Influencing factors of the neurodevelopment of high-risk infants

Background High-risk infants refer to newborns exposed to high-risk factors in the prenatal, natal or postnatal period. High-risk infants are at high risk of developmental retardation, and early identification of developmental abnormalities plays a vital role in improving high-risk infants' quality of life.Aims To describe the neurodevelopment of high-risk infants aged less than 1 year old, and to analyse the incidences and influencing factors of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in order to provide a basis for neurodevelopment monitoring and management of highrisk infants.Methods High-risk infants born between January 2016 and December 2016 in the maternity and infant health hospitals of three districts in Shanghai were followed up.The Gesell Developmental Scale was used to assess the neurodevelopmental level at the time of recruitment(0-2 months) and at 9 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the influencing factors were conducted.Results 484 high-risk infants(male 51 %, female 49%)with an average gestation age of 36.5±2.2 weeks were recruited. At the time of recruitment, the average age was2.1(0.8) months, and the developmental quotient(DQ)scores of full-term high-risk infants in motor(t=3.542,p=0.001), cognitive(t=3.125, p=0.002), language(t=3.189, p=0.002) and social(t=3.316, p=0.001) areas were higher than those of preterm infants. The incidences of developmental abnormalities of full-term high-risk infants in motor(χ~2 =9.452, p=0.002), cognitive(χ~2=6.258, p=0.012), language(χ~2 =12.319, p =0.001) and social(χ~2 =6.811, p=0.009) areas were lower than the preterm infants. At 9 months, there was no difference in the DQ scores and incidences of developmental abnormalities in four areas between full-term and preterm high-risk infants, and the incidence of developmental abnormalities was around 10%.Conclusion The incidence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in high-risk infants aged less than 1 year old is high. Preterm birth and parental bad habits are significant factors affecting the neurodevelopment.Monitoring and early interventions help to improve highrisk infants' neurodevelopment.

Seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i>Antibodies and Risk Factors Associated with Human Brucellosis in High-Risk Occupational Groups of the Noun Division in the West Region of Cameroon

Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of Brucella from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and Brucella antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (P = 0.04;X2 = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;P = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;P = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;P < 0.0001) appeared as factors that may increase the risk of Brucella infections. The detection of Brucella antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.

AIDS-Related High-Risk Behaviors and Affecting Factors of Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in China's Mainland

Objectives: To describe and analyze HIV/AIDS/STD-related high risk behaviors and affecting factors of men who have sex with men (MSM) in China's Mainland~ Methods: 426 self-administered or interview-based questionnaires collected from MSM were analyzed with SPSS or SAS Systems. Results: Of the MSM, four-fifths had engaged in oral-genital intercourse, about half had engaged in anal intercourse, and in the past year more than two-fifths had casual sexual partner(s).Very few maintained monogamous sexual relationships, and nearly half also had intercourse with women. One fourth had previously been diagnosed with a venereal diseases. One HIV+individual was found among the 40 who reported having been tested for HIV. Only two men consistently used condoms among the one-third who had ever used condoms, despite almost universal knowledge of HIV and its transmission. Conclusions: MSM in China's Mainland are very sexually active, highlighting the possibility of a serious HIV epidemic that may be directly spread to the female population. However,AIDS interventions targeting MSM face severe obstructions resulting from cultural bias and other factors.

A Case-control Study on High-risk Factors for Newborn Hearing Loss in Seven Cities of Shandong Province

To investigate the high-risk factors for newborn hearing loss and to provide information for preventing the development of hearing loss and delaying its progression, from May 2003 to June 2006, neonates who failed to pass the universal newborn hearing screening （UNHS） were referred to Jinan Newborn Hearing Screening and Rehabilitation Center from 7 newborn hearing screening centers in seven cities of Shandong province. One-to-one pair-matched case-control method was employed for statistical analysis of the basic features of definitely identified cases. High-risk factors relating to the bilateral hearing loss were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Our results revealed that 721 transferred newborns who didn＇t pass the heating screening received audiological and medical evaluation and 367 were confirmed to have hearing loss. Of them, 177 neonates with hearing loss who met the matching requirements were included in the study as subjects. Univariate analysis showed that high-risk factors related to hearing loss incuded age of father, education backgrounds of parents, parity, birth weight, gestational weeks, craniofacial deformity, history of receiving treatment in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）, neonatal disease, family history of otopathy and family history of congenital hearing loss. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that 4 independent risk factors were related to bilateral hearing loss, including parity （OR=16.285, 95% CI 3.379--78,481）, neonatal disease （OR=34;968, 95% CI 2.720 449.534）, family history of congenital hearing loss （OR=69.488, 95% CI 4.417--1093.300） and birth weight （OR=0.241, 95% CI 0.090--0.648）. It is concluded that parity, neonatal disease and family history of heating loss are the promoting factors of bilateral hearing loss in neonates and appropriate intervention measures should be taken to deal with the risk factors.

