The Psychological Experience of the Nursing Staff of the Medical Oncology Department in Cameroon: Case of the YaoundéGeneral Hospital

Background: The world of cancer care is an emotional place, given the severity of the disease being treated, the heavy workload, the suffering of patients, and the high number of deaths. The nursing staff who work there may be exposed to constant stress from these factors. This study aimed to explore the psychological experience of the nursing staff of the Medical Oncology Department of the Yaoundé General Hospital. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study, in June 2017, involving the nursing staff of the Medical Oncology Department of the Yaoundé General Hospital. Results: Sixteen out of 18 nurses were interviewed. All had worked in at least one other department prior to Oncology. The number of years of experience in Oncology ranged from less than one year to 13 years. The choice of the Oncology department was involuntary for 100% of the staff;of these, 62% had intentions of changing departments. Twenty-five percent had applied for a change of department, which was unsuccessful. Stress was expressed by 94% of the staff;93% thought that there was a solution to the stress experienced on a daily basis in the Oncology department. The main solutions proposed to manage this stress were: support for the staff, provision of work materials, and staff training. Conclusion: The nursing staff of the Medical Oncology Department of the Yaoundé General Hospital experiences a high level of stress and are in need of solutions.

Acute Fevers in the Medical Unit of the Medical-Surgical Emergency Department of the Donka National Hospital

Introduction: Fever is a high core temperature ≥ 37.5°C in the morning and 37.8°C in the evening. It is acute when it evolves from 0 to 20 days. Very common in clinical practice, the etiological diagnosis, particularly in developing and tropical countries, is often a challenge for clinicians due to their diversity and the limited availability of diagnostic tools. There is a wide spectrum of etiological diagnoses including infectious causes and non-infectious causes. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of fevers acute at the medical unit in the medico-surgical emergency department of the Donka National Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 03 months (January 01, 2022 to March 31, 2022). We included in this study all patients seen in the medical unit, whose age ≥ 18 years, without distinction of sex, from any origin, with an axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C in the morning and 37.8°C in the evening, evolving from 0 to 20 days, hospitalized or followed on an outpatient basis, and having given verbal consent. Results: Of a total of 1087 patients seen, 466 had an acute fever. The mean age was 40.04 ± 18.91 years (18 and 96 years). The female sex (58.15%) was predominant with a sex ratio of 0.72. Malaria (50.86%) was the main diagnosis. The treatment consisted of compressed paracetamol (59.01%), arthemether + lumefantrine (50.85%). Conclusion: The incidence of acute fevers is high in the medical unit of the medico-surgical emergency department of the Donka National Hospital. Malaria was the main pathology. Treatment was etiological and symptomatic. This high incidence could be explained by the fact that Guinea is an endemic malaria zone. A study taking into account other etiological factors would be of great interest.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Chinese PLA General Hospital (National Key Discipline)

Institute of Otolaryngology of Chinese PLA ( Key Laboratory for the Prevention of Acoustic Trauma,PLA)Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Science(Chinese PLA Medical School)Ministry of Education Led by four generations of leadership from late Prof. JIANG Sichang (academician, Chinese Academy of Engineering), Prof.YANG Weiyan (Honorary President, Division of Otolaryngology

Probabilistic Antibiotic Therapy in the Infectious Diseases Department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU-YO) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: In Burkina Faso, as in most developing countries, limited access to biological tests forces practitioners to resort very often to probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of this prescription. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department in the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2020. The records of patients who received probabilistic antibiotic therapy were included. Results: During the study period, 330 patients had received probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The majority of patients were male (53%), with a sex ratio of 1.12. The mean age of the patients was 33 years ± 14. The age range of 20 to 40 years was the most represented (42%). Fifteen percent (15%) of patients were living with HIV. The majority of patients were from urban areas (56.4%). Forty-nine percent (49%) of the patients worked in the informal sector. Clinically, the reasons for consultation were dominated by fever, alteration of general condition, neurological disorders, digestive disorders, respiratory signs, urinary signs and diffuse pain. The physical examination showed that 48.1% of the patients had meningeal irritation syndrome, 10% had convulsions and 10% had focal signs, trismus was present in 4% of the patients and facial paralysis in 3%. In the digestive system, hepatomegaly was present in 29% of patients and digestive candidiasis in 31%. Respiratory examination showed crepitus and fluid effusion syndrome in 26.83% and 20.62% of patients respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was dominated by bacterial meningitis, salmonellosis and bronchopneumonia with banal germs. In terms of treatment, the beta-lactam family of drugs was the most prescribed. They were followed by aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The evolution was marked by the death of 50 patients (15%). Conclusion: The most prescribed molecules belong to the family of Beta-lactam. And this prescription improved the outcome of patients. Bacterial susceptibility studies will allow better orientation of probabilistic antibiotic therapy in order to limit the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria.

The Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,PLA General Hospital (national key academic unit) The PLA Institute of Otolaryngology (PLA key laboratory for acoustic trauma) The PLA Medical College Department of Deafness Education Key Laboratory

Led by four generations of leadership from late Prof.JIANG Sichang(academician,Chinese Academy of Engineering),Prof.YANG Weiyan(Honorary President,Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Chinese Medical Association),Prof.HAN Dongyi(President Elected,Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Chinese Medical Association)to now Prof.YANG Shiming(President,Division of Otolaryngologists,

Rate of Inappropriate Imaging Utilization by the Emergency Department in Community Hospitals

Objective: To retrospectively analyse the use of imaging studies in the Emergency Department of community hospitals using evidence based guidelines and clinical judgement. Methods: Medical records of 661 patients who visited the Emergency Department (ED) in 2015 and underwent imaging studies were reviewed. The Canadian Association of Radiologists, American College of Radiologists and Choosing Wisely Canada guidelines were used to determine the appropriateness of imaging studies. The use of prior patient imaging, the rate at which studies were repeated and the respective impacts on patient management of the imaging studies were also examined. Results: Of the 1056 imaging studies reviewed, 228 (22%) were found to be clinical situations where no imaging study was indicated while 168 (16%) were considered a suboptimal choice of imaging study or modality. When no study was recommended, a positive impact on the diagnosis was noted in 105 (46%) cases and on patient management 83 (36%) times. Notably, 219 (21%) patients had a relevant examination performed in the last 30 days, and 147 (14%) reports noted that the results of the prior study also concurred with the imaging study evaluated. Conclusion: In this study, 228 (22%) radiographs and CT studies, excluding MVC related imaging and extremity imaging, were not indicated based on appropriateness criteria and consequently had a limited impact on patient management. This supports the need for increased clinical decision support for ED physicians, regional health information exchanges and consideration of Computerized Physician Order Entry in the ED with embedded appropriateness criteria at the point of ordering.

Emergency department visits and hospital admissions in kidney transplant recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic:A hospitalbased study

BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated that the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has affected daily living and the healthcare system.No previous study has described the consequences of COVID-19 on emergency department(ED)visits and hospital admission among kidney transplant(KT)recipients.AIM To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ED visits and hospital admissions within 1 year in patients who underwent KT in Thailand.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study at a university hospital in Thailand.We reviewed the hospital records of KT patients who visited the ED during the outbreak of COVID-19(from January 2020 to December 2021).We used the previous 2 years as the control period in the analysis.We obtained baseline demographics and ED visit characteristics for each KT patient.The outcomes of interest were ED visits and ED visits leading to hospital admission within the 1^(st)year following a KT.The rate of ED visits and ED visits leading to hospital admissions between the two periods were compared using the stratified Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS A total of 263 patients were included in this study:112 during the COVID-19 period and 151 during the control period.There were 34 and 41 ED visits after KT in the COVID-19 and control periods,respectively.The rate of first ED visit at 1 year was not significantly different in the COVID-19 period,compared with the control period[hazard ratio(HR)=1.02,95%confidence interval(CI):0.54-1.92;P=0.96].The hospital admission rate was similar between periods(HR=0.92,95%CI:0.50-1.69;P=0.78).CONCLUSION ED visits and hospital admissions within the 1st year in KT recipients were not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.Despite these findings,we believe that communication between post-KT patients and healthcare providers is essential to highlight the importance of prompt ED visits for acute health conditions,particularly in post-KT patients.

