installation and maintains quickly and long period of running. This device can effectively solve the injection of the low water-absorbing section and of oilfields in dispersed locations. The recovery rate of oilfields is also enhanced.

Lateral intracerebroventricular injection of Apelin-13 inhibits apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Apelin- 13 inhibits neuronal apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide, yet apoptosis following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has rarely been studied. In this study, Apelin-13 （0.1 μg/g） was injected into the lateral ventricle of middle cerebral artery occlusion model rats. TTC, TUNEL, and immuno- histochemical staining showed that compared with the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group, infarct volume and apoptotic cell number at the ischemic penumbra region were decreased in the Apelin-13 treatment group. Additionally, Apelin-13 treatment increased Bcl-2 immtmoreactivity and decreased caspase-3 immunoreactivity, Our findings suggest that Apelin-13 is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.

Effect of shenfu injection on gastrointestinal microcirculation in rabbits after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

AIM： To investigate the effect of shenfu injection on gastrointestinal microcirculation after myocardial ischemic-reperfusion （IR） injury in rabbits and probe into the mechanism. METHODS： Forty healthy flap-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups： IR injury control group （group Ⅰ ）, shenfu injection 5 mL/kg per h group （group Ⅱ）, shenfu injection 10 mL/kg per h group （group Ⅲ） and shenfu injection 20 mL/kg per h group （group Ⅳ）. The four groups were treated with Lactated Ringer＇s solution, shenfu injection 5, 10, and 20 mL/ kg per h were infused intravenously 30 min before experiment respectively. The values of hemodynamics [mean arterial pressure （MAP）, heart rate （HR）, gastric intramucosal partial pressure of carbon dioxide （PCO2）, blood gas analysis and pH] were measured and compared with those before myocardial ischemia, 60 min after myocardial ischemia and 60, 90, and 180 rain after reperfusion. RESULTS： The MAP, HR and gastric intramucosal pH were （70.50 ± 4.50） kPa, （165 ± 14） beats per rain, 7.032 ± 0.024 in group Ⅰ 60 min after myocardial ischemia, which were significantly decreased compared with those before myocardial ischemia （88.50 ± 9.75 kPa, 217 ± 18 beats per rain, 7.112 ± 0.035, P 〈 0.05）. The MAP, HR and gastric intramucosal pH were significantly decreased in group Ⅰ 60, 90, and 180 min after reperfusion （61.50 ± 5.25 kPa, 133 ± 31 beats per rain, 6.997 ± 0.025） compared with those before reperfusion respectively （P 〈 0.05）, whereas the values were insignificantly different in groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ or Ⅳ after reperfusion, compared with those before reperfusion, and there were no significant differences between groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ after reperfusion. CONCLUSION： Pre-infusion of shenfu injection has a protective effect on gastrointestinal microcirculation after myocardial IR injury in rabbits, in a dose independent manner.

Neuroprotective effects of ultrasound-guided nerve growth factor injections after sciatic nerve injury

Nerve growth factor（NGF） plays an important role in promoting neuroregeneration after peripheral nerve injury. However, its effects are limited by its short half-life; it is therefore important to identify an effective mode of administration. High-frequency ultrasound（HFU） is increasingly used in the clinic for high-resolution visualization of tissues, and has been proposed as a method for identifying and evaluating peripheral nerve damage after injury. In addition, HFU is widely used for guiding needle placement when administering drugs to a specific site. We hypothesized that HFU guiding would optimize the neuroprotective effects of NGF on sciatic nerve injury in the rabbit. We performed behavioral, ultrasound, electrophysiological, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluation of HFU-guided NGF injections administered immediately after injury, or 14 days later, and compared this mode of administration with intramuscular NGF injections. Across all assessments, HFU-guided NGF injections gave consistently better outcomes than intramuscular NGF injections administered immediately or 14 days after injury, with immediate treatment also yielding better structural and functional results than when the treatment was delayed by 14 days. Our findings indicate that NGF should be administered as early as possible after peripheral nerve injury, and highlight the striking neuroprotective effects of HFU-guided NGF injections on peripheral nerve injury compared with intramuscular administration.