Development of a nomogram for overall survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma:A prospective cohort study in China

BACKGROUND Esophageal carcinoma(EC)presents a significant public health issue in China,with its prognosis impacted by myriad factors.The creation of a reliable prog-nostic model for the overall survival(OS)of EC patients promises to greatly advance the customization of treatment approaches.AIM To create a more systematic and practical model that incorporates clinically significant indicators to support decision-making in clinical settings.METHODS This study utilized data from a prospective longitudinal cohort of 3127 EC patients treated at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital between January 1,2018,and December 12,2020.Utilizing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression alongside multivariate Cox regression analyses helped pinpoint pertinent variables for constructing the model.Its efficacy was assessed by concordance index(C-index),area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration curves,and decision curve analysis(DCA).RESULTS Nine variables were determined to be significant predictors of OS in EC patients:Body mass index(BMI),Karnofsky performance status,TNM stage,surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio,and albumin-to-globulin ratio(ALB/GLB).The model demonstrated a C-index of 0.715(95%CI:0.701-0.729)in the training cohort and 0.711(95%CI:0.689-0.732)in the validation cohort.In the training cohort,AUCs for 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS predictions were 0.773,0.787,and 0.750,respectively;in the validation cohort,they were 0.772,0.768,and 0.723,respectively,illustrating the model's precision.Calibration curves and DCA verified the model's predictive accuracy and net benefit.CONCLUSION A novel prognostic model for determining the OS of EC patients was successfully developed and validated to help clinicians in devising individualized treatment schemes for EC patients.

Prevalence and Determinants of High-risk HPV Infection among 11549 Women from an Opportunistic Screening in Hubei Province

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection plays an important role in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.A total of 11 549 women were enrolled from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province.Each participant accepted hrHPV testing and completed a self^administered questionnaire about basic information and potential risk factors.The univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the associations between variants and hrHPV infection.Our results showed that hrHPV prevalence was 16.09% in Hubei Province,among which,hrHPV was more likely to be positive in women aged 51 years or above (OR=1.65,95% CI:1.28-2.14),and in women who had symptoms of bleeding after intercourse (OR=1.32,95% CI:1.17-1.50),had first sexual intercourse at the age of 18 years or below (OR=1.33,95% CI:1.07-1.64),had at least three male sexual partners (OR=2.50,95% CI:2.07-3.03),and who had been diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (OR=1.50,95% CI:1.12-2.03).Married women (OR=0.66,95% CI:0.55-0.78) and women who frequently used condoms (OR=0.75,95% CI:0.67-0.84) had a relatively lower hrHPV prevalence.This study confirms that hrHPV infection was associated with age,marital status,symptoms of intercourse bleeding,history of sexually transmitted infections,and sex-related behaviors.Above all,this study provides a baseline database prior to obtaining vaccinations for dynamic tracking of the changes in hrHPV prevalence.

