Enhanced recovery of high-purity Fe powder from iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue by slurry electrolysis

Iron-rich electrolytic manganese residue(IREMR)is an industrial waste produced during the processing of electrolytic metal manganese,and it contains certain amounts of Fe and Mn resources and other heavy metals.In this study,the slurry electrolysis technique was used to recover high-purity Fe powder from IREMR.The effects of IREMR and H2SO4 mass ratio,current density,reaction temper-ature,and electrolytic time on the leaching and current efficiencies of Fe were studied.According to the results,high-purity Fe powder can be recovered from the cathode plate,and the slurry electrolyte can be recycled.The leaching efficiency,current efficiency,and purity of Fe reached 92.58%,80.65%,and 98.72wt%,respectively,at a 1:2.5 mass ratio of H2SO4 and IREMR,reaction temperature of 60℃,electric current density of 30 mA/cm^(2),and reaction time of 8 h.In addition,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)analysis showed that the coercivity of electrolytic iron powder was 54.5 A/m,which reached the advanced magnetic grade of electrical pure-iron powder(DT4A coercivity standard).The slurry electrolytic method provides fundamental support for the industrial application of Fe resource recovery in IRMER.

Artificial neural network-based method for discriminating Compton scattering events in high-purity germaniumγ-ray spectrometer

To detect radioactive substances with low activity levels,an anticoincidence detector and a high-purity germanium(HPGe)detector are typically used simultaneously to suppress Compton scattering background,thereby resulting in an extremely low detection limit and improving the measurement accuracy.However,the complex and expensive hardware required does not facilitate the application or promotion of this method.Thus,a method is proposed in this study to discriminate the digital waveform of pulse signals output using an HPGe detector,whereby Compton scattering background is suppressed and a low minimum detectable activity(MDA)is achieved without using an expensive and complex anticoincidence detector and device.The electric-field-strength and energy-deposition distributions of the detector are simulated to determine the relationship between pulse shape and energy-deposition location,as well as the characteristics of energy-deposition distributions for fulland partial-energy deposition events.This relationship is used to develop a pulse-shape-discrimination algorithm based on an artificial neural network for pulse-feature identification.To accurately determine the relationship between the deposited energy of gamma(γ)rays in the detector and the deposition location,we extract four shape parameters from the pulse signals output by the detector.Machine learning is used to input the four shape parameters into the detector.Subsequently,the pulse signals are identified and classified to discriminate between partial-and full-energy deposition events.Some partial-energy deposition events are removed to suppress Compton scattering.The proposed method effectively decreases the MDA of an HPGeγ-energy dispersive spectrometer.Test results show that the Compton suppression factors for energy spectra obtained from measurements on ^(152)Eu,^(137)Cs,and ^(60)Co radioactive sources are 1.13(344 keV),1.11(662 keV),and 1.08(1332 keV),respectively,and that the corresponding MDAs are 1.4%,5.3%,and 21.6%lower,respectively.

Use of various MgO resources for high-purity Mg metal production through molten salt electrolysis and vacuum distillation

A green and effective electrolytic process was developed to produce high-purity Mg metal using primary and secondary resources containing Mg O as a feedstock. The electrolysis of various Mg O resources was conducted using a Cu cathode in MgF2– LiF – KCl molten salt at 1043 K by applying an average current of 1.44 A for 12.5 h. The electrolysis of calcined North Korean magnesite and seawater Mg O clinker yielded Mg alloys of MgCu2and(Cu) phases with current efficiencies of 89.6–92.4%. The electrolysis of oxidized Mg O-C refractory brick, aged ferronickel slag, and ferronickel slag yielded Mg alloys of MgCu2and(Cu) phases with current efficiencies of 59.3–92.3%. The vacuum distillation of Mg alloys obtained was conducted at 1300 K for 10 h to produce high-purity Mg metal. After vacuum distillation, Mg metal with a purity of above 99.994% was obtained. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the production of high-purity Mg metal from various Mg O resources using a novel electrolytic process with a Cu cathode, followed by vacuum distillation.

