Dried kelp is one of the most important Japanese foods mainly used as base ingredient. Holdfasts, or rhizoids, of kelp are usually discarded, as rocks, shells, ropes and other contaminants are entangled among them. Th...Dried kelp is one of the most important Japanese foods mainly used as base ingredient. Holdfasts, or rhizoids, of kelp are usually discarded, as rocks, shells, ropes and other contaminants are entangled among them. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the preparation of activated carbon from holdfasts of <em>Saccharina japonica</em>, a popular kelp harvested in Japan, is possible by a chemical activation technique utilizing zinc chloride, and to study the influence of the process parameters, such as carbonization temperature and the composition of the activator. Under the examined experimental conditions, maximum specific surface area of 1.7 × 10<sup>3</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/g, larger than that of a commercial activated carbon, was observed at 600℃ and the zinc chloride composition of 75 mass%.展开更多
Numerous macro-organisms of the Doushantuo macrobiota,which were found in the black carbonaceous mudstone of the upper Neoproterozoic Ediacraan Doushan-tuo Formation in Jiangkou County,Guizhou Province,China,are consi...Numerous macro-organisms of the Doushantuo macrobiota,which were found in the black carbonaceous mudstone of the upper Neoproterozoic Ediacraan Doushan-tuo Formation in Jiangkou County,Guizhou Province,China,are considered to live on sea floor by their holdfasts.The appearance and preserved forms of the macroalgal holdfasts may provide some data to the study of the living and buried environments of macrobiota.They lived in the lower energy and clear environment,and fixed on a soupground with rich water(about 79%water).Currents,possibly ocean currents,could pull out the macroalgal holdfasts from the soupground and break off the macroalgal foliations.After such events,the corpses of macro-organisms would be covered in a reduced environment by the deposits.Afterwards,a new community,including regenerating and undying macro-organisms,lived continuously on a new deposit.展开更多
目的探讨内镜下腕管切开减压术(endoscop ic carpal tunnel release,ECTR)中切断屈肌支持带远侧纤维束(d istal holdfast fibers of the flexor retinacu lum,DHFFR)的必要性。方法观察组16例,臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,不使用止血带,皮肤1 cm切...目的探讨内镜下腕管切开减压术(endoscop ic carpal tunnel release,ECTR)中切断屈肌支持带远侧纤维束(d istal holdfast fibers of the flexor retinacu lum,DHFFR)的必要性。方法观察组16例,臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,不使用止血带,皮肤1 cm切口,内镜下应用USE系列切断腕管横韧带和DHFFR,与对照组16例单纯切断腕管横韧带进行疗效比较。结果术后6个月功能随访,按照Kelly疗效评定标准,观察组优13例,良3例;对照组优8例,良5例,可3例,2组浜田Ⅱ、Ⅲ级疗效差异有显著性(2χ=6.278,P=0.043)。2组均无严重并发症及术后复发。结论对浜田Ⅱ、Ⅲ级腕管综合征者术中注意腕横韧带切断不是唯一的目标,同时切断DHFFR才能彻底减压。展开更多
The large-scale green tide caused by Ulva has occurred successively in the Yellow Sea since 2007,and new events of green tide also continued to appear in nearby sea areas,indicating an undergoing rapid development of ...The large-scale green tide caused by Ulva has occurred successively in the Yellow Sea since 2007,and new events of green tide also continued to appear in nearby sea areas,indicating an undergoing rapid development of occurrence patterns for harmful macroalgal blooms(HMBs)along coastal China.In August 2021,a green tide occurred for the first time in Bayuquan sea area of Yingkou city,Liaoning Province in the Bohai Sea.In this study,morphological and molecular approaches were used to identify the causative species as U.meridionalis,an alien subtropical alga previously found to dominate green tides in the South China Sea.According to the hydrological data of Bayuquan in summer 2021,combined with morphological and developmental observations for this alga,we hypothesized that the disturbance caused by the typhoon In-Fa might have detached the local U.meridionalis from substrates,especially for those thalli with poorly developed holdfasts,and the ensuing wave-free period with unusually high temperature,which fell in the reported optimum growth temperature for U.meridionalis,might have provided the favorable conditions for the final bloom of the floating seaweeds.This is the first report on the bloom of subtropical U.meridionalis in the north temperate sea zone,indicating that the ecological risk of causing green tides in the future by this rapidly spreading species deserves high attention.展开更多