Trends in mortality of emergency departments patients in China

BACKGROUND: Emergency medical service system (EMSS) in China is becoming more important. However, studies on mortality of emergency departments (EDs) patients in tertiary hospitals and on the trends in mortality of ED patients all over China are stagnant. The objective of this study was to quantify and describe the trends in mortality of ED patients in China. METHODS: Nine tertiary teaching hospitals were selected from tertiary teaching hospitals in different regions. The annual numbers of ED visits and deaths of these hospitals in 2004, 2009 and 2014 were recorded and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to compare the mortality of the EDs’ visits. Moreover, data on the mortality of ED patients in China from 2005 to 2015 were summarized and analyzed from the China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbooks (2006–2016). RESULTS: From 2004 to 2014, the overall annual mortalities in EDs increased among the tertiary hospitals (P<0.001). However, the overall annual mortality in EDs all over China decreased from 0.12% in 2005 to 0.08% in 2015. And the mortalities of EDs patients in the eastern, central and western regions of China all decreased. In addition, the average mortality of EDs patients in northern China was obviously higher than that in southern China (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The ED mortality was increased in tertiary hospitals while decreased all over China during the past decade, which may be partly caused by some critical challenges faced by China’s EMSS, such as overcrowding and long length of stay in EDs of tertiary hospitals.

Experiences of Occupational Stress among Emergency Nurses at Private Hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand

Introduction: Occupational stress has negative effects on employee’s health and organizational productivity. Nurses in emergency department are more exposed to stress than nurses in other departments. Aim: To explore nurses’ experiences of occupational stress in emergency departments in private hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand. Design: A descriptive qualitative design, with a deductive approach based on the Job Demand-Control-Support model was used. Methods: Fifteen emergency department nurses at two different hospitals were interviewed and the data were analyzed using a manifest content analysis. Results: Three main categories: “work context is an issue”, “consequences of reactions to stress”, and “coping with work stress”, including seven sub-categories emerged from the data analysis. Conclusion: The patients’ and their relatives’ behaviors were experienced as the primary stressor at the private hospital, in addition to excessive work tasks. Other important stressors were misunderstanding and conflicts between emergency department nurses and the other health care professionals, presumably related to hierarchy and power relations between health care professions. Creating a better working environment and a balance between the number of patients and nurses would reduce workload and stress, encourage ED nurses to stay in the profession and ultimately maintain patient safety.

The Application of the “3 + 1” Mode in the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control at the Infection Ward of a Designated Comprehensive Hospital for COVID-19 Treatment

Objective: We assess the application effect of the “3 + 1” mode in the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control at the infection ward of a designated comprehensive hospital for COVID-19 treatment. Method: Based on the features of the inpatients of the infection ward and their relatives, a “3 + 1” mode for the COVID-19 prevention and control is developed to conform to the demands for epidemic prevention and control and the overall prevention and control scheme of the whole hospital. Here, “3” stands for the epidemic prevention and control system, personnel management, and prevention and control measures;“1” stands for COVID-19 testing. Result: From March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, a total of 3056 patients were hospitalized in the three infection wards. Among them, 265 patients had a fever, and 113 patients had respiratory symptoms. None of them were infected with COVID-19. The participation rate of the test about the knowledge related to COVID-19 and the knowledge mastery rate were both 100% among the medical staff. None of the inpatients and their companions or the medical staff was diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusion: Thus the “3 + 1” mode proves successful for avoiding nosocomial infection and the spread of the epidemic.

Application and Exploration of BPR Theory in Hospital Financial Management under Informatization

In recent years,people's work and life have been unable to break away from the application of technology and information industry.However,the booming and huge influence of big data and information age has a greater impact on people.In this form,the traditional model of public hospitals has a huge collision with it,so it actively seeks a way out and actively develops it.In the subsequent development,it needs to abandon the financial management mode of inefficiency,energy consumption,etc.,advanced financial management model to improve the financial management of public hospitals.This paper mainly studies the application and exploration of BPR theory in hospital financial management under the informationization.Firstly,it discusses and analyzes the BPR theory in detail.Secondly,it combines the status quo of public hospitals to reconstruct the information management financial management plan.Before and after the comparison,the application is applied to the daily financial management of the hospital according to the actual situation.

Developing Additional Hospital Capacity at the Community Level

Hospitals in the United States are being challenged to provide the capacity for adult medicine and surgery care. The study suggested that the hospitals of Syracuse, New York have generated additional inpatient capacity through a number of efforts. One program involved moving some low severity of illness inpatient procedures to ambulatory care. A different approach has also avoided inpatient utilization by diverting incoming ambulances to different providers. The third program evaluated in the study, length of stay reduction, was a different type of initiative. It has generated additional inpatient capacity by reducing the amount of inpatient care provided. In effect, it has increased inpatient capacity by addressing the efficiency of care. These programs illustrate the potential for improving hospital capacity at the community level. Each of them was developed by acute care providers using local services.