Minimizing pest aluminum in magnesium for the production of high-purity titanium

It is practically difficult to find titanium sponges with low and stable aluminum impurities on the market even though it is the precondition to prepare high-purity titanium. Analysis indicates that almost all the aluminum impurities in the titanium sponge are inherited from the magnesium used to reduce titanium tetrachloride. However, it remains elusive for decades why magnesium produced through the silicothermic reduction method contains a high content of aluminum impurities with large fluctuations. By recourse to thermodynamic calculations and comparative experiments, we demonstrate that fluorite, a material used as a catalyst in the silicothermic reduction method to produce magnesium, is the chief culprit for the pest aluminum and propose a mechanism to rationalize the observed phenomena. Our findings indicate that one practical way to produce qualified magnesium for the production of high-purity titanium is to abandon fluorite during the production of magnesium with the silicothermic reduction method.

Production of high-purity Mg metal from dolomite through novel molten salt electrolysis and vacuum distillation

In this study,a novel Mg production process for producing high-purity Mg metal from dolomite was developed.When the electrolysis of calcined dolomite was conducted using Cu cathode and C anode in MgF_(2)–LiF molten salt at 1083–1173 K by applying an average current of 1.42–1.46 A for 9.50–21.0 h,the current efficiency of 66.4–88.6%was obtained.The produced Mg alloys consisted of MgCu_(2)and Cu(Mg)or MgCu_(2)and CuMg_(2)phases,depending on the Mg concentration in the Mg alloy.When the electrolysis of calcined dolomite was conducted in MgF_(2)–LiF–CaF_(2)molten salt at 1083 K,the current efficiency was 40.9–71.4%,owing to undesired reactions such as electroreduction of Ca^(2+)or/and CO_(3)^(2−)ions.Meanwhile,the current efficiency increased from 40.9%to 63.2%by utilizing a Pt anode,because the occurrence of CO_(3)^(2−)ions in the molten salt was prevented.After vacuum distillation of the obtained Mg alloys at 1300 K for 10 h,Mg metal with a purity of 99.9996–99.9998%was produced.Therefore,the feasibility of this novel process for the production of high-purity Mg metal from dolomite was demonstrated.

Timing of granite pegmatite-type high-purity quartz deposit in the Eastern Qinling,China:constraints from in-situ LA-ICP-MS trace analyses of quartz and monazite U–Pb dating

Eastern Qinling,China is one of the important rare metal metallogenic provinces with extensively distributed granite pegmatite dikes.The No.5 granite pegmatite intruded into the granitic gneiss of the Qinling Group,and the major minerals are quartz(39.8%),K-feldspar(18.8%),albite(36.3%),muscovite(3.4%),and garnet(1.1%).Monazite U–Pb isotopic dating indicates that the No.5 pegmatite from the Eastern Qinling was emplaced at ca.420.2±2.2 Ma,which confirms that highpurity quartz mineralization probably formed during the Early Devonian.In-situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of quartz show that quartz samples from Eastern Qinling have total trace element concentrations(Al,Ti,Sc,Li,B,Cr,Mn,and Fe)ranging from 23.2 to 52.8 ppm,slightly higher than the quartz(impurity element content from 13.4 to 25.9 ppm)of the Spruce Pine high-purity quartz deposit in western North Carolina.The No.5 pegmatite of Eastern Qinling could be defined as one high-purity quartz deposit of China.

Preparing high-purity iron by direct reduction?smelting separation of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate

A new process for preparing high-purity iron(HPI)was proposed,and it was investigated by laboratory experiments and pilot tests.The results show that under conditions of a reduced temperature of 1075°C,reduced time of 5 h,and CaO content of 2.5wt%,a DRI with a metallization rate of 96.5%was obtained through coal-based direct reduction of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate.Then,an HPI with a Fe purity of 99.95%and C,Si,Mn,and P contents as low as 0.0008wt%,0.0006wt%,0.0014wt%,and 0.0015wt%,respectively,was prepared by smelting separation of the DRI using a smelting temperature of 1625°C,smelting time of 45 min,and CaO content of 9.3wt%.The product of the pilot test with a scale of 0.01 Mt/a had a lower impurity content than the Chinese industry standard.An HPI with a Fe purity of 99.98wt%can be produced through the direct reduction?smelting separation of ultra-high-grade iron concentrate at relatively low cost.The proposed process shows a promising prospect for application in the future.

