Driving inward growth of lithium metal in hollow microcapsule hosts by heteroatom‐controlled nucleation

The application of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is impeded by safety issues arising from the severe volume changes and formation of dendritic Li deposits.Three‐dimensional hollow carbon is receiving increasing attention as a host material capable of accommodating Li metal inside its cavity;however,uncontrollable and nonuniform deposition of Li remains a challenge.In this study,we synthesize metal–organic framework‐derived carbon microcapsules with heteroatom clusters(Zn and Ag)on the capsule walls and it is demonstrated that Ag‐assisted nucleation of Li metal alters the outward‐to‐inward growth in the microcapsule host.Zn‐incorporated microcapsules are prepared via chemical etching of zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 polyhedra and are subsequently decorated with Ag by a galvanic displacement reaction between Ag^(+) and metallic Zn.Galvanically introduced Ag significantly reduces the energy barrier and increases the reaction rate for Li nucleation in the microcapsule host upon Li plating.Through combined electrochemical,microstructural,and computational studies,we verify the beneficial role of Ag‐assisted Li nucleation in facilitating inward growth inside the cavity of the microcapsule host and,in turn,enhancing electrochemical performance.This study provides new insights into the design of reversible host materials for practical Li metal batteries.

Hatching and development of maize cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infecting different plant hosts

The occurrence, distribution, and rapid molecular detection technology of Heterodera zeae Koshy et al. 1971, have been reported in China. We explored the biological characteristics of H. zeae sampled in Henan Province, China to understand its interaction with plants. Cysts and second-stage juveniles(J2s) were identified under an optical and scanning electron microscope, internal transcribed spacer(ITS) phylogenetic tree, and sequence characterized amplified region(SCAR)-PCR analyses. The optimum hatching temperatures of H. zeae were 30°C and 28°C, with cumulative hatching rates of 16.5 and 16.1%, respectively, at 30 days post-hatching(dph). The hatching rate of H. zeae eggs was improved by 20-and 50-time maize soil leachate and root juice, and 10-time root exudates. The hatching rate in 10-time root exudates was the highest(25.9%). The 10-time root exudates of maize and millet produced the highest hatching rate at 30 dph(25.9 and 22.9%, respectively), followed by wheat(19.9%), barley(18.3%), and rice(17.6%). Heterodera zeae developed faster in maize than in other crops. Fourth-stage juveniles(J4s) were detected in maize roots 8 days post-inoculation(dpi) at 28°C but not in other crops. Combined with hatching tests, the Huang–Huai–Hai summer maize region and the south and central-southwest mountainous maize areas are highly suitable for H. zeae in China. This is the first systematically study of the hatching and infection characteristics on different plant hosts of corn cyst nematode H. zeae in temperate regions. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the rapid spread and high environmental adaptability of corn cyst nematode.

Study on Developmental Durations and Fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Four Species of Hosts

[Objective] The aim was to study on the effect of hosts on development and reproduction of mealybug （Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley）. [Method] Observation was conducted on developmental durations and fecundity of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley fed on Gossypium spp., Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum tuberosum L and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. [Result] There were differences among all durations, generation durations and fecundities of the mealybug adult females. Specifically, the generation durations on cotton （Gossypium spp.）, tobacco（ Nicotiana tabacum）, potato （Solanum tuberosum L） and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were 30.2, 28.2, 37.3, and 27.7 d, and the fecundities per female were 626.0, 417.2, 552.5, and 183.2 ind., respectively. [Conclusion] The mealybug would have strong pontential in population growth when fed on cotton, tobacco and potato.

Diversity of parasitic cuckoos and their hosts in China

In this exposé we provide the first review of host use by brood parasitic cuckoos in a multiple-cuckoo system in China, based on our own long-term field data and a compilation of observations obtained from the literature. In total, we found that 11 species of cuckoos utilized altogether 55 host species. These hosts belong to 15 families, in which Sylviidae, Turdidae and Timaliidae account for 22.6%, 20.8% and 17.0% of parasitism records, respectively. The Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) had the widest range of host species, accounting for 45.5% of the total number of parasitized species (25 in 10 families) of all parasitism records and is the most frequent brood parasite in the country. Cuckoo species differed in their egg coloration and the extent of egg polymorphism with most of them, e.g. the Common Cuckoo, the Lesser Cuckoo (C. poliocephalus) and the Plaintive Cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) laying well mimetic eggs with respect to their hosts based on human being’s visual observations, while others such as the Large Hawk-cuckoo (C. sparverioides), the Himalayan Cuckoo (C. saturatus) and the Asian Emerald Cuckoo (Chrysococcyx maculatus) usually laid non-mimetic eggs. The use of cuckoo hosts and egg color variation in China are compared with those in other parts of their ranges in Asia.