Clinical profile of medication-related emergencies among patients presenting to the emergency department:An observational study

Objective:To determine the clinical profile of patients presenting with medication-related emergencies to the Emergency Department of our institute.Methods:This was an observational study conducted between November 2018 and September 2020 at Bangalore Baptist Hospital,Karnataka.A total of 138 subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the study.The severity of adverse drug reactions(ADR)is assessed based on the Hurwitz severity assessment scale of ADR.Glasgow coma scale at the time of presentation and source of medication were noted.The type of drug overdose,requirement of advanced airway and vasopressors,and the outcome were also assessed.Results:Among medication-related emergencies(n=138)in our study,ADR contributed to 70.3%(n=97)of the study population,and drug overdose accounted for 29.7%(n=41).One-third of the ADR occurred in patients aged above 60 years.Most patients were hemodynamically stable and did not require vasopressors,or advanced airway in both groups.Most patients had Glasgow coma scale ranging from 13-15 in both groups.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most used medicine(17/41,41.5%)and most medications were over the counter drugs(25/41,61.0%)in the drug overdose group;meanwhile in the ADR group,anti-diabetic medication was the most used medicine(34/97,35.1%)and most medications were prescribed in the ADR group(93/97,95.9%).Conclusions:Our study shows that ADR is the most common type of medication-related emergency.

护理主导多部门协作管理提升血培养标本质量的效果研究

目的 :评价护理主导的多部门协作管理模式对血培养标本质量提升的效果,为护理临床实践和质量改进提供参考。方法 :成立护理主导多部门协作管理团队,开展质量改进,比较措施实施前后血培养标本送检率、合格率、污染率,以及护士血培养知识、态度、行为的变化。结果 :2023年5月—6月血培养标本送检率、送检方式为双瓶双侧的比例分别为19.1%、61.3%,高于2022年同期的4.7%、35.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2023年5月—6月和2022年同期污染率分别为2.9%和3.8%,呈下降趋势;2023年护士血培养相关知识、态度、行为得分分别为(12.69±2.81)、(5.89±0.44)、(36.73±3.40)分,高于2018年的(7.89±2.79)、(5.82±0.52)、(30.81±4.35)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 :护理主导多部门协作管理模式下的质量改进策略,提高了血培养标本送检率和合格率,降低了血培养标本污染率,提高了护士血培养的知识、态度、行为水平,体现了护士在院感防控工作中的价值。

我国三级医院急诊病人激增应对方式调查

目的:了解我国三级医院急诊病人激增应对方式。方法:于2023年1月—3月选取我国54所三级医院急诊科作为研究对象,其中,东部地区26所(48.1%),中部地区10所(18.5%),西部地区18所(33.3%)。采用自行编制的中国不同地区医院急诊病人激增应对方式调查问卷进行调查。结果:三级医院急诊病人激增后日均急诊量增幅达87.5%,急诊日均候诊时间整体延长(Z=-5.560,P<0.001),东部地区三级医院急诊病人激增后72 h出抢救室病人比例较激增前下降(P<0.05)。面对急诊病人激增,各三级医院采取的应对措施包括增加急诊床位数和出诊医生诊位、增设专门收治新型冠状病毒感染病人的病房、增加重点设备投入、调配医护人员支援急诊等。东部地区三级医院急诊候诊时间变化率与医患比变化率(r=-0.418,P=0.034)、护患比变化率(r=-0.469,P=0.016)、互联网诊疗变化率(r=-0.684,P=0.020)均呈负相关,东部地区三级医院抢救室滞留时间变化率与护患比变化率呈负相关(r=-0.422,P=0.032),中西部地区三级医院抢救室滞留时间变化率与留观室床位变化率呈正相关(r=0.405,P=0.036)。结论:急诊科应不断优化人力、床位、仪器设备等医疗资源配置,探索急危重症病人“互联网+”新模式,进一步提升重大传染病的应对能力。