The Status Quo and Development Trend of High-purity Gold Sputtering Targets

This article gives a brief introduction to manufacturers and markets of sputtering targets as well as the manufacturing technology thereof. Then, it analyzes the application of high-purity gold sputtering targets in the fields of integrated circuit, information storage, flat panel display, etc. Based on the above, the article analyzes the processing development trend for the high-purity gold sputtering targets in aspects of ultra-high purity, manufacturing technology, analysis and testing technologies.

Atomic Emission Spectrographic Analysis of High-purity Gallium with Prior Partial Dissolution of Matrix

An improved method has been developed for enriching and determining trace In,Pt,Sn,Co,Hg,Pb,Ni, Bi,Pd,Cu and Ag in high-purity gallium.Sample was treated by PDM(partial dissolution of matrix)with HCl(11mol/L)-HNO_3(0.5mol/L)to a small residue of which Ga was then removed by extraction with 1 ml isopropyl ether.The concentrated impurities were determined by AES procedure.The recoveries for the ele- ments at the range of 0.02～0.2 μg are 95～103％;the relative standard deviations for determined impurities overa rangeofn.10^(-7)～n·10^(-8)％ are 4.3～12％;the detection limit of most elements can reach n·10^(-7)～ n·10^(-8)％ level with the exception of Hg and Pt.This method has been successfully used to analyze many sam- ples sent by factories and institutes.

Present Situation and Prospects of High-purity Elements in China

1.IntroductionHigh-purity elements are the basic materials in electronics,communication,aerospace,atomicenergy and semiconductor material industries.Its development is a decisive factor for high-tech in-dustries.The high-purification of non-ferrous metals is of great significance.It conduces to determining

Production of high-purity hydrogen from paper recycling black liquor via sorption enhanced steam reforming

Environmentally friendly and energy saving treatment of black liquor(BL),a massively produced waste in Kraft papermaking process,still remains a big challenge.Here,by adopting a NieCaOeCa_(12)Al_(14)O_(33) bifunctional catalyst derived from hydrotalcite-like materials,we demonstrate the feasibility of producing high-purity H_(2)(~96%)with 0.9 mol H_(2) mol^(-1) C yield via the sorption enhanced steam reforming(SESR)of BL.The SESRBL performance in terms of H_(2) production maintained stable for 5 cycles,but declined from the 6th cycle.XRD,Raman spectroscopy,elemental analysis and energy dispersive techniques were employed to rationalize the deactivation of the catalyst.It was revealed that gradual sintering and agglomeration of Ni and CaO and associated coking played important roles in catalyst deactivation and performance degradation of SESRBL,while deposition of Na and K from the BL might also be responsible for the declined performance.On the other hand,it was demonstrated that the SESRBL process could effectively reduce the emission of sulfur species by storing it as CaSO_(3).Our results highlight a promising alternative for BL treatment and H_(2) production,thereby being beneficial for pollution control and environment governance in the context of mitigation of climate change.

Optical Methods in Orientation of High-Purity Germanium Crystal

Two optical methods, namely crystal facet reflection and etching pits reflection, were used to orient and high-purity germanium crystals. The X-ray diffraction patterns of three slices that were cut from the oriented and crystals were measured by X-ray diffraction. The experimental errors of crystal facet reflection method and etching pits reflection method are in the range of 0.05° - 0.12°. The crystal facet reflection method and etching pits reflection method are extremely simple and cheap and their accuracies are acceptable for characterizing high purity detector-grade germanium crystals.