Algae of the order Laminariales represent main seaweed resource of Russia, Most important commercial species formerly belonged to Laminaria Lamoroux. However, taxonomic revision of this genus and resurrection of Sacch...Algae of the order Laminariales represent main seaweed resource of Russia, Most important commercial species formerly belonged to Laminaria Lamoroux. However, taxonomic revision of this genus and resurrection of Saccharina Stackhouse based on genetic studies resulted in transfer of most Laminaria species to Saccharina. At the Russian Pacific coasts Saccharina now includes 10 species, while only three species for sure represent Laminaria： L. longipes Bory de Saint-Vincent, L. solidungula J. Agardh, L. yezoensis Miyabe, their placement within Laminaria is supported by genetic data. All examined Far Eastern species of Saccharina are noticed to possess haptera in the form of rhizoids, whereas members of Laminaria have disk-like holdfasts （L. solidungula, L. yezoensis）, or creeping rhizomes （L. longipes）. Three unstudied genetically endemics from the Sea of Okhotsk： L. appressirhiza Petrov et Vozzhinskaya, L. inclinatorhiza Petrov et Vozzhinskaya, L. multiplicata Petrov et Suchovejeva, are still left within Laminaria, but they have rhizoids, so most probably belong to Saccharina. This morphological criterion is inapplicable to Atlantic Laminaria since the type species L. digitata （Hudson） Lamouroux has rhizoids.展开更多
Macroalga Gesinella,a carbonaceous compression,is found in the upper part of Doushantuo Formation(Ediacaran)in the Yangtze Platform of South China.Morphologically,it is composed of a thallus(including an oval or oblon...Macroalga Gesinella,a carbonaceous compression,is found in the upper part of Doushantuo Formation(Ediacaran)in the Yangtze Platform of South China.Morphologically,it is composed of a thallus(including an oval or oblong lamina and a short-rod-like stipe)and a holdfast(including a cone-shaped rhizome and many filamentous rhizoids).The cone-shaped rhizome connects with the stipe and the long rhizoids grew on the rhizome,meaning that the rhizome grew downwards and inserted into the sediment,while the rhizoids grew in the gaps between the sediment grains to anchor its body on the seafloor.On the lamina,branching and/or unbranching filaments are regularly distributed,so that the oval or oblong lamina can be interpreted as a sac-like body that has been compressed.The filaments on the lamina extend from the three-dimensionally preserved stipe,suggesting that the short-rod-like stipe may have been flexible to support the sac-like body in the water column.With tissue and organ differentiations,Gesinella can be regarded as a eukaryotic macroalga and a high-level metaphyte.Based on measurement and analysis of 108 specimens,the Ediacaran macroalga Gesinella from South China can be divided into three stages:juvenile stage(<3 mm maximum width)identified with difficulty,adult stage(3e10 mm maximum width)interpreted to have grown upwards for sunlight,and senescent stage(>10 mm maximum width)that grew sideways.展开更多
文摘Dried kelp is one of the most important Japanese foods mainly used as base ingredient. Holdfasts, or rhizoids, of kelp are usually discarded, as rocks, shells, ropes and other contaminants are entangled among them. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the preparation of activated carbon from holdfasts of <em>Saccharina japonica</em>, a popular kelp harvested in Japan, is possible by a chemical activation technique utilizing zinc chloride, and to study the influence of the process parameters, such as carbonization temperature and the composition of the activator. Under the examined experimental conditions, maximum specific surface area of 1.7 × 10<sup>3</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/g, larger than that of a commercial activated carbon, was observed at 600℃ and the zinc chloride composition of 75 mass%.
基金We would like to thank Zhao Y L,Yu M Y,Peng J,He M H and Huang L H for assistance in the field work.This study was supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.J-2006-09)the SinoPec project(No.G0800-08-ZS-319)the Project Building Foundation of Guizhou University.
文摘Numerous macro-organisms of the Doushantuo macrobiota,which were found in the black carbonaceous mudstone of the upper Neoproterozoic Ediacraan Doushan-tuo Formation in Jiangkou County,Guizhou Province,China,are considered to live on sea floor by their holdfasts.The appearance and preserved forms of the macroalgal holdfasts may provide some data to the study of the living and buried environments of macrobiota.They lived in the lower energy and clear environment,and fixed on a soupground with rich water(about 79%water).Currents,possibly ocean currents,could pull out the macroalgal holdfasts from the soupground and break off the macroalgal foliations.After such events,the corpses of macro-organisms would be covered in a reduced environment by the deposits.Afterwards,a new community,including regenerating and undying macro-organisms,lived continuously on a new deposit.