3D MXene architectures as sulfur hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are one of the most promising energy storage devices because of their high theoretical energy density;however,inherent issues including poor electrical conductivity and severe dissolution of S and its discharged products hinder their practical applications.MXenes have metallic conductivity,ultra-thin two-dimensional(2D)structures,rich surface functional groups,and macrostructural adjustability and have been widely used to design advanced sulfur hosts.3D network structures assembled by 2D MXene nanosheets have shown superior performance for improving reaction kinetics,accommodating and dispersing sulfur at the micro-/nanoscale,and capturing polysulfides due to their porous interconnected structure.Herein,the applications of MXene architectures related to 2D layered structures,3D multilayered structures,and 3D spherical structures as sulfur hosts are reviewed.The structure-performance relationship,challenges for current designs,and opportunities for future 3D architectures for LSBs are also analyzed.

Mesoporous Graphene Hosts for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode in Working Rechargeable Batteries

Lithium(Li) metal anode has received extensive attentions due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and the most negative electrode potential. However, dendrite growth severely impedes the practical applications of the Li metal anode in rechargeable batteries. In this contribution, a mesoporous graphene with a high specific surface area was synthesized to host the Li metal anode. The mesoporous graphene host(MGH) has a high specific surface area(2090 m^2/g), which affords free space and an interconnected conductive pathway for Li plating and stripping, thus alleviating the volume variation and reducing the generation of dead Li during repeated cycles. More importantly, the high specific surface area of MGH efficiently reduces the local current density of the electrode, which favors a uniform Li nucleation and plating behavior, rendering a dendritefree deposition morphology at a low overpotential. These factors synergistically boost the Li utilization(90.1% vs. 70.1% for Cu foil) and life span(150 cycles vs. 100 cycles for Cu foil) with a low polarization of MGH electrode at an ultrahigh current of 15.0 mA/cm^2. The as-prepared MGH can provide fresh insights into the electrode design of the Li metal anode operating at high rates.

Multifunctional roles of carbon-based hosts for Li-metal anodes:A review

With its high theoretical capacity,lithium(Li)metal is recognized as the most potential anode for realizing a high-performance energy storage system.A series of questions(severe safety hazard,low Coulombic efficiency,short lifetime,etc.)induced by uncontrollable dendrites growth,unstable solid electrolyte interface layer,and large volume change,make practical application of Li-metal anodes still a threshold.Due to their highly appealing properties,carbon-based materials as hosts to composite with Li metal have been passionately investigated for improving the performance of Li-metal batteries.This review displays an overview of the critical role of carbon-based hosts for improving the comprehensive performance of Li-metal anodes.Based on correlated mainstream models,the main failure mechanism of Li-metal anodes is introduced.The advantages and strategies of carbon-based hosts to address the corresponding challenges are generalized.The unique function,existing limitation,and recent research progress of key carbon-based host materials for Li-metal anodes are reviewed.Finally,a conclusion and an outlook for future research of carbon-based hosts are presented.This review is dedicated to summarizing the advances of carbon-based materials hosts in recent years and providing a reference for the further development of carbonbased hosts for advanced Li-metal anodes.

Bio-derived N-doped porous carbon as sulfur hosts for high performance lithium sulfur batteries

Shuttle effect,poor conductivity and large volume expansion are the main factors that hinder the practical application of sulfur cathodes.Currently,rational structure designing of carbon-based sulfur hosts is the most effective strategy to address the above issues.However,the preparation process of carbon-based sulfur hosts is usually complex and costly.Therefore,it is necessary to develop an efficient and cost-effective method to fabricate carbon hosts for high-performance sulfur cathodes.Herein,we reported the fabrication of a bio-derived nitrogen doped porous carbon materials(BNPC)via a molten-salt method for high performance sulfur cathodes.The long-range-ordered honeycomb structure of BNPC is favorable for the trapping of polysulfide(PS)species and accommodates the volumetric variation of sulfur during cycling,while the high graphitization degree of BNPC favors the redox kinetics of sulfur cathodes.Moreover,the nitrogen doping content not only enhances the electrical conductivity of BNPC,but also provides ample anchoring sites for the immobilization of PS,which plays a key role in suppressing the shuttle effect.As a result,the S@BNPC cathode exhibits a high initial specific capacity of 1189.4 mA·h/g at 0.2C.After 300 cycles,S@BNPC still maintains a capacity of 703.2 mA·h/g which corresponds to a fading rate of 0.13%per cycle after the second cycle.This work offers vast opportunities for the large-scale application of high performance carbon-based sulfur hosts.

Finger Printing and Quantitative Analysis of <i>Cuscuta chinensis</i>Flavonoid Contents from Different Hosts by RP-HPLC

Background: Cuscuta spp. known as dodders, have been used as traditional medicines in eastern and southern Asian countries for many disorders such as gastrointestinal, respiratory, endocrine, skin and neurological diseases (Drug of mania). Flavonoids are the main biologically active constituents in Cuscuta genus especially in C. chinensis. Our aim in this study was to identify and discriminate between C. chinensis samples which were collected from different hosts, by using the pattern recognition aided fingerprint analysis and comparison of the content of four major flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol). Material and methods: Samples were collected from nine different plants in the same time and place, dried, grinded and extracted with methanol (80%) by repeated maceration. Extractions were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography analysis and fingerprinting. Results: Beside chromatographic fingerprint using similarity index, we compared the content of 4 major flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol) of C. chinensis samples on different hosts. Coclusion: The results showed that there were significant differences between the content of four major flavonoids of nine C. chinensis samples, but chromatographic fingerprint by similarity index of more than 0.88, showed that the sample consistency was similar. So, it was suggested that combination of chromatographic fingerprint and the content determination of major flavonoids could be used to evaluate the quality control of C. chinensis from different hosts.