Oxidation of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide from Polymer Flooding Processes Using Fenton Reagents

The degradation of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) found in alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding sewage was investigated using Fenton-type reagents. Different Fenton reagent treatments for HPAM degradation were compared. The effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), ferrous ion(Fe^(2+)), and tartaric ion(C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)) concentrations were studied. The degradation reaction occurred within a wide range of pH(3–9). The HPAM degradation performance of photo-Fenton processes using solar light and UV were compared with that of the Fenton process. The degradation rate was found to be strongly dependent on the H_(2)O_(2)/Fe^(2+)/C_(4)H_(4)O_(6)^(2-)molar ratio. The HPAM degradation efficiency was 90%, and the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was 85%. HPAM could be degraded into a compound with a lower molecular weight, but it was difficult to achieve complete mineralization to CO_(2). The presence of intermediate products hindered further oxidation in the Fenton process.

北京医院临床检验体外诊断试剂的遴选与优化管理实践

目的形成临床检验体外诊断试剂(in vitro diagnostic reagents,IVD)遴选与优化的管理方案和管理数据库,优化IVD管理工作。方法对政策背景和北京医院临床检验IVD的管理现状进行分析,基于临床需求,制定已开展和新申请检验项目IVD的遴选与优化管理方案,通过梳理项目、公开招标、创新报价方式、现场评审等步骤,对全院IVD进行遴选和优化,形成北京医院IVD管理数据库和资质数据库,并从合规性、工作效率和成本管控方面进行效果评估。结果按照制定的IVD遴选与优化管理方案完成全院1737项IVD的遴选和优化工作,管理方案的实施提高了工作效率,平均一次会议评审的内容增加10倍以上,加快了新申请IVD准入频率;降低了IVD成本,全院采购金额平均降幅约15%,重点IVD产品遴选后较遴选前价格降低,且差异具有统计学意义(t=2.493,P=0.034)。结论IVD遴选与优化的管理方案切实可行,可以达到“保合规,提效率,降成本”的目标。

某复杂萤石型稀土矿绿色同步回收稀土萤石技术研究

萤石型稀土矿浮选通常是采用抑制剂抑制萤石及其他脉石矿物、羟肟酸类捕收剂优先浮选稀土矿物,浮选得到的稀土精矿经磁选提纯得到最终稀土精矿,然后从稀土浮选尾矿中回收萤石的选矿工艺流程,该工艺和药剂虽然高效回收了萤石型稀土矿中的稀土矿物,但肟类捕收剂有一定毒性,且在优先浮选稀土矿物时萤石受到强烈抑制,不利于再次浮选回收。因此,针对某复杂难选萤石型稀土矿,其中主要有用矿物为稀土和萤石,REO品位为1.526%、CaF_(2)品位16.128%,矿样中REO总含量的80.24%、13.28%和5.82%分别分布于氟碳铈矿、氟碳钙铈矿和褐帘石中,通过采用无毒药剂,研发稀土萤石同步浮选—稀土萤石混合精矿分离工艺技术,采用具体的选矿方案:矿样磨矿—浮硫除杂—浮硫尾矿稀土萤石同步浮选—稀土萤石混合精矿浮磁分离,最终闭路试验获得REO品位为53.81%、REO回收率为52.56%的稀土精矿和CaF2品位为92.03%、CaF_(2)回收率为67.77%的萤石精矿,实现了萤石型稀土矿中稀土和萤石的绿色同步回收,也为稀土萤石混合精矿的分离提纯提供了一种可借鉴的方法。

云南某难选氧硫混合铜矿石的新型药剂浮选试验研究

云南某氧硫混合铜矿石氧化率高、铜矿物嵌布粒度细、钙镁等易泥化脉石含量高,为充分利用该矿石资源,采用“铜硫混合浮选—混合精矿铜硫分离—混浮尾矿再选氧化铜”流程开展了新型药剂浮选试验研究。在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占85%的条件下,应用新型捕收剂KM23和起泡剂730A选出混合铜硫精矿,应用组合抑制剂石灰+LY分离浮选出硫化铜矿物,应用组合活化剂硫化钠+氯化铵浮选出氧化铜矿物,最终获得铜品位为22.56%、铜回收率为42.91%的硫化铜精矿和铜品位为20.64%、铜回收率为27.18%的氧化铜精矿,铜综合回收率为70.09%。有价金属银在铜精矿中富集,硫化铜精矿含银145.7 g/t、氧化铜精矿含银91.17 g/t。研究结果可作为该矿石开发利用的依据。

