Analysis of the relationship between 24-hour sodium and blood pressure and the dietary status based on mobile phone APP in the high-risk population of hypertension in Haikou

Objective:To understand the dietary intake of high-risk population with hypertension in Haikou,and to analyze the relationship between dietary intake and blood pressure,especially the relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure,so as to provide a scientific basis for salt reduction.Methods:A multi-stage cluster sampling 2021 was used from July to December to collect 3-4 cscs from each of the four districts in Haikou.A total of 15 cscs were collected,295 permanent residents aged 55-74 were recruited from 15 community service centers,with 20 eligible subjects from each community.The subjects underwent general physical examination,laboratory tests,and a dietary survey using the self-developed Android phone APP“Nutrition Assistant”(registration number:2021SR1547832).SPSS 21.0 was used 2 for t test,x^(2) test and multiple Regression analysis.Result:In Haikou,69.4%of the subjects had energy intake above energy requirement,and 44.8%had fat intake above the acceptable range of macronutrients.There were only differences in energy,carbohydrate,vitamin B 6 and sodium intake(t=-2.174,-1.990,2.333,-5.442,P=0.031,0.048,0.021,<0.001,respectively).There were significant differences in BMI,family history of chronic diseases,systolic blood 2 pressure and diastolic blood pressure(f value or x^(2) value were 4.260,19.045,139.916,36.864,P value were 0.015,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,respectively).Multiple Regression analysis analysis showed that 24h sodium excretion was significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(t=12.964,P<0.001),systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased by 0.135 mmhg and 0.068 mmhg,respectively.Conclusion:The dietary intake of the middle-aged and elderly people at high risk of hypertension in the Haikou community was unbalanced,and the intake of sodium salt was strongly correlated with blood pressure,it is necessary to continue to promote salt reduction as one of the key ways to prevent and control hypertension.

Seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i>Antibodies and Risk Factors Associated with Human Brucellosis in High-Risk Occupational Groups of the Noun Division in the West Region of Cameroon

Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of Brucella from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and Brucella antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (P = 0.04;X2 = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;P = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;P = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;P < 0.0001) appeared as factors that may increase the risk of Brucella infections. The detection of Brucella antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.

Age scope of high-risk population for esophageal cancer in Ci county

AIM: To define the age scope of high-risk population for esophageal cancer (EC) in Ci county. METHODS: The results of endoscopic examination of 2 013 subjects, cytological screening of 16 763 persons and records of 9 265 patients with EC were analyzed by Ridit methods, the standard age group was 45-49 year group. RESULTS: The average age of patients with moderate esophageal epithelium dysplasia by endoscopic examination was 53.5 years, of severe esophageal epithelium dysplasia, 51.4 years, early EC, 55.6 years. The average age of stage one severe epithelium dysplasia (SEEDⅠ) by cytological screening was 51.2 years, of stage two severe epithelium esophageal dysplasia (SEED Ⅱ) 51.6 years, of advanced EC 61.7 years. In the group of 40-year olds, the value of Ridit by pathological diagnosis was 0.46, 95% CI, 0.45-0.47, that by cytological diagnosis was 0.45, 95% CI, 0.43-0.47. As the age increased at five-year intervals, the value of Ridit increased significantly. CONCLUSION: In Ci county of a high incidence area of EC, the age definition of high-risk population should be above 45 years.

Living with liver disease in the era of COVID-19-the impact of the epidemic and the threat to high-risk populations

The cardinal symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection as the pandemic began in 2020 were cough,fever,and dyspnea,thus characterizing the virus as a predominantly pulmonary disease.While it is apparent that many patients presenting acutely to the hospital with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection have complaints of respiratory symptoms,other vital organs and systems are also being affected.In fact,almost half of COVID-19 hospitalized patients were found to have evidence of some degree of liver injury.Incidence and severity of liver injury in patients with underlying liver disease were even greater.According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention,from August 1,2020 to May 31,2022 there have been a total of 4745738 COVID-19 hospital admissions.Considering the gravity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the incidence of liver injury in COVID-19 patients,it is imperative that we as clinicians understand the effects of the virus on the liver and conversely,the effect of underlying hepatobiliary conditions on the severity of the viral course itself.In this article,we review the spectrum of novel studies regarding COVID-19 induced liver injury,compiling data on the effects of the virus in various age and high-risk groups,especially those with preexisting liver disease,in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of this disease process.We also provide an update of the impact of the new Omicron variant and the changing nature of COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Large Population Screening Identified the Main Risk Factors of Stroke in Shashi District of Jingzhou City

