Study of living fossil of historic cities--taking historic city Ping Yao in world heritage list as an example

World Heritage belongs to all the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are living. The world heritage list draws attention to the wealth and diversity of the Earth's cultural and natural heritage. Historic cities in world heritage list agglomerates the elite of the noblest stage in human civilization history, whose outstanding historic, artistic and scientific values make them the living fossils of urban historic study.

Heritage Communities in Consumer Contexts Spatial Production of Tourism Research-Take Qixian Zhao Yu Historical City as an Example

Taking Zhaoyu Historical City in Qixian County as an example,this paper explores the production process of tourism space in Zhaoyu Historical City in the context of consumption,based on Lefebvre's triadic dialectic theory.The study reveals that,driven by the development of tourism,subjects such as the government and planners possess absolute dominance over spatial representations,while residents demonstrate receptive and adaptive action strategies and social relations are reproduced,presenting a harmonious state.Further exploring the tourism community in the environmental performance of the subject of action,social relations,consumption demand,daily life practice,cultural capital,etc.,the daily life practice of the tourism community has transcended the original logic of tourism spatial production and has a certain extension.The mechanism analysis in this paper can help guide the healthy development of tourism space in the neighboring historical cities or communities and achieve the dual purpose of promoting the economic development of the community and heritage protection.

Pedestrian street and its effect on economic sustainability of a historical Middle Eastern city:The case of Chaharbagh Abbasi in Isfahan,Iran

Pedestrianization is an urban revitalization strategy to enhance sustainability and livability in car-oriented cities.Despite many studies in this research field,the effects of pedestrianization on the economy of cities in developing countries still need further investigation.Additionally,the impact of this strategy on the tenant mix of com-mercial and historical areas in Middle East countries is nebulous.To address these inadequacies,we considered Chaharbagh Abbasi street,located in the heart of Isfahan,Iran,and investigated the impact of a pedestrianization project with particular emphasis on how it affects the economic sustainability of existent commercial fabric.Pre-and post-project data along with field observations and quantifications used to assess structural replacements in trade,were analyzed with SPSS and ArcGIS software.The results revealed unexpected outcomes,such as the closure of some traditional businesses(27.5%),a stagnation in sales(69%)and a decrease in job offers(84%)leading the local economy to a fragile situation.Conversely,it was found that the footfall volume increased by 64% and 73% from the retailers’and pedestrians’viewpoints.This evolution along with a wide opening of food and beverage stores(approximately 60%)makes the post-pedestrianization results more promising than earlier predictions.In conclusion,these findings reinforce the importance of pedestrian streets in revitalizing economic activities in historical and commercial areas from the perspective of economic sustainability.Due to the lack of similar investigations in Middle East countries,these findings can support decision-makers and urban planners to take preventive measures in preserving the diversity of individual small shops for upcoming urban rehabilitation projects in terms of pedestrianization.

Impacts of Rapid Urbanization to Traditional Living Environment and Community Linkage in Historic Old Quarters of Vietnam： A Case Study on Gia Hoi Area in Hue City, Central Vietnam

Though with slight ups and downs, Vietnamese economies have been flourishing for recent decades. Just like other remaining historical districts in Asia, those of Vietnam have been going through rapid urbanization and transformation. The rapid urbanization impacts on traditional living environment. This paper examines the impacts of rapid urbanization to traditional living environment and community linkage, illustrating a case study of the Gia Hoi area of the historic old district in the city of Hue in Central Vietnam. To identify the impacts, a comparative analysis is conducted between neighbors along a main street which were more impacted by urbanization and those along a small alley which were less impacted. Through the analysis of field and questionnaire surveys, it found out that socioeconomic conditions, in particular, community linkage of households along main street and small ally varied significantly. It argues that in historical district, social capital is not well-spread, but rather concentrated along small allies, and small allies play an important role for sustainable community.

A Historical City The Splendid City of yan'an

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Urban Heritage and Tourism in the Gulf： The Case of Dubai in the UAE

Heritage and tourism have become dynamic areas of development in the world during the last two decades. The idea of heritage is crucial to the critical decision-making process as to how irreplaceable resources are to be utilized by people of the present or conserved for future generations in a fast-changing world. In view of the importance of ＂heritage＂ to the development of a tourist destination, the emphasis on developing appropriate adaptive reuse strategies cannot be overemphasized. In October 1999, the 12th General Assembly of the International Council on Monuments and Sites （ICOMOS） in Mexico stated that in the context of sustainable development, two interrelated issues need urgent attention： cultural tourism and historic cities. The two issues underscore the fact that historic resources are non-renewable, belonging to all of humanity. Without adequate adaptive reuse actions to ensure a sustainable future for these historic resources, this may lead to their complete vanishing. The Gulf rich urban heritage is now being recognized as a valuable resource for future development. This paper focuses on the role of heritage tourism and its implications for urban conservation in the context of old Dubai, UAE. Therefore, in order to use heritage wisely, it will be necessary to position heritage as an essential element of sustainable development, paying particular attention to heritage tourism. The question to be raised here is： ＂How can urban heritage be used wisely for tourism without compromising its educational and social roles in enhancing the local cultural identity？＂.