Hepatocyte growth factor gene transfer effects on the femoral and intramuscular nerve in a canine model of lower limb ischemia

BACKGROUND： Recent advancements in gene therapy have provided new methodology for treating ischemia in lower extremities. Gene transfer of angiogenic factors to ischemic tissues may promote local proliferation of new vessels and form collateral circulation. OBJECTIVE： To observe histopathological changes in the femoral and intramuscular nerve three months after intramuscular injection of hepatocyte growth factor （HGF） into the peripheral skeletal muscle in a canine model of lower limb ischemia. DESIGN： Randomized occlusion modelled and verification animal study. SETTING： Experimental Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： This study was performed at Animal Experimental Center, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from September to November 2006. A total of eight male mongrel dogs, weighing 12–15 kg and 1.5–3 years of age, were selected for this study. This experimental study was in accordance with local ethics standards. Recombinant plasmid carrying HGF （pUDKH） and occlusion model plasmid （pUDK） were provided by the Third Laboratory of Radiation Medical Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA. METHODS： Grouping and model establishment： under anesthesia, complete vascular occlusion models were established on the left lower extremities. The experimental dogs were randomly divided into a model group and a pUDKH treatment group, with four dogs in each group. Dogs in the pUDKH group were injected with 0.15 mg/kg pUDKH. Ten minutes later, intramuscular injections were performed at three spots into the peripheral skeletal muscle of the left hind limb, as well as lateral injections at two spots. The injection volume at each spot was 0.2 mL. Dogs in the model group were injected with pUDK, and dosage and injection method were identical to the treatment group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histopathological changes in the femoral nerve, as well as internal and external intramuscular nerve tissues in the hind limb of dogs three months after plasmid injection under optic microscope. RESULTS： （1） Histopathological changes in the femoral nerve： tiny nerves from the femoral nerve to the intramuscular nerve exhibited marked degeneration in the model group. The degenerating features included neurites, myelin sheaths, and Schwann cell nuclei. Neuropathy in the pUDKH treatment group was not detected. （2） Histopathological changes of the intramuscular nerve： large and irregular vacuoles were present on several longitudinal sections of intramuscular nerve fibers in the model group, as well as annular-shaped blank regions on transverse sections of peripheral neurites. In the pUDKH treatment group, large, blank regions were present in several segments of partial nerve fibers of the longitudinal intramuscular nerve region, but only a few nerve fibers exhibited annular-shaped blank regions on the transverse section of peripheral neurites. CONCLUSION： Local pUDKH injection may relieve or block femoral and intramuscular nerve tissue injury in a canine mocel of lower limb ischemia.

Detection of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis in High-Risk Individuals of Stroke Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm

Objective Asymptomatic carotid stenosis(ACS)is closely associated to the incidence of severe cerebrovascular diseases.Early identifying the individuals with ACS and its associated risk factors could be beneficial for primary prevention of stroke.This study aimed to investigate a machine-learning algorithm for the detection of ACS among high-risk population of stroke based on the associated risk factors.Methods A novel model of machine learning was utilized to screen the associated predictors of ACS based on 30 potential risk factors.The algorithm of this model adopted a random forest pattern based on the training data and then was verified using the testing data.All of the original data were retrieved from the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project(CNSSPP),including demographic,clinical and laboratory characteristics.The individuals with high risk of stroke were enrolled and randomly divided into a training group and a testing group at a ratio of 4:1.The identification of carotid stenosis by carotid artery duplex scans was set as the golden standard.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the curve(AUC)was used to evaluate the efficacy of the model in detecting ACS.Results Of 2841 high risk individual of stroke enrolled,326(11.6%)were diagnosed as ACS by ultrasonography.The top five risk fectors contributing to ACS in this model were identified as family history of dyslipidemia,high level of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c),low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c),aging,and low body.

Analysis of clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of breast cancer brain metastasis