Objective: This paper aims to screen and analyze the current status of high-risk stroke patients in Shashi District of Jingzhou City and the exposure levels of related risk factors, and provides suggestions as the references for prevention and treatment of stroke. Methods: Using cluster sampling, on-site investigations were conducted on 1060 permanent residents aged 40 years and over at 3 townships and 2 communities in Shashi District of Jingzhou City from January 2018 to December 2018. Risk assessment of stroke is based on the stroke risk screening form. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 22.0 software. Results: After making a stroke risk assessment, a total of 313 high-risk stroke patients were screened, and the detection rate was 29.53%. The exposure rate of risk factors from high to low was hypertension (70.93%), dyslipidemia (46.33%), less physical exercise (46.01%), diabetes (36.10%), overweight (33.55%), smoking (33.23%), family history of stroke (24.92%), atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease (7.35%). There are statistically significant differences among all risk factors between the high-risk group and middle and low-risk groups (P Conclusion: The detection rate of high-risk stroke patients in Shashi District of Jingzhou City is high. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and less physical exercise are the main risk factors of stroke occurrence and recurrence in the region. The prevention and treatment of risk factors for stroke should be strengthened to control the incidence and recurrence rate of stroke.

Serological Prevalence Survey Among the High-Risk Populations of Brucellosis-Endemic Areas-China,2019−2020

What is already known about this topic?Timely screening of high-risk population is important to improve the early detection of brucellosis among the endemic areas during the high incidence seasons,which is also required by the National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan(2016–2020)(NBPCP).What is added by this report?Seroepidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in high-risk populations were obtained and special occupational populations were found.The seroprevalence of brucellosis has been decreasing compared with that reported in the recent years due to the ongoing implementation of control measures in endemic areas.What are the implications for public health practice?Special occupational populations could be promptly detected using routine screening,which makes it possible to initiate standardized treatment for infected patients as early as possible.It also reminds us to pay attention to special occupational populations to improve their knowledge of brucellosis and reduce the risk of infection.

Brucellosis Knowledge and Personal Protective Equipment Usage Among High-Risk Populations in Brucellosis-Endemic Areas-China,2019−2020

What is already known about this topic?According to the National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan(2016–2020)(NBPCP),the awareness rate of high-risk populations in brucellosis-endemic areas should reach 90%by 2020.But the updated results have not been reported.What is added by this report?This report determined the awareness rate of brucellosis(17.74%),utilization of personal protective equipment(PPE)(20.13%),and their relationship with seroprevalence,which provides evidence for the effectiveness of the implementation of NBPCP.What are the implications for public health practice?The results suggest that health education should be conducted for high-risk populations to improve their brucellosis and protection knowledge.

