This paper explores the conversion of raw seawater into drinking water from a religious water literacy (RWL) perspective. RWL is here defined as a socially just water literacy that is based on the respect for the dign...This paper explores the conversion of raw seawater into drinking water from a religious water literacy (RWL) perspective. RWL is here defined as a socially just water literacy that is based on the respect for the dignity of life of all living beings on the Earth. It discusses the importance of sustainable water sources and proposes purification methods. That is, the study aims to show a brief outline of the drinking water source (inland waters;mainly river water) and their purification technologies in recent times and today and propose the purification method (Freezing-Thawing-UV method) in case of taking the seawater as the source. And, it emphasizes the need for dialogue and cooperation between countries in order to proceed. The paper also discusses the relationship among religion, culture, and civilization, and highlights the similarities between Marx’s historical materialism and Umesao’s ecological view. It further discusses the importance of water purification technology, separation methods, and the potential for seawater as an energy source. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of dialogue, communication and understanding environmental decision-making. In order to carry them forward, it is convinced that citizens in the world are nothing but people with self-awareness of “Bodhisattvas of the Earth” as identities. As a result, the new findings that suggest the possibility of raw seawater into drinking water from a religious water literacy perspective through the lens of Kawakatsu’s maritime view have been obtained.展开更多
Rich oxygen-biological activated carbon(RO-BAC)method developed from traditional BAC method is a sys-tem in which high pressure is applied to improve the oxy-gen concentration of the influent.Experiment withwastewater...Rich oxygen-biological activated carbon(RO-BAC)method developed from traditional BAC method is a sys-tem in which high pressure is applied to improve the oxy-gen concentration of the influent.Experiment withwastewater and the slightly deteriorated raw water showsthe system is an effective option for advanced treatmentof industry wastewater and pretreatment of slightly dete-riorated raw water.The experiment results and the in-fluential factors are discussed in this paper.展开更多
[ Objective] To investigate the effects of different water amount on freezing point of raw milk. EMetbodl The freezing point of raw milk added water at different proportions was detected by SWC-LG freezing point detec...[ Objective] To investigate the effects of different water amount on freezing point of raw milk. EMetbodl The freezing point of raw milk added water at different proportions was detected by SWC-LG freezing point detector. The linear regression equation was obtained. The reproduc- ibility was checked. The water content in raw milk was calculated according to the standard regression curve. E Result~ When the water content changed from 0 to 10%, the freezing point of raw milk increased linearly. As evidenced by the reproducibility test, the standard deviation and rela- tive standard deviation were less than 1%. The milk concentration obtained by detecting the freezing point of blind milk samples had an absolute er- ror of no more than 0.5%, compared with actual watering milk concentration. [ ConcluMonl Water content in raw milk can be determined by measur- ing freezing point, and this method is reliable and reproducible.展开更多
In order to investigate the feasibility of pretreating the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland, an experiment was conducted using a surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed. T...In order to investigate the feasibility of pretreating the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland, an experiment was conducted using a surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed. The contamination removal efficiency and their trends in the wetland treatment system were studied under different hydraulic loading rates(HLR). The contamination removal efficiencies were compared according to the seasonal change under optimum HLR. The result shows that in the same season, under different hydraulic loadings ranging from 2 to 6 m3/(m2·d) at the same period, the best HLR is 4 m3/(m2·d) in the experimental system. The average removal rates of COD, TN, ammoniacal nitrogen(NH4+-N), and TP in the constructed wetland are 38.37%, 45.97%, 39.86% and 41.69%, respectively. According to China Standard for Surface Water Resources (GB3838-2002), mean effluent of COD, TN, NH4+-N and TP can nearly reach Grade Ⅲ, GradeⅤ, GradeⅠand GradeⅠ, respectively. Furthermore, treatment efficiency of the system in summer is obvious higher than that in other seasons. The expenditure of constructing the constructed wetland with the average treating capacity of 176 m3/d and lifetime of 20 years is 17075.00 RMB. The average disposal cost is summed up to 0.17 RMB/m3, which shows that the pretreatment of the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland is feasible.