BACKGROUND Breast cancer(BC)has become the most common malignancy in women.The incidence and detection rates of BC brain metastasis(BCBM)have increased with the progress of imaging,multidisciplinary treatment techniques and the extension of survival time of BC patients.BM seriously affects the quality of life and survival prognosis of BC patients.Therefore,clinical research on the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of BCBM is valuable.By analyzing the clinicopathological parameters of BCBM patients,and assessing the risk factors and prognostic indicators,we can perform hierarchical diagnosis and treatment on the high-risk population of BCBM,and achieve clinical benefits of early diagnosis and treatment.AIM To explore the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of BCBM,and provide references for diagnosis,treatment and management of BCBM.METHODS The clinicopathological data of 68 BCBM patients admitted to the Air Force Medical Center,Chinese People’s Liberation Army(formerly Air Force General Hospital)from 2000 to 2022 were collected.Another 136 BC patients without BM were matched at a ratio of 1:2 based on the age and site of onset for retrospective analysis.Categorical data were subjected to χ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact probability test,and the variables with P<0.05 in the univariate Cox proportional hazards model were incorporated into the multivariate model to identify high-risk factors and independent prognostic factors of BCBM,with a hazard ratio(HR)>1 suggesting poor prognostic factors.The survival time of patients was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method,and overall survival was compared between groups by log-rank test.RESULTS Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients with stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ tumor at initial diagnosis[HR:5.58,95% confidence interval(CI):1.99–15.68],lung metastasis(HR:24.18,95%CI:6.40-91.43),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-overexpressing BC and triple-negative BC were more prone to BM.As can be seen from the prognostic data,52 of the 68 BCBM patients had died by the end of follow-up,and the median time from diagnosis of BC to the occurrence of BM and from the occurrence of BM to death or last follow-up was 33.5 and 14 mo,respectively.It was confirmed by multivariate Cox regression analysis that patients with neurological symptoms(HR:1.923,95%CI:1.005-3.680),with bone metastasis(HR:2.011,95%CI:1.056-3.831),and BM of HER2-overexpressing and triple-negative BC had shorter survival time.CONCLUSION HER2-overexpressing,triple-negative BC,late tumor stage and lung metastasis are risk factors of BM.The presence of neurological symptoms,bone metastasis,and molecular type are influencing prognosis factors of BCBM.

Histopathological and molecular study of Neospora caninum infection in bovine aborted fetuses

Objective:To estimate the extent to which abortion in dairy cows was associated with of Neospom caninum(N.caninum) and to determine the risk factors of neosporosis in dairy farms from 9 provinces in Iran.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) test was used to detect Neospora infection in the brain of 395 bovine aborted fetuses from 9 provinces of Iran.In addition,the brains of aborted fetuses were taken for histopathological examination.To identify the risk factors associated with neosporosis,data analysis was performed by SAS.Results:N.caninum was detected in 179(45%) out of 395 fetal brain samples of bovine aborted fetuses using PCR.Among the PCR-positive brain samples,only 56 samples were suited for histopathological examination.The characteristic lesions of Neospora infection including non-suppurative encephalitis were found in 16(28%) of PCR-positive samples.The risk factors including season,parity of dam,history of bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection in herd,cow's milk production,herd size and fetal appearance did not show association with the infection.This study showed that Neospora caused abortion was significantly more in the second trimester of pregnancy than other periods.In addition,a significant association was observed between Neospora infection and stillbirth.Conclusions:The results showed N.caninum infection was detected in high percentage of aborted fetuses.In addition,at least one fourth of abortions caused by Neospora infection.These results indicate increasing number of abortions associated with the protozoa more than reported before in Iran.

Large Population Screening Identified the Main Risk Factors of Stroke in Shashi District of Jingzhou City

Objective: This paper aims to screen and analyze the current status of high-risk stroke patients in Shashi District of Jingzhou City and the exposure levels of related risk factors, and provides suggestions as the references for prevention and treatment of stroke. Methods: Using cluster sampling, on-site investigations were conducted on 1060 permanent residents aged 40 years and over at 3 townships and 2 communities in Shashi District of Jingzhou City from January 2018 to December 2018. Risk assessment of stroke is based on the stroke risk screening form. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 22.0 software. Results: After making a stroke risk assessment, a total of 313 high-risk stroke patients were screened, and the detection rate was 29.53%. The exposure rate of risk factors from high to low was hypertension (70.93%), dyslipidemia (46.33%), less physical exercise (46.01%), diabetes (36.10%), overweight (33.55%), smoking (33.23%), family history of stroke (24.92%), atrial fibrillation or valvular heart disease (7.35%). There are statistically significant differences among all risk factors between the high-risk group and middle and low-risk groups (P Conclusion: The detection rate of high-risk stroke patients in Shashi District of Jingzhou City is high. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and less physical exercise are the main risk factors of stroke occurrence and recurrence in the region. The prevention and treatment of risk factors for stroke should be strengthened to control the incidence and recurrence rate of stroke.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A 6-Month Clinico-Histopathologic Audit in a Kenyan Population