Development and validation of a prediction model for early screening of people at high risk for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a serious threat worldwide.Although early screening is suggested to be the most effective method to prevent and control CRC,the current situation of early screening for CRC is still not optimistic.In China,the incidence of CRC in the Yangtze River Delta region is increasing dramatically,but few studies have been conducted.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a simple and efficient early screening model for CRC.AIM To develop and validate an early-screening nomogram model to identify individuals at high risk of CRC.METHODS Data of 64448 participants obtained from Ningbo Hospital,China between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The cohort comprised 64448 individuals,of which,530 were excluded due to missing or incorrect data.Of 63918,7607(11.9%)individuals were considered to be high risk for CRC,and 56311(88.1%)were not.The participants were randomly allocated to a training set(44743)or validation set(19175).The discriminatory ability,predictive accuracy,and clinical utility of the model were evaluated by constructing and analyzing receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and calibration curves and by decision curve analysis.Finally,the model was validated internally using a bootstrap resampling technique.RESULTS Seven variables,including demographic,lifestyle,and family history information,were examined.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that age[odds ratio(OR):1.03,95%confidence interval(CI):1.02-1.03,P<0.001],body mass index(BMI)(OR:1.07,95%CI:1.06-1.08,P<0.001),waist circumference(WC)(OR:1.03,95%CI:1.02-1.03 P<0.001),lifestyle(OR:0.45,95%CI:0.42-0.48,P<0.001),and family history(OR:4.28,95%CI:4.04-4.54,P<0.001)were the most significant predictors of high-risk CRC.Healthy lifestyle was a protective factor,whereas family history was the most significant risk factor.The area under the curve was 0.734(95%CI:0.723-0.745)for the final validation set ROC curve and 0.735(95%CI:0.728-0.742)for the training set ROC curve.The calibration curve demonstrated a high correlation between the CRC high-risk population predicted by the nomogram model and the actual CRC high-risk population.CONCLUSION The early-screening nomogram model for CRC prediction in high-risk populations developed in this study based on age,BMI,WC,lifestyle,and family history exhibited high accuracy.

2019—2023年天津市静海区布鲁菌病监测分析

目的通过分析2019—2023年天津市静海区布鲁菌病(简称布病)的可疑人群血清,了解静海区布病阳性率及流行特征,有助于相关部门制定相应的防控措施,提高防控水平,保护重点人群的健康。方法利用虎红平板凝集实验(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)检测静海区2019—2023年布病重点人群血清1500份,分析其阳性率和流行特征。结果1500份可疑人群血清中,布病阳性数122份,阳性率8.13%,且呈现逐年上升趋势;男性阳性率10.11%,女性阳性率5.32%,阳性患者男性多于女性,男女比例为2.7∶1;SAT检测的阳性滴度结果,以1∶100最多,占23.77%,1∶200次之,占22.13%,以1∶400第三,占18.03%,5年来,布病阳性抗体滴度维持在一个相对较高的水平。结论对近5年1500份布病可疑人群布病抗体血清检测结果进行分析,布病阳性率持续升高,建议加强对重点人群的宣传教育,加大畜类的检疫执法力度,消灭传染源,切断传播途径,强化主动监测和疫苗接种工作,提高各级医疗机构诊治水平,制定布病诊治优惠政策,医防协同,做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,降低布病阳性率。

焦作市2022年布鲁氏菌病高危人群血清学监测结果分析

目的:分析焦作市2022年布鲁氏菌病(布病)高危人群血清学监测结果。方法:选取2022年1—12月焦作市5384名布病高危人群进行横断面研究,观察其布病血清学检测阳性率,并分析不同性别、年龄、职业、地区、检出时间的阳性率差异。结果:5384名布病高危人群中布病阳性818例,阳性率为15.19%(818/5384);其中男性阳性率为16.74%,女性阳性率为11.90%;51~60岁阳性率最高,为20.39%;阳性率排名前3的职业分别为屠宰工(20.77%)、畜产品加工及贩运(16.03%)、畜牧养殖(14.68%);阳性率排名前5的地区分别是博爱县(17.14%)、孟州县(16.06%)、温县(15.88%)、沁阳县(15.69%)、武陟县(15.25%);阳性率排名前5的月份分别是6月(24.81%)、5月(20.90%)、7月(15.20%)、4月(14.57%)、3月(14.51%)。结论:焦作市2022年布病发病率较高,阳性病例存在性别、年龄、职业、地区、检出时间等差异。