Establishing a rat model of spastic cerebral palsy by targeted ethanol injection

Spastic cerebral palsy is generally considered to result from cerebral cortical or pyramidal tract damage. Here, we precisely targeted the left pyramidal tract of 2-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats placed on a stereotaxic instrument under intraperitoneal anesthesia. Based on the rat brain stereotaxic map, a 1-mm hole was made 10 mm posterior to bregma and 0.8 mm left of sagittal suture. A microsyringe was inserted perpendicularly to the surface of the brain to a depth of 9.7 mm, and 15 wL of ethanol was slowly injected to establish a rat model of spastic cerebral palsy. After modeling, the rats appeared to have necrotic voids in the pyramidal tract and exhibited typical signs and symptoms of flexion spasms that lasted for a long period of time. These findings indicate that this is an effective and easy method of establishing a rat model of spastic cerebral palsy with good reproducibility. Ethanol as a chemical ablation agent specifically and thoroughly damages the py- ramidal tract, and therefore, the animals display flexion spasms, which are a typical symptom of the disease.

Danhong injection A modulator for Golgi structural stability after cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury

The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established using the suture occlusion method, and rats were intraperitoneally given 8 mL/kg Danhong injection once a day prior to model establishment Rat brain tissues were harvested at 6, 24, 48, 72 hours after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical staining showed that transforming growth factor-J31 expression increased, while Golgi matrix protein GM130 expression decreased after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Danhong injection was shown to significantly up-regulate the expression of transforming growth factor-131 and GM130, and expres- sion levels peaked at 7 days after reperfusion. At 7 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, Golgi morphology was damaged in untreated rats, while Golgi morphology breakage was not observed after intervention with Danhong injection. These experimental findings indicate that Danhong injec- tion can up-regulate the expression of transforming growth factor-131 and GM130, and maintain Golgi stability, thus playing a neuroprotective role in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Shenqi Fuzheng Injection Ameliorates Radiation-induced Brain Injury

Shenqi Fuzheng injection(SFI)has been confirmed to be able to alleviate brain injury in mice.This study examined the brain-protective effect of SFI on patients after cranial radiation.Lung cancer patients with brain metastasis were randomly assigned to two groups.The SFI group received cranial radiation in combination with SFI.The control group received cranial radiation alone.The changes in cognitive function were evaluated pre- and post-radiation against the Mini-Mental State Exam(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessement(MoCA),Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).The changes in inflammatory factors,such as TGF-β1,TNF-α and IL-10,were also detected before,during and after radiation(15Gy/5F).The results showed that 6 months after cranial radiation,the total scores on the MMSE and MoCA scales of the patients decreased,especially memory ability.The control group experienced a more evident decline,the memory ability being the greatest.TGF-β1 and TNF-α increased shortly after radiation and decreased one month later,and the change was more conspicuous in SFI group than in control group.IL-10 increased after radiation and stayed at a high level one month later in both groups,the level being higher in the SFI group than in the control group.Our study indicated that cognitive functions,especially memory ability,were impaired after cranial radiation.SFI could alleviate radiation-induced brain injury by regulating inflammatory factors.

Effect of Shenfu injection on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver graft

BACKGROUND: It is reported that Shenfu injection (an injection prepared from traditional Chinese medicines red ginseng and aconite root) can decrease the extent of ischemia-reperfusion injury to many organs, such as the heart and kidney. We therefore investigated the effect of Shenfu injection on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver graft and its mechanism. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used as a model for isogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation. Sixty rats were randomly devided into two groups (30 in each group). The recipient was given intravenous Shenfu injection immediately before the removal of the liver in the Shenfu group and normal saline of the same volume in the control group. At 3, 6 and 24 hours after the reperfusion, blood and hepatic tissue were taken for examination. RESULTS: The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) increased more significantly in the Shenfu group than in the control group (P <0.05). The levels of serum liver enzymes, hyaluronic acid (HA), malondialde-hyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), inter-leukin-1 (IL-1), endothelin -1 (ET-1) and liver cell apopto-sis index were lower in the Shenfu group than in the control group (P <0. 05). Microscopic examination revealed that the morphological changes of hepatic tissue were more severe in the control group than in the Shenfu group. CONCLUSIONS: Shenfu injection has protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat liver graft. It inhibits the production of oxygen free radical and the activation of Kupffer cells, decreases apoptosis of liver cell, and improves microcirculation.

