基于3D-SLDV和高速3D-DIC的离心轮模态分析

全场振型对于研究发动机结构动特性至关重要,介绍了基于3D-SLDV和高速3D-DIC两种全场振动测试方法的测试原理。以液体火箭发动机离心轮为例,分别采用两种技术获得了5 kHz内离心轮的固有频率和振型,对比分析了两种测试方法的优缺点,结果表明:3D-SLDV技术比3D-DIC技术具有更低的位移本底噪声,对高频振型辨识更有利,但该方法属于逐点扫描测试,测试时间长;3D-DIC技术全场数据同时采集,采集时间短,具有更精细的振型,但图像的数据量大,数据传输和分析时间长,同时这种基于位移的测试方法存在本底噪声限制。

A novel method for virtual clearance computation of high-speed train based on model integration and convex hull

The 3D clearance of a high-speed train(HST) is critical to ensure the safety of railway transportation. Many studies have been conducted on the inspection of the clearance profile in railway operation based on the vision system, but few researchers have focused on the computation of the 3D clearance in the design phase of an HST. This paper summarizes the virtual 3D clearance computation of an HST based on model integration and the convex hull method. First, both the aerodynamic and kinetic analysis models of the HST are constructed. The two models are then integrated according to the corresponding relationship map, and an array of transformation matrixes of the HST is created to drive the designed model simulating the physical railway motion. Furthermore, the convex hull method is adopted to compute the 3D envelope of the moving train. Finally, the Hausdorff metric is involved in the measurement of the minimum clearance model and the 3D envelope model. In addition, the color map of the Hausdorff distance is established to verify that the designed shape of the HST meets the national standards. This paper provides an effective method to accurately calculate the 3D clearance for the shape design of an HST, which greatly reduces the development cost by minimizing the physical prototype that must be built.

爆炸聚能作用下混凝土试件劈裂的高速3D DIC实验

为探寻非钻孔条件下露天爆破大块二次破碎形态的控制方法,应用线性聚能射流对圆柱混凝土模型试件进行侵彻实验,使用High-speed 3DDIC(高速三维数字图像相关方法)方法分析试件劈裂发展过程的全场三维形变特征。研究结果表明,数据分析区内劈裂裂纹扩展速度在4个区间内呈阶梯式变化趋势,峰值速度为235.52m/s,平均速度为140.89m/s;线性聚能射流侵彻对劈裂裂纹扩展有明显导向作用,应力集中作用使得劈裂裂纹围绕线性射流侵彻对称轴扩展,扩展方向变化幅度较小;在劈裂裂纹扩展速度突变的3个时刻,劈裂裂纹路径产生了3处明显拐点,在拐点处伴随有支裂纹的产生,支裂纹的扩展距离均未超过5cm;主应变集中带形状及分布位置决定了裂纹扩展路径及趋势,拉应变集中先于裂纹出现,试件呈现准静态劈裂形态,劈裂面平整度较高。

高速3D-DIC测试技术在装甲钢贯穿试验中的应用

数字图像相关(digital image correlation,DIC)技术作为一种非接触、非干涉的全场无损光学量测技术,可获取材料表面的动态变形信息和破坏过程。为了评估装甲钢的抗弹性能并探索高速三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)技术在钢板贯穿试验测试中的应用,基于氢氧爆轰驱动弹道枪开展了7发15 mm口径可变形弹体以不同速度(255~568 m/s)冲击不同厚度(5、8和10 mm)高强高硬装甲钢板的试验,并结合帧率为144000 s^(−1)的高速3D-DIC测试技术获取了靶板的离面位移和应变时程。随后,基于前期标定并验证的装甲钢本构模型参数,对上述试验进行了数值模拟。通过对比弹体残余速度和长度验证了有限元分析方法的可靠性。进一步通过对比试验与数值模拟得到的靶背离面位移时程曲线和不同时刻靶背的应变云图,验证了高速3D-DIC测试结果的准确性。最后,对比分析了靶板最大离面位移与弹体冲击速度和装甲钢板厚度的关系。高速3D-DIC测试技术的应用可为相关试验测试提供参考,靶板最大离面位移分析结果可为屏障类防护结构的分析验证和优化设计提供试验依据。

基于高速3D-DIC技术的砂岩动力特性粒径效应研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB),对粗砂岩、中等粒径砂岩和细砂岩进行了应变率为69~83 s–1的动态单轴抗压实验,研究了粒径尺寸效应对砂岩动力特性的影响。通过三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)技术分析高速摄像图像,获得了砂岩的实时应变场,据此分析了动态荷载下3种粒径砂岩的动力变形特性和裂纹开展行为。结果表明,砂岩弹性应变储能可逆释放的临界应变率随着粒径的减小而升高,动态压缩强度随着粒径减小而增大,动态强度应变率敏感度则与强度规律相反。相较于静态条件下,中等粒径砂岩和细砂岩的动态弹性模量增长了2~3倍,粗砂岩的动态弹性模量增长达5倍以上。细砂岩的动态泊松比相较于静态提高了约25%,中等粒径砂岩的动态泊松比约为静态时的70%。动态裂纹首先出现于试件内部,然后传播至表面,呈现出应变局部化,动态荷载下岩石裂纹的孕育和扩展相比静态条件下均有所提前,其中细砂岩在动态荷载条件下的归一化裂纹起裂阈值仅为峰值强度的10%。微观分析表明,矿物粒径大小和黏土矿物含量分别在砂岩的动力力学性质和裂纹开展行为方面发挥主要作用。

3D particle tracking velocimetry for the determination of temporally resolved particle trajectories within laser powder bed fusion of metals

Within this work,we present a system for the measurement of the three-dimensional(3D)trajectories of spatters and entrained particles during laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)of metals.It is comprised of two ultrahigh-speed cameras and a reconstruction task specific processing reconstruction algorithm.The system enables an automated determination of 3D measures from the trajectories of a large number of tracked particles.Ambiguity evolving from an underdetermined geometrical situation induced by a two-camera setup is resolved within the tracking using a priori knowledge of L-PBF of metals.All processing steps were optimized to run on a graphics processing unit to allow the processing of large amounts of data within an appropriate time frame.The overall approach was validated by a comparison of the measurement results to synthetic images with a known 3D ground truth.