造孔剂脱除方式对VPO催化剂性能的影响

制备了正丁烷氧化制顺酐的VPO催化剂,采用XRD和XPS对催化剂进行了表征,研究了造孔剂脱除对催化剂性能的影响,包括造孔剂含量、造孔剂脱除顺序以及低温减压脱除造孔剂对催化剂性能的影响,并考察了催化剂的稳定性。实验结果表明,降低造孔剂含量不能有效提升催化剂的性能;采用先脱除造孔剂后活化的方法制备VPO催化剂,在408℃熔盐温度下正丁烷转化率达到80.6%、顺酐收率可达94.3%(w),催化剂性能有所提升;采用低温减压的方法脱除造孔剂,VPO催化剂在408℃熔盐温度下正丁烷转化率达到82.5%、顺酐收率达到95.1%(w),可以显著提升催化剂的性能,且在反应50 d内正丁烷转化率维持在82.0%以上、顺酐收率稳定在94.0%(w)以上。

基于零库存目标的体外诊断试剂供应链质量评价与改进研究

目的:制定体外诊断试剂供应链的零库存管理目标,评价供应链质量,改进试剂供应中存在的问题。方法:从体外诊断试剂的库存量、供应效率和产品质量方面分析体外诊断试剂管理中存在的问题,制定医院运营、管理质量和患者利益最优化的管理体系,构建零库存管理路径和质量评价模型。选取2020年1月至2023年3月江苏省苏北人民医院采购的21种类型85个型号的体外诊断试剂,根据供应链质量管理方式不同,分别采用按需库存管理模式(模式1)和零库存管理模式(模式2),对比两种管理模式的需求采购、库存管理和临床使用效果。结果:采用模式2管理方式的体外诊断试剂的采购需求达标率、供应能力优质率和临床使用匹配度分别为(93.35±3.62)%、(94.87±2.63)%和(96.08±2.31)%,均高于模式1,其差异有统计学意义(Z=2.489、2.836、2.838,P<0.05),存产品长期积压、环境不达标和信息不及时的例数分别为(2.92±2.54)例、(2.83±1.59)例和(5.58±3.12)例,均低于模式1,其差异有统计学意义(Z=2.959、3.037、3.703,P<0.05);临床科室、医技科室及采购中心对模式2的体外诊断试剂的供应配送和信息沟通的满意度分别为97.8%和93.3%、97.0%和87.9%、100%和84.6%,均高于模式1,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(临床科室)=5.428、6.133,χ^(2)_(医技科室)=3.958、3.937,χ^(2)_(采购中心)=5.159、4.996,P<0.05)。结论:零库存管理模式能够提高体外诊断试剂需求采购的规范性,降低库存管理中积压失效问题的发生率,提升临床供应服务质量。

滴定分析中常见的误差及其对分析结果的影响

滴定分析中不可避免地存在各种误差,绝大多数误差会对分析结果造成一定的影响。然而,不少同学对误差的判定感到难以理解,经常得到错误的结论。为了帮助学生理解误差产生的根本原因,正确分析误差对分析结果的影响,本文结合实例根据滴定分析中误差产生的原因对误差进行了分类(主要包括由终点指示方式、试剂及分析人员的操作引起的误差),并结合公式对于误差对分析结果造成的影响进行了分析。

OH+HCl→Cl+H_(2)O反应中的反应物转动激发效应

本文在最近构建的F12a势能面上,对OH+HCl→Cl+H_(2)O的一系列反应物转动激发态进行了势能平均的五维含时波包计算,得到了初始态选择的反应几率和速率常数。研究发现,除了很低碰撞能量,单独激发反应物HCl到j_(1)=2或者OH到j_(2)=1得到了总反应几率的最大值.在低能区域,随着OH转动激发的增加,反应几率的共振增强迅速减小,导致250K以下的速率常数迅速下降HCl和OH同时转动激发的速率常数不是单独激发结果的简单叠加。最后,通过对(5,5)态以下初始转动态的速率常数进行玻尔兹曼平均,得到了反应的热速率常数,与实验结果基本吻合。