Effect of Xuebijing injection on myocardium during cardiopulmonary bypass:A prospective,randomized,double blind trial

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)is an essential procedure for maintaining the blood supply to vital organs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.However,perioperative cardiac injury related to CPB remains a severe complication in these patients.Cardiac protection is important for patients undergoing CPB.AIM To evaluate the potential cardioprotective efficacy of the Chinese medicine preparation Xuebijing injection(XBJ)in patients undergoing CPB.METHODS Sixty patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were randomly allocated to the XBJ and control groups(saline).XBJ was administered intravenously three times:12 h prior to surgery,at the beginning of the surgery,and 12 h after the second injection.Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography 48 h after surgery.Circulating inflammation-and oxidative-stress-related markers were measured.Clinical outcomes related to intensive care unit(ICU)stay were recorded.RESULTS Compared to control treatment,XBJ was associated with improved PaO2/FiO2 and cardiac systolic function,but reduced troponin I and creatine kinase fraction after surgery(all P<0.05).The circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-8 in the XBJ group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05),whereas the circulating concentration of IL-10 was significantly higher in the XBJ group(P<0.05).In addition,the lengths of ICU stay and hospitalization after surgery tended to be shorter in the XBJ group than in the control group,although the differences were not significant.CONCLUSION Perioperative administration of XBJ was associated with attenuated cardiac injury during CPB,likely via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms.

Early cyclosporin A treatment retards axonal degeneration in an experimental peripheral nerve injection injury model

Injury to peripheral nerves during injections of therapeutic agents such as penicillin G potas-sium is common in developing countries. It has been shown that cyclosporin A, a powerful immunosuppressive agent, can retard Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve crush injury. However, few studies are reported on the effects of cyclosporin A on peripheral nerve drug in-jection injury. This study aimed to assess the time-dependent efifcacy of cyclosporine-A as an immunosuppressant therapy in an experimental rat nerve injection injury model established by penicillin G potassium injection. The rats were randomly divided into three groups based on the length of time after nerve injury induced by cyclosporine-A administration （30 minutes, 8 or 24 hours）. The compound muscle action potentials were recorded pre-injury, early post-injury （within 1 hour） and 4 weeks after injury and compared statistically. Tissue samples were taken from each animal for histological analysis. Compared to the control group, a significant im-provement of the compound muscle action potential amplitude value was observed only when cyclosporine-A was administered within 30 minutes of the injection injury （P 〈 0.05）; at 8 or 24 hours after cyclosporine-A administration, compound muscle action potential amplitude was not changed compared with the control group. Thus, early immunosuppressant drug therapy may be a good alternative neuroprotective therapy option in experimental nerve injection injury induced by penicillin G potassium injection.

STUDY OF THE INJURY OF THE Ar^+ INJECTION Si LAYER BY THE USE OF XRD AND ELLIPSOMETER

The Ar+ injection layer into silicon can be described as inhomogeneous absorption medium wafer. The distribution of the stress, strain, strain energy in the injury layer has been studied utilizing XRD. And the average ellipsometer is used here to investigate the optical constant and degree of injury of the ion injection injury wafer.

Effects of adjuvant danhong injection therapy on nerve injury and platelet activation markers in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective:To investigate the effects of adjuvant danhong injection therapy on nerve injury and platelet activation markers in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods: A total of 102 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were treated in our hospital between January 2016 and September 2017 were reviewed and divided into the routine group (n=54) who received conventional therapy and the danhong injection group who received adjuvant danhong injection therapy. The differences in the contents of nerve injury indexes in serum and platelet activation markers in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups before treatment, after 3 d of treatment and after 7 d of treatment.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the contents of nerve injury indexes in serum and platelet activation markers in peripheral blood between the two groups before treatment. After 3 d of treatment and after 7 d of treatment, copeptin, H-FABP and NSE contents in serum of danhong injection group were lower than those of routine group whereas BDNF and bFGF contents were higher than those of routine group;CD62p, CD42b, PAC-1 and PMA contents in peripheral blood were lower than those of routine group.Conclusion: Conventional therapy combined with adjuvant danhong injection therapy can effectively reduce the degree of nerve injury and inhibit the platelet activation in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Subserosal injection of hyaluronic acid may prevent perforation after endoscopic resection