2019—2022年邹平市布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征分析及对策探讨

目的研究邹平市布鲁氏菌病发病情况,为布鲁氏菌病防治工作提供基础资料。方法对邹平市2019—2022年间新发布鲁氏菌病患者进行了流行病学调查,对其流行特点进行分析并探讨防控对策。结果2019—2022年邹平市平均人口数773500人,确诊布鲁氏菌病病例150例。无死亡病例;发病率从1.80/100000升到6.64/100000,从涉及16个镇街8个村到16个镇街67个村,累计涉及116个村,占比11.78%;邹平市布鲁氏菌病的发病季节主要集中在白天平均气温为23.25℃的4—7月;在邹平市,布鲁氏菌病以牛、羊为主,有123例是直接接触;邹平市2019—2022年发现的所有病例均为散发病例,主要集中在邹平市的魏桥镇、西董街道、码头镇、黄山街道、黛溪街道等地区,其中魏桥镇分布最多,有27例(18.00%),23例是通过与绵羊直接接触而感染,4例是通过喝羊奶而感染,2019—2022年未出现过聚集性暴发情况。结论邹平市地区布鲁氏菌病发病率较高,主要发病时间在6月,在确定流行病学特征后实行有效控制,可降低布鲁氏菌病发病率,保证预后效果。

Detection of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis in High-Risk Individuals of Stroke Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm

Objective Asymptomatic carotid stenosis(ACS)is closely associated to the incidence of severe cerebrovascular diseases.Early identifying the individuals with ACS and its associated risk factors could be beneficial for primary prevention of stroke.This study aimed to investigate a machine-learning algorithm for the detection of ACS among high-risk population of stroke based on the associated risk factors.Methods A novel model of machine learning was utilized to screen the associated predictors of ACS based on 30 potential risk factors.The algorithm of this model adopted a random forest pattern based on the training data and then was verified using the testing data.All of the original data were retrieved from the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project(CNSSPP),including demographic,clinical and laboratory characteristics.The individuals with high risk of stroke were enrolled and randomly divided into a training group and a testing group at a ratio of 4:1.The identification of carotid stenosis by carotid artery duplex scans was set as the golden standard.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)was used to evaluate the efficacy of the model in detecting ACS.Results Of 2841 high risk individual of stroke enrolled,326(11.6%)were diagnosed as ACS by ultrasonography.The top five risk fectors contributing to ACS in this model were identified as family history of dyslipidemia,high level of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c),low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c),aging,and low body.

综合干预措施对布鲁氏菌病重点人群认知与态度影响的研究

目的了解阜阳市农村地区牛羊养殖户对布病的认知和态度,探索并建立适合阜阳市布病重点人群的综合干预模式。方法设置干预组和对照组,通过对对照组采取布病防护包、健康教育讲座、健康宣传员宣教、布病防控知识宣传等干预措施,比较干预组与对照组的布病知识知晓率和态度情况和干预组在干预前、后布病知识知晓率和态度情况,评价综合干预措施效果。结果认知方面,干预后干预组有显著改变(t=-11.70,P<0.01),对照组也有显著变化(t=-8.69,P<0.01),干预组较对照组提升明显(t=5.56,P<0.01);态度方面,干预后干预组有显著改变(t=-5.17,P<0.01),对照组也有显著变化(t=-6.41,P<0.01),干预组与对照组提升无明显差异(t=1.23,P>0.01)。结论综合干预措施使布病重点人群对布病防控知识有了进一步认识,态度有了一定的改变。

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in high-risk occupational population:a randomized,parallel,controlled clinical trial

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a substantial burden on health-care systems around the world. This is a randomized parallel controlled trial for assessment of the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, aiming to determine an appropriate vaccination interval of the vaccine for high-risk occupational population.Methods: In an ongoing randomized, parallel, controlled phase IV trial between January and May 2021 in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China, we randomly assigned the airport ground staff and public security officers aged 18 to 59 years to receive two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at 14 days, 21 days, or 28 days. The serum neutralizing antibody to live SARS-CoV-2 was performed at baseline and 28 days after immunization. Long-term data are being collected. The primary immunogenicity endpoints were neutralization antibody seroconversion and geometric mean titer (GMT) at 28 days after the second dose. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results: A total of 809 participants underwent randomization and received two doses of injections: 270, 270, 269 in the 0-14, 0-21, and 0-28 vaccination group, respectively. By day 28 after the second injection, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody of GMT was 98.4 (95%CI: 88.4-108.4) in the 0-14 group, which was significantly lower compared with 134.4 (95%CI: 123.1-145.7) in the 0-21 group (P < 0.001 vs 0-14 group) and 145.5 (95%CI: 131.3-159.6) in the 0-28 group (P < 0.001 vs 0-14 group), resulting in the seroconversion rates to neutralizing antibodies (GMT ≥ 16) of 100.0% for all three groups, respectively. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis yielded similar results. All reported adverse reactions were mild.Conclusions: Both a two-dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at 0-21 days and 0-28 days regimens significantly improved SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody level compared to the 0-14 days regimen in high-risk occupational population, with seroconversion rates of 100.0%.