Objective: To determine the clinico-histopathologic variations and etiological factors associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted at the University of Nairobi Dental Hospital (UNDH) and Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) between September 2008 and February 2009. Eighty-two (82) patients presenting with lesions confirmed as OSCC were evaluated for habits identified as risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol use and betel quid chewing. Demographic features including age and gender as well as clinical parameters such as site of the primary lesion, tumour size and nodal involvement were documented. Incisional biopsies were performed for all patients to confirm the diagnosis and histopathological features noted. Results: The mean age of the patients was 58.49 (range = 14 to 90 years), with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Remarkably, 13.4% of the patients were aged 40 years and below. The peak incidence was found to have been in the 6th - 7th decades. Tobacco use was the main associated etiological factor (73.2%) followed by alcohol use (57.3%). Notably, 25.6% of the cases had no identifiable risk factor. The tongue was the most common site (35%) followed by the palate (22%) (p = 0.03). The least commonly affected site was the floor of the mouth (10%). The most common stage at presentation was stage IV (52.4%) and;the poorly differentiated OSCC was the most common histopathologic variant (48.8%) followed by the well differentiated (30.5%) and moderately differentiated OSCC (20.7%). Conclusion: In the present investigation it is evident that OSCC has a male predilection with a peak incidence in the 6th - 7th decades and most commonly manifests in the tongue at stage IV with the poorly differentiated subtype being the most common. Of the cases diagnosed 13.4% were aged 40 years and below.

Relationship of high-risk HPV infection with MEKK3 and NF-κB expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia tissue

Objective:To study the relationship of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (MEKK3) and nuclear factorκB (NF-κB) expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia tissue.Methods:125 cases of cervical biopsy specimens between May 2013 and March 2016 were collected. The cervical inflammation specimens, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia specimens and cervical cancer specimens were included in inflammation group, CIN group and malignant group respectively. HPV-DNA typing detection kits were used to determine HPV typing, immunohistochemical kits were used to determine MEKK3 and NF-κB protein expression, and fluorescent quantitative PCR kits were used to determine the mRNA expression of MEKK3, NF-κB and downstream molecules.Results: MEKK3 and NF-κB protein expression in high-risk HPV-positive cervical tissue were significantly higher than those in high-risk HPV-negative cervical tissue (P<0.05), and MEKK3, NF-κB, Bcl-2, XIAP, Bmi-1, TGF-β and Vimentin mRNA expression in high-risk type HPV-positive cervical tissue were significantly higher than those in high-risk HPV-negative cervical tissue (P<0.05);Bcl-2, XIAP, Bmi-1, TGF-β and Vimentin mRNA expression in tissue with positive MEKK3 and NF-κB expression were significantly higher than those in tissue with negative MEKK3 and NF-κB expression (P<0.05).Conclusions:High-risk HPV infection will increase the expression of proliferation genes Bcl-2, XIAP and Bmi-1 as well as invasion genes TGF-β and Vimentin in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia tissue through MEKK3/NF-κB pathway.

瘢痕疙瘩miR-557和eIF2a的表达及靶向关系研究

目的检测瘢痕疙瘩中微小RNA-557(miR-557)和真核细胞翻译起始因子2a(eIF2a)在病变组织和细胞株中的表达特征,明确两者的靶向关系。方法选择首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院诊治患者术后的瘢痕疙瘩(n=98)、增生性瘢痕组织(n=49)和正常皮肤组织(n=49)。应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测miR-557的表达,应用免疫组化检测eIF2a和Ki-67的表达。分离培养瘢痕疙瘩组织中的成纤维细胞,应用双荧光素酶报告基因实验观察miR-57与eIF2a的靶向关系。结果瘢痕疙瘩中miR-557的表达量明显低于增生性瘢痕组织和正常皮肤组织(P<0.05),瘢痕疙瘩中eIF2a表达的阳性率明显高于增生性瘢痕组织和正常皮肤组织(P<0.05),miR-557和eIF2a在不同病变最大径、不同增殖指数和有无伴随症状中的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。瘢痕疙瘩中miR-557与eIF2a呈负相关性(r=-0.69,P=0.016)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验显示miR-557与eIF2a具有靶向关系。结论miR-557在瘢痕疙瘩中的表达下降,eIF2a的表达升高,均与临床及组织病理特征有关,miR-557与eIF2a具有靶向负调控关系。