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of subserosal injection of hyaluronic acid(HA) after endoscopic resection(ER) using ex vivo and in vivo studies.METHODS:As the first examination,technical application of subserosal injection was tested 10 times using resected porcine stomachs.As the second examination,ER was applied to make six mucosal defects per stomach in three live minipigs and thermal damage was given on the proper muscle layer by using hemostatic forceps.Following the thermocoagulation,1 mL of normal saline and HA,respectively,was injected targeting the subserosal layer in two mucosal defects each and the rest kept no injection as the control.The minipigs were recovered from the anesthesia and kept fasting until euthanasia which was carried out around 24 h after the procedures.RESULTS:Ex vivo study revealed that complete and partial subserosal injection was possible two(20%) and four(40%) times,respectively.In vivo study revealed that no postoperative perforation occurred at any point of the thermocoagulation.Apparent retention of hyaluronic acid was identified at only two(33%) points where HA was injected.CONCLUSION:This study failed to show preventative effects of subserosal injection of HA on postoperative perforation due to technical faults.However,this concept has a possibility to change strategy of ER with further technical innovation.

Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Injection Combined with Laparoscopic Reduction on Injury of Appendix in Patients with Intussusception

[Objectives] The aim was to analyze the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection combined with laparoscopic reduction on the degree of appendix injury in intussusception.[Methods]Seventy-four children with intussusception who were treated in the Xuchang Municipal Hospital from August 2014 to August 2017 were randomly and evenly divided into two groups,control group and treatment group.The children in the control group were treated by laparoscopic reduction,and those in the treatment group were treated with S.miltiorrhiza injection combined with laparoscopic reduction.The clinical effect on intussusception in the children was compared between the two groups.[Results] Before treatment,no significant difference was founding serum NO level between the control and treatment groups(P > 0.05).On Day 1,3 and 5 of treatment,the serum NO levels of the treatment group[(74.16 ± 6.81),(61.98 ± 4.77) and(54.76 ± 4.36) μmol/L] were significantly lower than those of the control group[(89.67 ± 6.34),(84.75 ± 5.21) and(71.95 ± 4.58) μmol/L](P < 0.05).After treatment,the TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the treatment group[(184.32 ± 10.67) and(332.16 ± 34.17) pg/m L] were significantly lower than those of the control group[(268.26 ± 12.74) and(438.23 ± 35.26) pg/m L](P < 0.05);and the Chiu score of the treatment group(2.34 ± 1.12) was also significantly lower than that of the control group(4.85 ± 1.67)(P < 0.05).[Conclusions]For children with intussusception,S.miltiorrhiza injection combined with laparoscopic reduction is effective in reducing serum NO level and reducing the degree of appendix injury,which is worthy of clinical application.

Iatrogenic crystalline lens injury during intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide: A report of two cases

BACKGROUND Intravitreal injection has become an efficient approach for delivering drugs at therapeutic levels to the posterior segment in retinal diseases.However,the increased frequency and number of intravitreal injections have raised concerns about their side effects.As manipulation during surgery is relatively simple,details of the procedure are easily overlooked.Iatrogenic crystalline lens injury is a rare complication caused by improper manipulation during surgical procedures.We report two cases of crystalline lens injury during intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)with the hope of providing an insight into this treatment.CASE SUMMARY Case 1 was a 62-year-old woman with macular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion in her right eye,and Case 2 was a 65-year-old man with macular edema caused by branch retinal vein occlusion in his right eye.In view of the patients’condition and economic constraints,an intravitreal injection of TA was administered.Due to inappropriate manipulation during surgery,the lens was injured.The site of lens injury and clinical manifestations were different in the two cases.Symptomatic treatment and continuous follow-up were carried out.The therapeutic effect following phacoemulsification of the cataract was satisfactory.CONCLUSION Well-defined surgical incision under proper anesthesia,sufficient patient information and proficient anatomical skills of the physician are mandatory to prevent this rare adverse event.Careful and meticulous phacoemulsification of the cataract is suggested.