Template-based knowledge reuse method for generating high-speed railway virtual construction scenes

Virtual construction has become an important approach to the high-quality development of high-speed railways,but existing methods have problems such as low efficiency in generating virtual construction scenes and the inability to reuse construction knowledge.To support the rapid visual representation of multiple types of construction processes and construction methods,a template-based knowledge reuse method is proposed.The method includes using a component-based modeling mode to build body structure models of a high-speed railway project and generate a 3D scene;decomposing the construction process and building a construction process knowledge base;establishing joint linkage models of construction machinery and forming a construction method knowledge template;and fusing multiple types of information according to a time sequence to visualize the construction process.Based on the template-based knowledge reuse method,a prototype system was developed,and virtual construction experiments were carried out.The results show that this method achieves the reuse of construction knowledge at different levels including construction machinery level,construction method level,and work site level.Compared with animation software for virtual construction,this method improves the production efficiency by 87%.Moreover,this method can provide a multilevel knowledge reuse scheme for diversified virtual construction.

Serum-induced degradation of 3D DNA box origami observed with high-speed atomic force microscopy

3D DNA origami holds tremendous potential for the encapsulation and selective release of therapeutic drugs. Observations of the real-time performance of these structures in physiological environments will contribute to the development of future applications. We investigated the degradation kinetics of 3D DNA box origami in serum by using high-speed atomic force microscope optimized for imaging 3D DNA origami in real time. The time resolution allowed to characterize the stages of serum effects on individual 3D DNA boxes origami with nanometer resolution. Our results indicate that the digestion process is a combination of rapid collapse and slow degradation phases. Damage to box origami occurs mainly in the collapse phase. Thus, the structural stability of 3D DNA box origami should be improved, especially in the collapse phase, before these structures are used in clinical applications.

High-speed 3D imaging based on structured illumination and electrically tunable lens

In this Letter, we present a high-speed volumetric imaging system based on structured illumination and an electrically tunable lens（ETL）, where the ETL performs fast axial scanning at hundreds of Hz. In the system,a digital micro-mirror device（DMD） is utilized to rapidly generate structured images at the focal plane in synchronization with the axial scanning unit. The scanning characteristics of the ETL are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Imaging experiments on pollen samples are performed to verify the optical cross-sectioning and fast axial scanning capabilities. The results show that our system can perform fast axial scanning and threedimensional（3D） imaging when paired with a high-speed camera, presenting an economic solution for advanced biological imaging applications.

High-speed three-dimensional shape measurement with inner shifting-phase fringe projection profilometry

Fringe projection profilometry(FPP)has been extensively studied in the field of three-dimensional(3D)measurement.Although FPP always uses high-frequency fringes to ensure high measurement accuracy,too many patterns are projected to unwrap the phase,which affects the speed of 3D reconstruction.We propose a high-speed 3D shape measurement method using only three high-frequency inner shifting-phase patterns(70 periods),which satisfies both high precision and high measuring speed requirements.Besides,our proposed method obtains the wrapped phase and the fringe order simultaneously without any other information and constraints.The proposed method has successfully reconstructed moving objects with high speed at the camera's full frame rate(1700 frames per second).

Review of Some Advances and Applications in Real-time High-speed Vision: Our Views and Experiences

The frame rate of conventional vision systems is restricted to the video signal formats （e.g., NTSC 30 fps and PAL 25 fps） that are designed on the basis of the characteristics of the human eye, which implies that the processing speed of these systems is limited to the recognition speed of the human eye. However, there is a strong demand for real-time high-speed vision sensors in many application fields, such as factory automation, biomedicine, and robotics, where high-speed operations are carried out. These high-speed operations can be tracked and inspected by using high-speed vision systems with intelligent sensors that work at hundreds of Hertz or more, especially when the operation is difficult to observe with the human eye. This paper reviews advances in developing real-time high Speed vision systems and their applications in various fields, such as intelligent logging systems, vibration dynamics sensing, vision-based mechanical control, three-dimensional measurement/automated visual inspection, vision-based human interface, and biomedical applications.

柔性天线阵面形变的实时测量技术

柔性天线阵面不仅能提高通信系统的性能,而且还能扩充其功能,所以在通信领域的应用越来越广泛。安装在飞艇之上的柔性天线阵面实时监测技术可实现天线关键性能指标的实时补偿,确保天线的高精度目标探测能力。也正因如此,柔性天线阵面的形变监测技术水平高,工程化难度大。目前,制造和服役过程中的不确定性随机因素难以评估,和产品实际运行状态有所差异导致形变监测精度难以保证,这是天线形变监测系统的问题和难点之一。针对柔性天线阵面形变实时监测,通过光纤光栅传感器获取阵面被测点应变值和DIC-3D获取被测点位移值后,使用模糊神经网络构建应变物理量和位移物理量的非线性映射关系,在数据整理分析的基础上,通过试验和仿真的方法,固化神经网络模型。结果表明,所用神经网络能够达到较好的效果。