不同病理分型的初治非小细胞肺癌骨转移患者的预后分析

目的了解不同病理类型的初治非小细胞肺癌(Non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)骨转移患者经过不同一线治疗方案的预后,以便对临床预测疾病进展、指导治疗、改善预后提供帮助。方法选择安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院2019年1月1日至2023年12月31日收入初治伴有骨转移的403名NSCLC患者,运用生存分析(Log-rank检验)进行单因素分析,Cox回归多因素分析,发现组织病理分型是影响患者预后的独立因素(P=0.001,HR=1.952),之后去除该因素对预后的影响,将全部人数按照病理组织分型分为腺癌组(316例)、鳞癌组(87例)两组后再次使用Cox回归模型进行多因素分析,分析影响生存预后的因素。结果在此次数据分析中,病理类型为鳞癌的患者的中位生存期(median overall survival,mOS)为15月(95%CI:12.85~17.15),中位无进展生存期(median progression-free survival,mPFS)为9月(95%CI:7.34~10.67),而腺癌组患者的mOS为25月(95%CI:23.26~26.74),mPFS为16月(95%CI:14.43~17.57),差异有统计学意义。整体组的OS受到多方面因素的影响,包括初诊时美国东部肿瘤协作组织(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)评分状态(1分/>1分)、骨转移至躯干+四肢骨+颅骨、骨转移灶数量≥4个、ALK靶点基因突变、以及一线治疗使用化疗+靶向治疗等因素影响;同样地,PFS也受到上述因素的影响。另外在以病理组织分型为依据的腺癌组模型以及鳞癌组模型中得出化疗+靶向治疗,化疗+免疫治疗分别为两组的保护因素,ALK靶点基因突变仅为腺癌组的保护因素。结论本研究进一步确认了初治NSCLC骨转移患者的预后影响因素,为临床治疗提供了重要参考。

广西地区美国牛蛙源弗氏柠檬酸杆菌的分离鉴定、耐药性及组织病理

为了探明2022年5月在广西南宁某养殖基地引起美国牛蛙暴发疾病的原因,本实验从患病美国牛蛙的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和肠道中分离出优势菌,采用形态学观察、生理生化实验、16S rRNA基因序列测定及系统发育学分析进行鉴定。为确定该菌株的致病机理,对该菌株进行了人工感染实验、组织病理学观察、毒力基因检测、药物敏感性实验以及耐药基因检测。结果显示,在患病濒死美国牛蛙的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏以及肠道均分离到单一的优势菌株,从肠道分离得到的一株优势菌被命名为NFCF-02,并经鉴定为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌。该菌株携带viaB、ompX、ureE、ureD、ureG和ureF等6种毒力基因,对美国牛蛙的半数致死浓度为3.12×10^(6)CFU/mL,发病临床症状包括肝脏变黄、花肝、肝脏坏死;肾脏充血发红、胃表面有血丝以及肠道呈红色和充血。组织病理学观察发现,其肝细胞变性坏死,肝索排列紊乱;肾小管上皮细胞肿胀坏死、严重区域肾小管崩解、坏死;脾脏中央静脉扩张淤血,含铁血黄素、色素细胞增多;肠黏膜脱落,肠上皮细胞坏死脱落,杯状细胞坏死。药敏实验结果显示,分离菌株NFCF-02对新霉素、多黏菌素B、头孢拉定、多西环素等4种抗菌药物敏感,对林可霉素等14种抗菌药物已产生耐药性,携带gyrA、Sul1等7种耐药基因。研究表明,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌对美国牛蛙具有高致病性,可引起美国牛蛙肝脏和肠道等多器官组织的病理损伤,最终引发机体的损伤甚至死亡。本研究首次从组织病理学分析和毒力因子携带情况的角度确定了弗氏柠檬酸杆菌对美国牛蛙的致病力,为养殖美国牛蛙中弗氏柠檬酸杆菌病的诊断和药物防控提供了参考依据。