天津市布鲁氏菌病高发区高危人群“知信行”调查

为了解天津市布鲁氏菌病高发区高危人群的布鲁氏菌病防控知识、态度和行为水平及其相关影响因素,以便为下一步宣传干预工作提供参考,基于问卷调查和电话回访的横断面调查研究,对天津市4个布鲁氏菌病高发区牛羊养殖户、基层兽医人员进行抽样调查,然后调查数据录入Excel,使用SPSS软件进行统计分析,查找影响布鲁氏菌病"知信行"水平的因素。结果显示:高危人群的布鲁氏菌病平均知晓率为44.93%,大部分高危人群对布鲁氏菌病防控态度积极,部分基层兽医人员和养殖户对布鲁氏菌病防控存在不良行为和不良防护习惯;单因素Logistic回归分析可见,布鲁氏菌病高危人群的"知信行"水平与职业、性别、学历、工作年限有关(P <0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,牛羊养殖户、工作年限小于10年的高危人群"知信行"水平较低(P<0.05),模型拟合度较好(P> 0.05),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.732(95%CI:0.673～0.791)。结果表明,牛羊养殖户、工作年限小于10年的高危人群,其布鲁氏菌病"知信行"水平有待提高,需要在未来宣传干预中,提高培训的针对性、实用性、专业性,拓展渠道,注重效果。

2013-2015年北京市布鲁氏菌病流行特征及调查结果分析

目的 了解北京市布鲁氏菌病（简称布病）病例流行病学特征、病例感染来源及高危职业人群布病感染状况。方法 对2013-2015年北京市报告布病病例进行流行病学调查,对高危职业人群布病抗体阳性率进行血清学监测,采用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分析。组间率比较,采用卡方检验的方法进行。结果 2013-2015年北京市累计报告布病病例510例,报告病例数及发病率逐年上升;报告病例男性多于女性,40~69岁年龄组人群发病率较高;病例职业以农民为主,感染主要来源为饲养羊。高危职业人群血清学监测结果显示,2013-2015年北京市布病高危职业人群血清学抗体阳性率2.22%,阳性率呈现逐年上升趋势（χ^2=5.73,P=0.02）。男性抗体阳性率高于女性（χ^2=10.25,P〈0.01）。结论 北京市布病发病呈现逐年上升趋势,应在重点地区对羊养殖人员、兽医、皮毛及乳肉加工等职业人群中加强健康教育及疾病监测。

2016—2017年苏州市主城区一起人间布病暴发疫情流行病学调查

目的了解2016—2017年苏州市主城区一起人间布病高度散发疫情可能的感染来源及危险因素,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法按病例和对照1∶4配比开展病例对照研究,入户开展流行病学调查,收集基本情况、临床表现、可疑暴露史,对确诊病例血培养物进行分离纯化,菌株进行多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析。结果调查到的33例病例中,与羊肉相关的暴露比例最高为97%,暴露方式主要为使用和直接接触,暴露地点主要在葑门横街市场。食用羊肉、直接接触生羊肉、去过售卖羊肉的市场和去过葑门横街均是危险因素。经多位点串联重复序列分析,收集到的17株菌可分为5个基因型,但病原菌间亲缘关系较近。结论苏州市主城区疫情源头可能为外地输入苏州的布鲁氏病羊于苏州城区宰杀或直接输入带菌羊肉,葑门横街市场售卖的羊肉是可能的传染源之一。在本次疫情中,非职业人群感染布鲁氏菌的主要途径是食用和直接接触带菌羊肉,近距离吸入带菌生羊肉产生的气溶胶可能也是该次疫情的感染途径。