文摘目的探讨内镜下腕管切开减压术(endoscop ic carpal tunnel release,ECTR)中切断屈肌支持带远侧纤维束(d istal holdfast fibers of the flexor retinacu lum,DHFFR)的必要性。方法观察组16例,臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,不使用止血带,皮肤1 cm切口,内镜下应用USE系列切断腕管横韧带和DHFFR,与对照组16例单纯切断腕管横韧带进行疗效比较。结果术后6个月功能随访,按照Kelly疗效评定标准,观察组优13例,良3例;对照组优8例,良5例,可3例,2组浜田Ⅱ、Ⅲ级疗效差异有显著性(2χ=6.278,P=0.043)。2组均无严重并发症及术后复发。结论对浜田Ⅱ、Ⅲ级腕管综合征者术中注意腕横韧带切断不是唯一的目标,同时切断DHFFR才能彻底减压。
基金Supported by the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41776153)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0901500)the Key Deployment Project of Centre for Ocean Mega-Research of ScienceChinese Academy of Science(No.COMS2019Q05)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2019GSF107012)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23050302)。
文摘The large-scale green tide caused by Ulva has occurred successively in the Yellow Sea since 2007,and new events of green tide also continued to appear in nearby sea areas,indicating an undergoing rapid development of occurrence patterns for harmful macroalgal blooms(HMBs)along coastal China.In August 2021,a green tide occurred for the first time in Bayuquan sea area of Yingkou city,Liaoning Province in the Bohai Sea.In this study,morphological and molecular approaches were used to identify the causative species as U.meridionalis,an alien subtropical alga previously found to dominate green tides in the South China Sea.According to the hydrological data of Bayuquan in summer 2021,combined with morphological and developmental observations for this alga,we hypothesized that the disturbance caused by the typhoon In-Fa might have detached the local U.meridionalis from substrates,especially for those thalli with poorly developed holdfasts,and the ensuing wave-free period with unusually high temperature,which fell in the reported optimum growth temperature for U.meridionalis,might have provided the favorable conditions for the final bloom of the floating seaweeds.This is the first report on the bloom of subtropical U.meridionalis in the north temperate sea zone,indicating that the ecological risk of causing green tides in the future by this rapidly spreading species deserves high attention.
文摘Algae of the order Laminariales represent main seaweed resource of Russia, Most important commercial species formerly belonged to Laminaria Lamoroux. However, taxonomic revision of this genus and resurrection of Saccharina Stackhouse based on genetic studies resulted in transfer of most Laminaria species to Saccharina. At the Russian Pacific coasts Saccharina now includes 10 species, while only three species for sure represent Laminaria： L. longipes Bory de Saint-Vincent, L. solidungula J. Agardh, L. yezoensis Miyabe, their placement within Laminaria is supported by genetic data. All examined Far Eastern species of Saccharina are noticed to possess haptera in the form of rhizoids, whereas members of Laminaria have disk-like holdfasts （L. solidungula, L. yezoensis）, or creeping rhizomes （L. longipes）. Three unstudied genetically endemics from the Sea of Okhotsk： L. appressirhiza Petrov et Vozzhinskaya, L. inclinatorhiza Petrov et Vozzhinskaya, L. multiplicata Petrov et Suchovejeva, are still left within Laminaria, but they have rhizoids, so most probably belong to Saccharina. This morphological criterion is inapplicable to Atlantic Laminaria since the type species L. digitata （Hudson） Lamouroux has rhizoids.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41762001 and 42172035)the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province,China(Grant No.2021-4001)the China Geological Survey(compilation of international geomaps through cooperation of China,Russia and Mongolia,DD20221648).
文摘Macroalga Gesinella,a carbonaceous compression,is found in the upper part of Doushantuo Formation(Ediacaran)in the Yangtze Platform of South China.Morphologically,it is composed of a thallus(including an oval or oblong lamina and a short-rod-like stipe)and a holdfast(including a cone-shaped rhizome and many filamentous rhizoids).The cone-shaped rhizome connects with the stipe and the long rhizoids grew on the rhizome,meaning that the rhizome grew downwards and inserted into the sediment,while the rhizoids grew in the gaps between the sediment grains to anchor its body on the seafloor.On the lamina,branching and/or unbranching filaments are regularly distributed,so that the oval or oblong lamina can be interpreted as a sac-like body that has been compressed.The filaments on the lamina extend from the three-dimensionally preserved stipe,suggesting that the short-rod-like stipe may have been flexible to support the sac-like body in the water column.With tissue and organ differentiations,Gesinella can be regarded as a eukaryotic macroalga and a high-level metaphyte.Based on measurement and analysis of 108 specimens,the Ediacaran macroalga Gesinella from South China can be divided into three stages:juvenile stage(<3 mm maximum width)identified with difficulty,adult stage(3e10 mm maximum width)interpreted to have grown upwards for sunlight,and senescent stage(>10 mm maximum width)that grew sideways.