Characteristics of High-Pressure Spray of a Gasoline Direct Injection Injector Under Non-Flash Boiling and Flash Boiling Conditions

The increasingly stringent emission regulations and fuel consumption requirements have elevated the demands of internal combustion engines with higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions.It has been widely demonstrated that fash boiling spray can generate shorter and wider spray with improved atomization and evaporation to promote a better air-fuel mixing process.In this study,macroscopic(far-field)spray morphologies and primary breakup(near-field)characteristics of a two-hole gasoline direct injection injector are investigated under non-flash boiling and flash boiling conditions.High speed macroscopic and microscopic imaging was used to capture the overall spray structure and near-field characteristics,respectively.N-Hexane is used as the test fuel with the injection pressure ranging from 10 MPa up to 40 MPa.For sub-cooled liquid fuel sprays,increasing fuel pressure contributes to enhanced fuel atomization and evaporation.Evident collapses occurred under fare flash boiling conditions,and higher injection pressure weakened this phenomenon since the spray cone angle decreased due to a higher injection velocity.

Single intravenous injection of CoQ₁₀reduces infarct size in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion injury

Maintenance of mitochondrial activity and antioxidant features of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could be an effective background for treatment of acute myocardial ischemia. Dietary uptake of CoQ10 is limited to only a few percent. In urgent cases, parenteral administration of CoQ10 could provide fast increase of its plasma and myocardial levels. The aim was to evaluate whether a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of solubilized CoQ10 before ischemia/reperfusion (IR) could lead to replenishment of its myocardial levels and limits subsequent myocardial IR injury. Methods: 30 min prior to coronary artery occlusion rats received i.v. solubilized CoQ10 (30 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg). After 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion, infarct zone of left ventricle (LV) and quantity of CoQ10 in LV were determined. Cardiac rhythm was monitored through the whole experiment. Results: At the beginning of reperfusion, arrhythmias were recorded in 8 (from 9) in saline and 2 (from 9) in CoQ10-treated rats. Arrhythmias in CoQ10-treated rats arose later (40 ± 8 sec) and had less duration (26 ± 14 sec);14 ± 13 sec and 52 ± 17 sec in saline treated rats respectively. At the end of reperfusion CoQ10 treated rats revealed: 2 fold higher CoQ10 content in LV (p 10 were accompanied by less infarct size (r = ﹣0.77, p i.v. injection of CoQ10 effectively increased its myocardial levels and protected heart against IR injury by diminishing the size of the irreversibly damaged myocardium, decreasing frequency and duration of arrhythmias. The infarct zone inversely correlated with the quantity of CoQ10 in LV.

Establishment of Acute Lung Injury Model Induced by Intraperitoneal Injection of Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

The model of acute lung injury(ALI)was established by intraperitoneal administration,but there was no time-point observation and comparison.ALI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)at the concentration of 10 mg·kg^-1 (10 mg LPS dissolved in 1 mL normal saline to prepare 1 mL·kg^-1solution)in rats.The control group(CG)was intraperitoneally injected with saline of the same dose.In the LPS group,lung tissues were collected at 4,6,8,12 and 24 h after administration.Then,the morphology changes,the ratio of wet-to-dry weight(W/D),the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)proteins,the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH)were measured.To verify the success of the model,the degrees of lung injury via Western blot,RT-PCR,ELISA and other techniques were detected at different time points,and the severe time of the ALI model established was deterimined by intraperitoneal administration,which provided a stable model basis for the study of the pathogenesis of ALI in the future.The results showed that the lung injury occurred in LPS group.W/D and lung pathological changes at 12 and 24 h of LPS group were significantly different from those in the CG.Compared with the CG,the expression of IL-1βand TNF-αproteins and the content of MDA in lung tissues of LPS group increased and most significant difference was found at 12 and 24 h(p<0.01).Compared with the CG,the activities of SOD and GSH in LPS 12 h group decreased significantly(p<0.01).In conclusion,inflammation and oxidative damage were the main causes of the ALI in rats.Lung injury was most obvious 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg·kg^-1 LPS.