基于改进Hilbert-Huang变换的管路环向裂纹故障诊断研究

在制造、加工、装配以及服役过程中,航空液压管路可能存在平面型缺陷。在适航载荷作用下,这些缺陷会萌生裂纹并发生扩展,最终导致管路破裂和油液泄漏。为了在管路产生微裂纹时对其进行故障诊断,采用了自行搭建的航空液压管路模态试验平台和测控系统,对存在环向裂纹航空液压管路的振动信号进行了采集和预处理。而在对管路振动信号进行分解时,由于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)算法存在模态混叠问题难以获得准确的本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Functions,IMF)。为提高信号处理精度,提出一种基于自适应噪声完备经验模态分解(Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise,CEEMDAN)和Hilbert变换理论相结合的改进Hilbert-Huang变换方法对航空液压管路环向裂纹进行故障诊断。研究结果表明,该方法能够更准确地诊断航空液压管路的环向裂纹故障。

基于Hilbert-Huang Transform的心音信号谱分析

心音信号是一种典型的非平稳信号 ,传统信号处理方法的应用受到很大限制。针对此本文提出了基于Hilbert-HuangTransform(HHT)的心音信号的分析方法 ,对冠心病患者的心音信号进行了分析。通过把心音信号分解为内蕴模式函数 ,利用Hilbert变换建立了心音信号的时间 -频率 -能量三维Hilbert谱分布以及边界谱分布 ;Hilbert谱及其边界谱在时域以及频域以较高的分辨率表征了心音信号的时频变化特性 ,揭示了冠心病患者心音信号的病理特征 ;为冠心病的早期无损诊断奠定了坚实基础 ,临床实践中有较大的指导价值。

Practical implementation of Hilbert-Huang Transform algorithm

Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is a newly developed powerful method for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. The empirical mode decomposition is the key part of HHT, while its algorithm was protected by NASA as a US patent, which limits the wide application among the scientific community. Two approaches, mirror periodic and extrema extending methods, have been developed for handling the end effects of empirical mode decomposition. The implementation of the HHT is realized in detail to widen the application. The detailed comparison of the results from two methods with that from Huang et al. (1998, 1999), and the comparison between two methods are presented. Generally, both methods reproduce faithful results as those of Huang et al. For mirror periodic method (MPM), the data are extended once forever. Ideally, it is a way for handling the end effects of the HHT, especially for the signal that has symmetric waveform. The extrema extending method (EEM) behaves as good as MPM, and it is better than MPM for the signal that has strong asymmetric waveform. However, it has to perform extrema envelope extending in every shifting process.

Structural modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis based on Hilbert-Huang transform

Traditional modal parameter identifi cation methods have many disadvantages,especially when used for processing nonlinear and non-stationary signals.In addition,they are usually not able to accurately identify the damping ratio and damage.In this study,methods based on the Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) are investigated for structural modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis.First,mirror extension and prediction via a radial basis function(RBF) neural network are used to restrain the troublesome end-effect issue in empirical mode decomposition(EMD),which is a crucial part of HHT.Then,the approaches based on HHT combined with other techniques,such as the random decrement technique(RDT),natural excitation technique(NExT) and stochastic subspace identifi cation(SSI),are proposed to identify modal parameters of structures.Furthermore,a damage diagnosis method based on the HHT is also proposed.Time-varying instantaneous frequency and instantaneous energy are used to identify the damage evolution of the structure.The relative amplitude of the Hilbert marginal spectrum is used to identify the damage location of the structure.Finally,acceleration records at gauge points from shaking table testing of a 12-story reinforced concrete frame model are taken to validate the proposed approaches.The results show that the proposed approaches based on HHT for modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis are reliable and practical.

A technique to improve the empirical mode decomposition in the Hilbert-Huang transform

The Hilbert-based time-frequency analysis has promising capacity to reveal the time-variant behaviors of a sys- tem.To admit well-behaved Hilbert transforms,component decomposition of signals must be performed beforehand.This was first systematically implemented by the empirical mode decomposition(EMD)in the Hilbert-Huang transform,which can provide a time-frequency representation of the signals.The EMD,however,has limitations in distinguishing different components in narrowband signals commonly found in free-decay vibration signals.In this study,a technique for decompo- sing components in narrowband signals based on waves' beating phenomena is proposed to improve the EMD,in which the time scale structure of the signal is unveiled by the Hilbert transform as a result of wave beating,the order of component ex- traction is reversed from that in the EMD and the end effect is confined.The proposed technique is verified by performing the component decomposition of a simulated signal and a free decay signal actually measured in an instrumented bridge structure.In addition,the adaptability of the technique to time-variant dynamic systems is demonstrated with a simulated time-variant MDOF system.