Exploring the spatial pattern of historic Chinese towns and cities:A syntactical approach

This study explores the spatial pattern of Historic Chinese Towns and Cities(HCTC)by using a syntactic approach.The HCTC is an important element of the built environment and exhibits a variety of unique spatial characteristics.Although previous research has been focused on qualitative analysis,a quantitative approach to exploring this issue is scarce,leading to insufficient understanding of the spatial characteristics of HCTC.This study presents a quantitative approach to analyzing the spatial pattern of HCTC by utilizing the space syntax method.Four well-preserved historic towns were selected as case studies,each representing a typical spatial type of historic town in China.A series of mathematical measures from space syntax were used to explore the spatial characteristics of HCTC,facilitating expanded interpretation of traditional Chinese ideologies.Results contribute to a more critical understanding of the spatial pattern of HCTC.

Some Thoughts on the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Cities

Through the concepts in the preservation plan for the historical and cultural city of Shenyang,this paper at-tempts to discuss and explore various issues such as the understanding and implementation,contents and concepts,preservation and development,heritage and redevleopment of the historical and cultural city,with a hope to providethis profound topic some references for consideration.With the economic and cultural development of the country,more and more attention has been paid to the pres-ervation and the utilization of the historical and cultural relics.Shenyang is one of the second group of the historicalcities designated by the State Council in 1986.Preservation plan and protective measures are now being formulatedfor this city.The following paragraphs outline some views in respect of the preservation of historical and cultural cities.

MOHURD: 10 Cities as the First Group of Pilot Cities for Historic Building Protection

In order to fully practice the spirit of the 19th CPC National Congress,enhance the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage,and fully exert the utilization value of historic building,the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development(MOHURD)recently released the list of the first group of pilot cities for historic building protection,which include:Beijing,Guangzhou,Suzhou,Yangzhou,

A study on the impact of heritage protection on urban carbon emissions

A major goal of current international urban development and construction is to lower carbon emissions.Synergies exist between the preservation of historic cities and the development of low-carbon cities;however,the relationship between preservation of historic cities and carbon emissions remains unclear.This study focuses on the cities in the“Yellow-Canal-Yangtze”watershed community,which includes the Yellow River Basin,Yangtze River Basin,and the Grand Canal region,and aims to verify the differences in CO_(2) emissions(CE)between historic and non-historic cities through multiple comparisons after ANOVA.Additionally,Ridge Regression was used to determine the impact and dimensions of the relevant variables associated with the preservation of historic cities on CE.Combined with national development goals,this study predicts changes in the CE of historic city preservation under different scenarios.This study found significant differences between historic and non-historic cities,as the total CE of historic cities is 2.42 times higher than that of non-historic cities.The dimension with the largest difference was the CE related to transportation,with aviation emissions of historic cities reaching 15.22 times higher than that of non-historic cities.Although the preservation of historic cities has led to an overall increase in the CE,there is significant potential for CE reduction in land use,transportation infrastructure,and tourism development related to historic city preservation.In the future,historic cities can contribute to China's carbon neutrality and the United Nation's development goals through the creation of larger historical preservation areas,more convenient public transportation,and more vibrant tourism.

Exploration of spatial design issues at backpacker hostels in Budapest＇s historic center： Informality, density, and adaptability

This paper presents a practice-based research to achieve a deeper understanding of the spatial issues related to backpacker tourism, a booming industry in Budapest. The authors designed six backpacker hostels between 2013 and 2015, and of these, four are presently in operation. Hostels are the main infrastructures within the global network of backpacker tourism. Results from the design process revealed that the creation and operation of hostels are significantly influenced by three issues, namely, informality, density, and adaptability. These issues are negotiated on three interconnected tevels： the city, the building, and the interior. The authors developed an experimental structure for dormitory spaces as a conscious reaction to these issues. This experimental structure is presented and evaluated, and further paths of development are formulated based on the results.