某三甲儿童医院门诊多学科协作诊疗特点与服务模式探索

目的:总结儿童专科医院门诊多学科协作诊疗(MDT)的特点,探索适合儿童医院的门诊MDT服务模式。方法:组建门诊多学科会诊专家团队,制定门诊多学科会诊制度与流程图,会诊流程标准化,门诊部设专人负责组织专家开展门诊MDT,建立门诊多学科会诊病例资料库,登记患者姓名、年龄、会诊原因、申请会诊途径、疾病转归等内容。结果:2021年6月至2023年3月共开展门诊MDT会诊220例。年龄段分布特点,大于5岁患儿107例(48.6%),占比最高;从申请门诊MDT原因统计,需要明确诊断150例(68.2%)是门诊MDT申请的首要原因;网络预约205例(93.2%)是最重要途径,现场分诊和首诊科室申请是次要途径;实施多学科会诊前,专科门诊就诊一次病例数123例(55.9%),就诊3次及以上60例(27.3%);患者转归结果显示,120例(54.5%)患儿痊愈,46例(20.90%)患儿治疗后好转;门诊满意度比较,2020-2022年门诊满意度逐年增高(P<0.01);患儿疾病涉及多系统133例(60.5%),疾病涉及一个系统的患儿87例(39.5%)。结论:儿童专科医院门诊MDT能充分发挥各科专业优势,实现跨学科专业互补及优势学科的强强联合,有利于疾病早期发现、精准诊断;“一站式”诊疗服务模式,优化了就诊流程,提高了就诊效率,改善了就医体验,提升了门诊患者满意度。

四川大学华西医院职能部门实绩量化考核体系探析

目的:剖析四川大学华西医院职能部门绩效考核体系,综合运用多种考核方法建立实绩量化考核体系,为卫生主管行政部门提供决策参考。方法:通过改良专家咨询法和头脑风暴法,结合工作实际,优化职能部门考核指标并科学设置权重。结果:构建以党建考核、综合考核、360°测评和加减分项等多维实绩量化的职能部门考核体系。咨询专家对一级指标的重要性、合理性、可测量性、可考核性评分和认可度均较高。结论:适度压力下公立医院职能部门实绩量化考核能有效激发团队最佳绩效。考核导向应前瞻发展,考核主体应客观中性,考核指标应量化公正,考核方法应科学有效,考核结果应综合运用,考核体系应持续改进。

公立医院设置科室运营助理的实践与思考

北京清华长庚医院基于现代组织理论,设置了科室运营管理助理岗位,系统规划了运营助理的岗位职责与运行机制、组建条件、技术路径,取得了一定的成效。但是科室运营助理的职能范围、隶属关系及其与科主任的关系等问题尚需进一步理顺,以为公立医院实现精细化运营管理和高质量发展提供经验借鉴。

某医院耳鼻喉科DRG病组成本核算的实践探索

目的成本核算是医院精细化运营的重要环节,文章梳理了医院DRG成本核算流程,以耳鼻喉科为案例进行实践探讨,为医院DRG成本核算工作的顺利实施提供参考。方法以耳鼻喉科10个DRG病组为核算案例,包括选取DD29鼻腔、鼻窦组病例,对其病种临床路径前后的费用及成本进行单因素分析。结果经研究发现,是否进入临床路径对患者的费用及成本有显著影响。结论临床路径有助于建立规范化的DRG病种成本核算体系,通过成本数据优化DRG分组结果,构建全流程、整合式的医院成本核算信息系统。

北京市某三级口腔专科医院门急诊处方不合理情况分析

目的 点评分析北京大学口腔医学院口腔医院门急诊处方,了解处方质量和临床用药存在的问题,为促进合理用药提供参考。方法 随机抽取2021年7—12月该院门急诊处方6 000张,利用美康合理用药软件进行用药合理性初步筛查,再由药师进行人工复审,采用Excel软件对不合理处方进行分类统计及分析。结果 6 000张处方中,软件初筛不合理处方798张(含药品不合理条目828条),不合理率为13.30%。药师人工复审后确认不合理处方214张(含药品不合理条目219条),不合理率为3.57%,不合理条目类型为用法用量不适宜(112条,51.14%)、诊断描述不全(59条,26.94%)、遴选药品不适宜(15条,6.85%)、书写不规范(14条,6.39%)。不合理条目分布最多的科室为口腔黏膜科,占比50.68%。不合理条目数最多的药品为他克莫司软膏,占比30.59%,主要问题为用药频次不合理(超过规定次数)。结论 医院门急诊处方基本合理,但需关注用法用量、诊断描述等问题。合理用药软件有助于处方点评初筛但无效提醒较多、需定期改进,点评结果需要药师结合医药进展及临床实际情况进行人工审核后最终判定。可通过软件初筛结合人工复审并及时反馈问题、加强超说明书用药管理等手段,加强临床合理用药。