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the main factors affecting the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Methods]Drinking water,medicated baths and raw milk under different storage and transportation condi...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the main factors affecting the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Methods]Drinking water,medicated baths and raw milk under different storage and transportation conditions were detected for the values of aerobial plate count to analyze their effects on the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Results]Disinfection of drinking water tanks could significantly reduce the aerobial plate count in water.The use of medicated baths before and after milking could effectively reduce the aerobial plate count and had a significant bactericidal effect.The growth of microorganisms in raw milk stored below 4℃was relatively slow.Regularly disinfecting drinking water tanks and disinfecting nipples before and after milking could reduce the aerobial plate count in the tanks and nipples.After raw milk was extruded,the temperature should decrease to 0-4℃within 2 h,and the storage time should not exceed 48 h,which could effectively control the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for scientific control of the aerobial plate count in raw milk.展开更多
水厂排泥水处理过程中会产生较大量的污泥脱水液。为避免南水北调引江水资源的浪费,同时积极推进水厂的“零排放”建设目标,面向以引江水为水源的超滤处理工艺,评价了将污泥脱水液回流至原水池进行稀释回用的可行性。考察了不同污泥脱水...水厂排泥水处理过程中会产生较大量的污泥脱水液。为避免南水北调引江水资源的浪费,同时积极推进水厂的“零排放”建设目标,面向以引江水为水源的超滤处理工艺,评价了将污泥脱水液回流至原水池进行稀释回用的可行性。考察了不同污泥脱水液/引江原水混合比例下超滤系统的运行特性,发现当污泥脱水液适当稀释后,其对超滤净水效果和膜污染的影响急剧降低,当稀释比例达到1∶800时,出水水质与跨膜压增长曲线已接近引江原水直接超滤的情况。试验中引江原水的跨膜压增长速率为19.7 k Pa/d,而污泥脱水液原液则达到25.8 k Pa/d。当两者以1∶800比例稀释后,跨膜压增长速率下降为21.3 k Pa/d,接近于引江原水。膜表面微观表征结果显示随着稀释比例的提高,滤饼层厚度、溶解性有机物、特征官能团红外峰强、污染元素相对质量分数均显著降低,逐渐下降到与原水直接超滤相近的水平。引江原水组的超滤膜滤饼层厚度为1.77μm,而污泥脱水液原液组的滤饼层厚度为4.00μm,污染程度较重。两者按1∶800比例稀释后的滤饼层厚度降低至1.82μm,污染程度显著降低。研究结果可为南水北调受水城市超滤水厂的“零排放”建设提供参考。但值得注意的是,污泥脱水液的合理处置与利用问题目前仍处于起步和探索阶段,未来仍需从水质生物安全性和化学安全性的角度加以系统评估。同时可考虑氧化、吸附、微滤分离等预处理手段,以提高污泥脱水液回用过程的安全性。展开更多
文摘This paper explores the conversion of raw seawater into drinking water from a religious water literacy (RWL) perspective. RWL is here defined as a socially just water literacy that is based on the respect for the dignity of life of all living beings on the Earth. It discusses the importance of sustainable water sources and proposes purification methods. That is, the study aims to show a brief outline of the drinking water source (inland waters;mainly river water) and their purification technologies in recent times and today and propose the purification method (Freezing-Thawing-UV method) in case of taking the seawater as the source. And, it emphasizes the need for dialogue and cooperation between countries in order to proceed. The paper also discusses the relationship among religion, culture, and civilization, and highlights the similarities between Marx’s historical materialism and Umesao’s ecological view. It further discusses the importance of water purification technology, separation methods, and the potential for seawater as an energy source. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of dialogue, communication and understanding environmental decision-making. In order to carry them forward, it is convinced that citizens in the world are nothing but people with self-awareness of “Bodhisattvas of the Earth” as identities. As a result, the new findings that suggest the possibility of raw seawater into drinking water from a religious water literacy perspective through the lens of Kawakatsu’s maritime view have been obtained.
文摘Rich oxygen-biological activated carbon(RO-BAC)method developed from traditional BAC method is a sys-tem in which high pressure is applied to improve the oxy-gen concentration of the influent.Experiment withwastewater and the slightly deteriorated raw water showsthe system is an effective option for advanced treatmentof industry wastewater and pretreatment of slightly dete-riorated raw water.The experiment results and the in-fluential factors are discussed in this paper.
