The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetric key algorithms that have several advantages in data encryption. However, a main drawback of this algorithm is that it encrypts identical plaintext blocks to identical ...The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetric key algorithms that have several advantages in data encryption. However, a main drawback of this algorithm is that it encrypts identical plaintext blocks to identical ciphertext blocks and cannot encrypt images that contain large areas of a single color. Thus, it does not hide all features of the image which reveals patterns in the plaintext. Moreover, it can be easily broken with a known plaintext attack revealing weak security. This paper presents a variant of the Hill cipher that overcomes these disadvantages. The proposed technique adjusts the encryption key to form a dif- ferent key for each block encryption. Visually and computationally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed variant yields higher security and significantly superior encryption quality compared to the original one.展开更多
This paper studies the security of an image encryption scheme based on the Hill cipher (Ismail et al., 2006) and reports its following problems: (1) There is a simple necessary and sufficient condition that makes a nu...This paper studies the security of an image encryption scheme based on the Hill cipher (Ismail et al., 2006) and reports its following problems: (1) There is a simple necessary and sufficient condition that makes a number of secret keys invalid; (2) It is insensitive to the change of the secret key; (3) It is insensitive to the change of the plain-image; (4) It can be broken with only one known/chosen plaintext; (5) It has some other minor defects. The proposed cryptanalysis discourages any use of the scheme in practice.展开更多
A modification of the Hill cipher algorithm was recently proposed by Ismail et al.(2006),who claimed that their new scheme could offer more security than the original one due to an extra non-linearity layer introduced...A modification of the Hill cipher algorithm was recently proposed by Ismail et al.(2006),who claimed that their new scheme could offer more security than the original one due to an extra non-linearity layer introduced via an elaborated key gen-eration mechanism.That mechanism produces one different encryption key for each one of the plaintext blocks.Nevertheless,we show in this paper that their method still has severe security flaws whose weaknesses are essentially the same as that already found in the original Hill cipher scheme.展开更多
Protecting the integrity and secrecy of digital data transmitted through the internet is a growing problem.In this paper,we introduce an asymmetric key algorithm for specifically processing images with larger bit valu...Protecting the integrity and secrecy of digital data transmitted through the internet is a growing problem.In this paper,we introduce an asymmetric key algorithm for specifically processing images with larger bit values.To overcome the separate flaws of elliptic curve cryptography(ECC)and the Hill cipher(HC),we present an approach to picture encryption by combining these two encryption approaches.In addition,to strengthen our scheme,the group laws are defined over the rational points of a given elliptic curve(EC)over a Galois field(GF).The exclusive-or(XOR)function is used instead of matrix multiplication to encrypt and decrypt the data which also refutes the need for the inverse of the key matrix.By integrating the inverse function on the pixels of the image,we have improved system security and have a wider key space.Furthermore,through comprehensive analysis of the proposed scheme with different available analyses and standard attacks,it is confirmed that our proposed scheme provides improved speed,security,and efficiency.展开更多
文摘The Hill cipher algorithm is one of the symmetric key algorithms that have several advantages in data encryption. However, a main drawback of this algorithm is that it encrypts identical plaintext blocks to identical ciphertext blocks and cannot encrypt images that contain large areas of a single color. Thus, it does not hide all features of the image which reveals patterns in the plaintext. Moreover, it can be easily broken with a known plaintext attack revealing weak security. This paper presents a variant of the Hill cipher that overcomes these disadvantages. The proposed technique adjusts the encryption key to form a dif- ferent key for each block encryption. Visually and computationally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed variant yields higher security and significantly superior encryption quality compared to the original one.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(No. 2006CB303104)the City University of Hong Kong under theSRG Project, China (No. 7002134)
文摘This paper studies the security of an image encryption scheme based on the Hill cipher (Ismail et al., 2006) and reports its following problems: (1) There is a simple necessary and sufficient condition that makes a number of secret keys invalid; (2) It is insensitive to the change of the secret key; (3) It is insensitive to the change of the plain-image; (4) It can be broken with only one known/chosen plaintext; (5) It has some other minor defects. The proposed cryptanalysis discourages any use of the scheme in practice.
文摘A modification of the Hill cipher algorithm was recently proposed by Ismail et al.(2006),who claimed that their new scheme could offer more security than the original one due to an extra non-linearity layer introduced via an elaborated key gen-eration mechanism.That mechanism produces one different encryption key for each one of the plaintext blocks.Nevertheless,we show in this paper that their method still has severe security flaws whose weaknesses are essentially the same as that already found in the original Hill cipher scheme.
基金the deanship of Scientific research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the research group’s program under Grant Number R.G.P.2/5/44.
文摘Protecting the integrity and secrecy of digital data transmitted through the internet is a growing problem.In this paper,we introduce an asymmetric key algorithm for specifically processing images with larger bit values.To overcome the separate flaws of elliptic curve cryptography(ECC)and the Hill cipher(HC),we present an approach to picture encryption by combining these two encryption approaches.In addition,to strengthen our scheme,the group laws are defined over the rational points of a given elliptic curve(EC)over a Galois field(GF).The exclusive-or(XOR)function is used instead of matrix multiplication to encrypt and decrypt the data which also refutes the need for the inverse of the key matrix.By integrating the inverse function on the pixels of the image,we have improved system security and have a wider key space.Furthermore,through comprehensive analysis of the proposed scheme with different available analyses and standard attacks,it is confirmed that our proposed scheme provides improved speed,security,and efficiency.