2007年—2020年宁夏职业人群布鲁氏菌病监测结果分析

目的掌握宁夏职业人群布鲁氏菌病(布病)流行特征,为科学开展防治提供依据。方法随机抽样调查牛羊屠宰人员、养殖户等职业人群患布鲁氏菌病情况,采用描述流行病学方法分析职业人群发病特征,对确诊患者血样进行病原学鉴定。结果2007年—2020年宁夏累计对215723名职业人群开展了布鲁氏菌病筛查,共确诊11964例(5.55%)布鲁氏菌病患者,2015年达最高,为1810例(15.82%);试管凝集实验阳性中(SAT)1∶400阳性占比最高,为3082例(25.76%);同心县2012年为138例(45.70%),2013年为301例(42.63%);海原县2014年341例(50.0%),盐池县2015年271例(38.11%)。2016至2020年西夏区、利通区等地区成为新的高感染地区,高职业分布以男性(7976例,发病率6.50%)为主(χ^(2)=495.92,P<0.05),40~岁年龄组(1536例,发病率7.56%)居多(χ_(趋势)^(2)=281.21,P<0.05),屠宰人员597例(发病率9.78%),为最高;共培养1241份血样,分离出布鲁氏杆菌285株,检出率22.97%,其中羊种Ⅲ型280例(98.25%)。结论宁夏职业人群布鲁氏菌病发病率依然很高,且具有明显的地区、人群分布特征,流行的优势菌株为羊种Ⅲ型。结果提示今后应加强重点地区、重点人群的监测与健康教育工作,并大力实施对羊只的免疫接种。

北京市平谷区65例布鲁氏菌病患者临床特征分析

目的通过对北京市平谷区65例布鲁氏菌病患者流行病学调查,了解本区布鲁氏菌病疫情动态及患者临床特征,为疫情防控提供参考依据。方法选取2015年1月—2019年12月北京市平谷区医院收治的65例布鲁氏菌病患者作为研究对象,对发病时间、发病区域、年龄与性别构成、初步诊断、临床表现、病原学检查及诊治等情况进行统计与分析。结果患者年龄主要集中在18~59岁,性别比为4.42∶1;以畜牧饲养者居多,约占64.62%,有明确动物或动物制品接触史63例,占96.92%,均为散发,无明显聚集性;全年中以4—6月发病率最高,占发病总数的53.85%;临床症状以发热(52例,80.00%)、乏力(34例,52.31%)、腰痛(26例,40.00%)为主;其中并发症发生率为47.69%,排名较高的前3位分别是脊柱炎、关节炎、腰椎病变。65例患者首诊确诊49例,误诊16例,误诊率为24.62%。病原学检查结果显示,试管凝集试验阳性35例,虎红平板凝集试验阳性30例。结论布鲁氏菌病高发季节为4—6月,男性患病率明显高于女性,且从事畜牧业及相关产业人员为主要发病人群,以散发为主;布鲁氏菌病首诊误诊率较高,临床医师应提高对该传染病的关注,不断加强疫情防控。

2012年某市布氏杆菌病疫情分析及职业暴露人群的知晓率调查研究

目的了解本市布氏杆菌病的三间分布及其在本市的可能传播途径，针对职业暴露人群的布病防护知识进行知晓率调查，为该病的防控提供参考意见。方法针对该市疫情，结合自行设计调查问卷进行分析。结果在2012年本市新发的14例病例中，男性多于女性，且发病病例集中在20～65岁的青壮年；发病人群均有病畜或其奶、肉等制品的接触史，该地区职业暴露人群的布病防护知识平均正确率仅为45％。结论直接接触患病动物和肠道传播是该市布病传播的主要传播途径，职业暴露人群的自我防护意识淡薄，医务工作者的职业能力有待提高。