Heritage risk index:A multi-criteria decision-making tool to prioritize municipal historic preservation projects

The current pressure on the built historical heritage requires a global evaluation to develop strategies for its preservation.A combined vision of the state of conservation of architectural heritage is essential to highlight the vulnerabilities of the structure from which harmonized measures can be proposed for its mitigation.This study proposes a multi-criteria analysis methodology that considers a qualitative and quantitative approach to organize the global conservation state of heritage buildings hierarchically.A global index can be determined on the basis of the generation of an interoperable data matrix by defining a set of indicators to assess different components of a building.This index describes the risk with respect to the stability,safety,and habitability of the building.This methodology aims to achieve the state of the building in an integral way by obtaining a simple and objective index that enables efficient comparison among different buildings.The application of this methodology to a historic area allows creating a hierarchical map of risk to stablish priorities for intervention and enable a sustainable and critical management and planning over the actions of maintenance,conservation,and restoration.In this way,a holistic vision of the complex reality of built heritage and the urban landscape is obtained to identify critical areas of priority intervention.

Discrimination on the Concept of Historic City in China

In 1982,the State Council announced a list of historic cities in China,aiming to set up a conservation measure to conserve the cultural heritages from the perspective of a city.The historic city is a concept in relation to urban administrative governance.Its conservation scope and specific contents should be defined in conservation planning.Since the conservation planning of historic city is a part of the city master planning,its planning area should be the same as that in the master planning,with focus on the central urban area.The conservation planning of a historic city should define its objects in view of the interconnection between city history and culture and thus specify its conservation scope and contents accordingly.

Between Tangibility and Intangibility——A Review on Conservation Planning and Its Implementation in the Historical City of NanJing

The conservation plan for the famous historical and cultural city of Nanjing was prepared since several yearsago.The plan,being an integral component to enrich comprehensive planning of the city,has been workingeffectively through the planning structure to direct the development of Nanjing.However,upon further analysis,au-thors of this article feel that this plan still has its own deficiences and drawbacks in exploring indepth the city’scultural origin,in selecting the essentials while discarding the dross and in blazing new trails based on the rich legacyof the past.These aspects need to be further investigated and to illustrate these points,two scenic belts are proposedto be included into the conservation plan.

Xianyang—A Historically and Cultur ally Noted City

Ⅰ.General InformationSituated in the Guanzhong hinterland,Xianyang borders on Xian,Weinan andTongchuan on the east,Gansu on the north,Baoji on the west and faces Zhouzi andHuxian Counties on the opposite side ofWei River in the south.It has three districtsand 11 counties under its jurisdiction.Its ur-ban area is located at the joint of Wei。

Circularity-based decision-making framework for the integrated conservation of built heritage:the case of the Medina of Tunis

Several factors overlap in making urban heritage conservation vulnerable in terms of long-term sustainability.The purpose of this study is to offer insights into the dynamic role that heritage governance plays in the current sustainability debate.This purpose is achieved by investigating the shift from a‘governing for culture’approach to a‘governing through culture’approach in heritage conservation.Subsequently,a case is built for a circularity-based conservation strategy applicable to the governance of historic cities.Different indicators of the circular governance approach are considered,and useful data are collected in comparative form.The cross-matching relationship between the factors is then evaluated by employing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)on the collected data.As a test case,the conservation strategy of the Medina of Tunis is presented.For a more general conservation model,case-specific data are acquired.Finally,the same framework is applied to compare the case-dependent and case-independent data to define an integrated conservation framework.The obtained results show that the knowledge and data exchange factor,carries the highest significance.This result translates into heritage-led urban regeneration through knowledge sharing and the effective redistribution of cultural activities in historic city centres.

旅游动机对历史文化名城游客满意度与忠诚度的影响——基于大理古城的实证研究

Based on the perspective of heritage tourism,this paper selected Dali Ancient City,one of the first group of national historic and cultural cities,located in Yunnan Province,China,as case study to analyze the motivation,satisfaction,and loyalty of tourists to national historic and cultural cities with concentrations of ethnic minorities.Through the questionnaire survey on the experience of tourists during their stay in Dali Ancient City,the study identified two motivations related to their visit:cultural motivation and multi-factor motivation,such as delicious food,enjoying holidays.By identifying and understanding the type,motivation,behavior,perception,and experience of tourists in national historic and cultural cities,it was hoped to provide reference for destination management and formulation of corresponding countermeasures.In addition,this study also discussed how tourist motivation analysis contributed to higher satisfaction and loyalty of tourists to a destination.