User-friendly prognostic model for rectal neuroendocrine tumours: In the era of precision management

In this letter,we explore into the potential role of the recent study by Zeng et al.Rectal neuroendocrine tumours(rNETs)are rare,originate from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells,and express corresponding markers.Although most rNETs patients have a favourable prognosis,the median survival period significantly decreases when high-risk factors,such as larger tumours,poorer differentiation,and lymph node metastasis exist,are present.Clinical prediction models play a vital role in guiding diagnosis and prognosis in health care,but their complex calculation formulae limit clinical use.Moreover,the prognostic models that have been developed for rNETs to date still have several limitations,such as insufficient sample sizes and the lack of external validation.A high-quality prognostic model for rNETs would guide treatment and follow-up,enabling the precise formulation of individual patient treatment and follow-up plans.The future development of models for rNETs should involve closer collab-oration with statistical experts,which would allow the construction of clinical prediction models to be standardized and robust,accurate,and highly general-izable prediction models to be created,ultimately achieving the goal of precision medicine.

Bridging the gap: Predicting brain metastasis in breast cancer

Chen et al explored clinicopathological features and prognostic factors,revealing advanced tumor stage,lung metastases,HER-2 overexpression,and triple-negative status as key contributors.Recent research connects astrocytes'role in brain metastasis with signaling pathways and the impact of Trastuzumab on HER-2 tumor survival.Factors such as positive HER2 status,lack of estrogen receptor expression,and liver metastasis are identified as additional risk factors.The routine use of magnetic resonance imaging,insights into gene mutations associated with metastasis,and the role of radiotherapy,including prophylaxis possibilities,is controversial in clinical practice.Understanding these risk factors in a multidisciplinary collaboration is precise for local treatments and targeted therapies,particularly for HER2+tumors,impacting directly on longer survival.

肝细胞癌组织BCLAF1和TCF3 RNA水平及其临床意义探讨

目的研究肝细胞癌(HCC)患者癌组织Bcl-2相关转录因子1(BCLAF1)和T细胞因子3(TCF3)RNA水平变化及其临床意义。方法2017年1月~2022年1月我院诊治的62例HCC患者,均接受肝叶切除术治疗,取得癌组织和癌旁肝组织。术后,随访2年。常规行病理学检查,采用qRT-PCR法检测组织BCLAF1 RNA和TCF3 RNA水平。结果HCC患者癌组织BCLAF1 RNA和TCF3 RNA水平分别为(1.5±0.2)和(1.9±0.3),显著高于癌旁组织【分别为(0.9±0.1)和(1.2±0.1),P<0.05】;直径>3 mm癌组织BCLAF1 RNA水平为(1.7±0.3),显著高于直径≤3 mm肿瘤【(1.3±0.2,P<0.05】;有包膜侵犯的癌组织BCLAF1 RNA水平为(1.6±0.3),显著高于无包膜侵犯肿瘤【(1.4±0.2,P<0.05】;中/低分化肿瘤BCLAF1 RNA和TCF3 RNA水平显著高于高分化肿瘤(P<0.05);TNM分期Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期肿瘤BCLAF1 RNA和TCF3 RNA水平显著低于Ⅲ期肿瘤(P<0.05);有微血管侵犯肿瘤BCLAF1 RNA和TCF3 RNA水平分别为(1.6±0.3)和(2.0±0.3),显著高于无微血管侵犯肿瘤【分别为(1.3±0.2)和(1.7±0.3),P<0.05】;有淋巴结转移肿瘤BCLAF1 RNA和TCF3 RNA水平分别为(1.6±0.2)和(2.1±0.4),显著高于无淋巴结转移肿瘤【分别为(1.4±0.2)和(1.7±0.3),P<0.05】;随访2年,62例HCC患者生存38例(61.3%);死亡患者癌组织BCLAF1 RNA和TCF3 RNA水平分别为(1.7±0.3)和(2.2±0.4),显著高于生存组【分别为(1.4±0.2)和(1.7±0.3),P<0.05】。结论HCC患者癌组织BCLAF1和TCF3 RNA水平均呈上调趋势,并与肿瘤的恶性程度和不良预后相关,值得进一步研究。