Optimization of the End Effect of Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT)

In fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, Hil- bert-Huang transform （HHT） is often used to extract the fault characteristic signal and analyze decomposition results in time-frequency domain. However, end effect occurs in HHT, which leads to a series of problems such as modal aliasing and false IMF （Intrinsic Mode Func- tion）. To counter such problems in HHT, a new method is put forward to process signal by combining the general- ized regression neural network （GRNN） with the bound- ary local characteristic-scale continuation （BLCC）. Firstly, the improved EMD （Empirical Mode Decompo- sition） method is used to inhibit the end effect problem that appeared in conventional EMD. Secondly, the gen- erated IMF components are used in HHT. Simulation and measurement experiment for the cases of time domain, frequency domain and related parameters of Hilbert- Huang spectrum show that the method described here can restrain the end effect compared with the results obtained through mirror continuation, as the absolute percentage of the maximum mean of the beginning end point offset and the terminal point offset are reduced from 30.113% and 27.603% to 0.510% and 6.039% respectively, thus reducing the modal aliasing, and eliminating the false IMF components of HHT. The proposed method caneffectively inhibit end effect, reduce modal aliasing and false IMF components, and show the real structure of signal components accuratelX.

Bark-Wavelet Analysis and Hilbert -Huang Transform for Underwater Target Recognition

Recognizing the underwater targets by the radiated noise information is one of the most significant subjects in the area of underwater acoustics. Based on the theory of auditory perception, a novel recognition approach which consists of the algorithms of Bark-wavelet analysis, Hilbert-Huang transform and support vector machine is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is validated by comparing with traditional method and evaluated by the recognition experiments for SNRs of 0 dB, 5 dB, 10 dB, 15 dB and 20 dB.The results show that the average recognition rate of the method is above 88% and can be increased by 0.75 % to 6.25% under various SNR conditions compared to the baseline system.

Modal identification based on Hilbert-Huang Transform of structural response with S VD preprocessing

In recent years, Empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis have been combined to identify system parameters. Singular-Value Decomposition is pro- posed as a signal preprocessing technique of Hilbert-Huang Transform to extract modal parameters for closely spaced modes and low-energy components. The proposed method is applied to a simulated airplane model built in Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems software. The results demonstrate that the identified modal parameters are in good agreement with the baseline model.

Mode Recognition of Lamb Wave Detecting Signals in Metal Plate Using the Hilbert-Huang Transform Method

The dispersion and multiple modes characteristics which exist in the propagation of Lamb waves (LW) in metal plates make it extremely hard to analyze and recognize the detection echo signals of defects. As a newly developed time-frequency analysis method in recent years, Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is one of the powerful tools to analyze non-stationary signals. The experimental LW detecting system for single aluminum plate is setup in this work, and the LW detecting signals are analyzed by HHT. The overlapped LW detecting signals of different modes are recognized by the means of extracting flight time of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) after Hilbert transform (HT). The experiment results, agreeing well with the theoretical analysis, indicate that the HHT method can clearly recognize overlapped LW detecting signals of different modes in metal plates, but could hardly recognize that of the same mode. HHT can be an effective method to recognize LW detecting signals of different modes in metal plates.

Hilbert-Huang transform and wavelet analysis of time history signal

The brief theories of wavelet analysis and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) are introduced firstly in the present paper. Then several signal data were analyzed by using wavelet and HHT methods, respectively. The comparison shows that HHT is not only an effective method for analyzing non-stationary data, but also is a useful tool for examining detailed characters of time history signal.

Causes and solutions of overshoot and undershoot and end swing in Hilbert-Huang transform

There are overshoot and undershoot phenomenon and end swing phenomenon in the cubic spline fitting in Hil- bert-Huang transform. The two problems influence data quality of the empirical mode decomposition seriously. The cubic spline fitting has been analysed, and the causes of producing the overshoot and undershoot phenomenon and the end swing phenomenon have been pointed out in this paper. Two new methods of cubic spline fitting and sine spline fitting and the new technique of handling the end points of the original data curve can completely re- move the overshoot and undershoot phenomenon and the end swing phenomenon on the condition of unchanging original data, and have the advantages of the continuous fitting functions and its continuous one order derivative, the simple and convenient calculations, the small calculation amount and the easy work on it.

Transmission Lines Distance Protection Using Differential Equation Algorithm and Hilbert-Huang Transform

This paper proposed the scheme of transmission lines distance protection based on differential equation algorithms (DEA) and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). The measured impedance based on EDA is affected by various factors, such as the distributed capacitance, the transient response characteristics of current transformer and voltage transformer, etc. In order to overcome this problem, the proposed scheme applies HHT to improve the apparent impedance estimated by DEA. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to decompose the data set from DEA into the intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and the residue. This residue has monotonic trend and is used to evaluate the impedance of faulty line. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves significantly the accuracy of the estimated impedance.

Hilbert-Huang变换与大地电磁噪声压制

大地电磁信号具有非线性、非平稳、非最小相位特征,不符合以Fourier变换为基础的传统功率谱估计的基本要求.Hilbert-Huang变换是近年发展起来的处理非线性、非平稳信号的完全局部时频分析方法.本文在简要介绍Hilbert-Huang变换基本原理与算法基础上,以实际数据分析为例,探讨了它在大地电磁信号处理及噪声压制中的应用.提出利用Hilbert时-频能量谱对大地电磁信号进行时段筛选,以提高信号品质,增强数据处理的质量和资料的可解释性.利用经验模态分解方法及其多尺度滤波特征,可以有效地分析MT信号中的噪声分布特征,并进行干扰压制.