基金supported by the grants from the Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department ( 08ZC011)
文摘[ Objective] To investigate the effects of different water amount on freezing point of raw milk. EMetbodl The freezing point of raw milk added water at different proportions was detected by SWC-LG freezing point detector. The linear regression equation was obtained. The reproduc- ibility was checked. The water content in raw milk was calculated according to the standard regression curve. E Result~ When the water content changed from 0 to 10%, the freezing point of raw milk increased linearly. As evidenced by the reproducibility test, the standard deviation and rela- tive standard deviation were less than 1%. The milk concentration obtained by detecting the freezing point of blind milk samples had an absolute er- ror of no more than 0.5%, compared with actual watering milk concentration. [ ConcluMonl Water content in raw milk can be determined by measur- ing freezing point, and this method is reliable and reproducible.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(Grant No.2006AA06Z303).
文摘In order to investigate the feasibility of pretreating the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland, an experiment was conducted using a surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed. The contamination removal efficiency and their trends in the wetland treatment system were studied under different hydraulic loading rates(HLR). The contamination removal efficiencies were compared according to the seasonal change under optimum HLR. The result shows that in the same season, under different hydraulic loadings ranging from 2 to 6 m3/(m2·d) at the same period, the best HLR is 4 m3/(m2·d) in the experimental system. The average removal rates of COD, TN, ammoniacal nitrogen(NH4+-N), and TP in the constructed wetland are 38.37%, 45.97%, 39.86% and 41.69%, respectively. According to China Standard for Surface Water Resources (GB3838-2002), mean effluent of COD, TN, NH4+-N and TP can nearly reach Grade Ⅲ, GradeⅤ, GradeⅠand GradeⅠ, respectively. Furthermore, treatment efficiency of the system in summer is obvious higher than that in other seasons. The expenditure of constructing the constructed wetland with the average treating capacity of 176 m3/d and lifetime of 20 years is 17075.00 RMB. The average disposal cost is summed up to 0.17 RMB/m3, which shows that the pretreatment of the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland is feasible.
基金Supported by Hebei Province Phase III Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Cow Innovation Team Building ProjectThe Fourth Batch of High-end Talent Project in Hebei ProvinceHebei Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents(21130243A).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the main factors affecting the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Methods]Drinking water,medicated baths and raw milk under different storage and transportation conditions were detected for the values of aerobial plate count to analyze their effects on the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Results]Disinfection of drinking water tanks could significantly reduce the aerobial plate count in water.The use of medicated baths before and after milking could effectively reduce the aerobial plate count and had a significant bactericidal effect.The growth of microorganisms in raw milk stored below 4℃was relatively slow.Regularly disinfecting drinking water tanks and disinfecting nipples before and after milking could reduce the aerobial plate count in the tanks and nipples.After raw milk was extruded,the temperature should decrease to 0-4℃within 2 h,and the storage time should not exceed 48 h,which could effectively control the aerobial plate count in raw milk.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for scientific control of the aerobial plate count in raw milk.
文摘水厂排泥水处理过程中会产生较大量的污泥脱水液。为避免南水北调引江水资源的浪费,同时积极推进水厂的“零排放”建设目标,面向以引江水为水源的超滤处理工艺,评价了将污泥脱水液回流至原水池进行稀释回用的可行性。考察了不同污泥脱水液/引江原水混合比例下超滤系统的运行特性,发现当污泥脱水液适当稀释后,其对超滤净水效果和膜污染的影响急剧降低,当稀释比例达到1∶800时,出水水质与跨膜压增长曲线已接近引江原水直接超滤的情况。试验中引江原水的跨膜压增长速率为19.7 k Pa/d,而污泥脱水液原液则达到25.8 k Pa/d。当两者以1∶800比例稀释后,跨膜压增长速率下降为21.3 k Pa/d,接近于引江原水。膜表面微观表征结果显示随着稀释比例的提高,滤饼层厚度、溶解性有机物、特征官能团红外峰强、污染元素相对质量分数均显著降低,逐渐下降到与原水直接超滤相近的水平。引江原水组的超滤膜滤饼层厚度为1.77μm,而污泥脱水液原液组的滤饼层厚度为4.00μm,污染程度较重。两者按1∶800比例稀释后的滤饼层厚度降低至1.82μm,污染程度显著降低。研究结果可为南水北调受水城市超滤水厂的“零排放”建设提供参考。但值得注意的是,污泥脱水液的合理处置与利用问题目前仍处于起步和探索阶段,未来仍需从水质生物安全性和化学安全性的角度加以系统评估。同时可考虑氧化、吸附、微滤分离等预处理手段,以提高污泥脱水液回用过程的安全性。