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的电网故障行波定位方法

正确辨识和检测故障行波信号是实现电网故障行波定位的关键。提出了一种新的故障行波信号时频分析方法,采用Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)对故障行波信号进行检测,通过经验模态分解(EMD)法提取故障行波信号的固有模态函数(IMF),再进行Hilbert变换,得到各自的瞬时频率,由瞬时频率进行行波到达时刻的准确检测。HHT与小波变换比较,不存在变换参数的选取难题,变换结果具有唯一性。仿真结果表明HHT能更准确地提取电网故障行波波头位置,有效提高故障行波定位精度。

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的生物触电电流检测模型

为了检测触电时刻剩余电流中生物体触电支路电流信号的难题,应用Hilbert-Huang变换方法,确定了生物触电时剩余电流的固有模态函数中相关系数最大的IMF分量的局部幅值达34.02 m A,且与原信号相关性系数达到0.99,同时剩余电流与触电电流暂态过程频谱特性具有相似变化规律。以此为基础,应用生物电流信号高频IMF分量幅值的突变特征,作为触电故障时刻确定判据,建立生物触电故障时刻判定方法,实际数据的仿真处理正确率为94.17%;筛选剩余电流分解的相关性较高的有限个数的低频固有模态IMF分量,应用逐步多元线性回归方法,提出基于剩余电流固有模态分量的生物触电支路电流幅值检测方法,仿真试验结果的平均相对误差值5.46%,具有良好的适应性和实用性,为研发基于生物体触电电流而动作的剩余电流保护装置提供参考。

Hilbert-Huang变换在电力系统过电压识别中的应用

将希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)方法引入到过电压信号分类识别研究中,该方法由经验模态分解(EMD)与Hilbert变换两部分组成,能够定量、准确地对信号幅值及频率特征进行刻画。采用HHT方法对7种电力系统中常见的过电压信号进行了分析计算,结果表明HHT方法计算得到的瞬时幅值谱、Hilbert边际谱、Hilbert时频谱,能够作为特征量对不同种类型过电压进行分类识别。基于HHT算法与RBF神经网络搭建了过电压信号分层识别系统,并以实测过电压数据对其进行验证,结果表明,该分类识别系统能够有效地对过电压信号进行分类识别,并具有较高的识别率。

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的ECG消噪

提出一种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的ECG消噪方法,该方法对含噪ECG进行经验模态分解,对分解后的IMF进行Hilbert频谱分析,然后根据ECG信号噪声特点对三种主要噪声分别消噪.工频干扰和高频噪声主要存在于ECG的低阶IMF中,而基线漂移主要存在于ECG的高阶IMF中,对低阶IMF采用基于自适应阈值的形态学滤波方法进行消噪,对高阶IMF采用平滑滤波法进行基线漂移估计.仿真实验和实际应用结果表明该方法优于小波消噪法,不仅对三种主要噪声具有较好的抑制作用,还能很好的保留ECG波形特征.

一种基于改进Hilbert-Huang变换的非平稳信号时频分析法及其应用

对于非平稳信号时频分析,提出了一种基于改进Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)的分析方法.根据HHT的已有原理,改进了经验模式分解(EMD)过程中的筛选停止准则,提高了分解精度;给出了Hilbert谱分析的完整过程;以线性调频连续波(FMCW)信号模型作为研究对象,结合改进的EMD分解和完整的Hilbert谱分析,通过分析时频分布特征实现高噪声背景下雷达目标信号的检测以及干扰信号的提取.仿真结果表明了改进后的HHT方法对于低信噪比非平稳信号分析的有效性.

Hilbert-Huang变换与地震信号的时频分析

本文介绍了HHT时频分析方法及瞬时频率的概念,给出了已知信号的经验模态分解及其时频分布,并对实际地震波形信号进行了HHT时频处理与剖析。结果表明,HHT方法能准确描述地震波形信号的非线性时变特征,是地震信号时频分析的有效工具。

基于支持矢量回归机的Hilbert-Huang变换端点效应问题的处理方法

Hilbert-Huang变换的端点效应表现在两个方面,对信号进行经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition, EMD)和对各个内禀模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)进行Hilbert变换时都会产生端点效应。为了克服 Hilbert-Huang变换中的端点效应,采用支持矢量回归机对信号延拓后再进行经验模态分解,该方法可以有效地克服EMD方法的端点效应问题,得到具有物理意义的内禀模态函数;然后再次采用支持矢量回归机对IMF分量进行延拓后进行Hilbert变换,可有效地抑制Hilbert变换中的端点效应,获得准确的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,从而得到具有物理意义的Hilbert谱。对仿真和实际信号的分析结果表明,基于支持矢量回归机的数据序列延拓方法能有效地解决Hilbert-Huang变换中存在的端点效应问题,而且其效果优于基于神经网络的数据序列延拓方法。