Hosts文件的作用与应用

本文通过对临汾市气象部门办公信息网中多个站、多次出现的问题的分析,找出原因所在,并针对性的做了分析并提出了解决的方法。介绍了HOSTS文件的功能,并根据HOSTS文件的功能,对我们工作中出现的问题给予解决和指导,在保障网络畅通、网络安全中都起到重要作用。

浅谈Hosts文件在Lotus Notes中的应用

介绍了HOSTS文件的功能,并根据HOSTS文件的功能,对我们工作中出现的问题给予解决和指导,在保障网络畅通、网络安全中都起到重要作用。

Hosts奥妙尽在IP

我们在安装Lotus Notes客户端的时候,必须编写一个名为"Hosts"的纯文本文件.众所周知,在微软的Windows系列操作系统中都有这个名为"Hosts"的纯文本文件(没有后缀名),在Windows9X系统上该文件在Windows目录下,在Windows2000XP系统中该文件位于C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\Etc目录中.如此简单的一个文本文件到底在Windows操作系统中扮演何种角色、发挥何等重要作用呢?

Experimental evaluation of Odonata nymph in the biocontrol of schistosomiasis intermediate hosts

Objective:To evaluate the predatory potential of the Odonata nymph on freshwater snails that serve as intermediate hosts for Schistosoma species(Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina).Methods:Observations on the searching,attacking and devouring of the two snail types with series of laboratory-based predation experiments,whose aims were to determine daily predation rate,differential predation,prey preference considering small-,mediumand large-sized snails were conducted.Results:Laboratory evaluation revealed that,the Odonata nymph could kill and consume the two intermediate hosts.The number of snails consumed differed according to the snail type,size and density.The times taken for searching and handling times were dependent on the snail size,type and satiation of the predator.The predation rate varied also with respect to snail type,size and density.This study also evaluated that Odonata nymphs consumed more Bulinus truncatus than Biomphalaria alexandrina per unit time,and that there may be a preference for smaller than larger snails.Conclusions:According to our observation,the predator,Hemianax ephippiger nymph may be a suitable biocontrol agent in connection with Schistosoma intermediate hosts.

Recent Advances in Carbon-Based Current Col lectors/Hosts for Alkali Metal Anodes

The urgent demand for high-energy-density storage systems evokes the research upsurge on the alkali metal batteries with high theoretical capacities.However,the utilization of alkali metal anodes,including Li,Na,and K,is significantly hindered by notorious dendrite growth,undesirable corrosion,and unstable solid electrolyte interface.In order to resolve these issues,the carbon materials for the rational design of current collector/host that can regulate the plating/stripping behavior of alkali metal have been exploited.These carbon-based current collectors/hosts are featured with many pivotal advantages,including mechanical integrity to accommodate the volume change,superior electronic/ionic conductivity,large available surface area,and rich functionalization chemistries to increase the affinity to alkali metal.In this review,the recent progress on various dimensional carbon-based current collectors/hosts with different chemical components in stabilizing the alkali metal anodes through the regulation of initial deposition and subsequent growth behavior during plating/stripping process is provided.The nanostructured carbon scaffolds with self-affinity to alkali metals,as well as the carbon frameworks with internal/external affinitive sites to alkali metals,catalogued by various dimensions,are discussed in this review.Therefore,these appealing strategies based on the carbon-based current collectors/hosts can provide a paradigm for the realization of high-energy-density alkali metal batteries.

Shanghai Hosts the World Engineers' Convention 2004

The World Engineers’ Convention2004(WEC2004)was held onNovember 2-6,2004 in Shanghai,China. The motto of the conventionis“Engineers Shape the SustainableFuture.”It advocates that engineersshould take the task of makingpeople’s life better and commit tocreating a new world.Engineers should be well awareof their responsibilities:developingnew technologies and making good

ZTE Hosts IEEE 10G-EPON Interoperability Showcase

Interoperability of symmetric 10G-EPON products was demonstrated successfully in Shanghai, China in April 2010. Interoperability among products was successfully demonstrated by four vendors： Broadcom, PMC-Sierra Opulan and ZTE. Each vendor supplied an OLT and a variety of ONUs （supporting both 1G-EPON and symmetric 10G-EPON）, connected in a multi-vendor

Interaction between Hosts and Guests of Rural Tourism in Northeast China Based on Symbolic Interaction Theory

With constant economic development and continuous improvement of living standards in Northeast China,rural tourism,as a new type of tourism,is increasingly favored. From the perspective of symbolic interaction theory,taking the current situation of rural tourism in Northeast China as an example,this paper explained the semiotic significance between hosts and guests in rural tourism. It established the evaluation indicators for authentic symbolic perception of rural tourism. Also,combined with the theories of sociology and anthropology,it studied the interaction between hosts and tourists of rural tourism in Northeast China.

Schistosomiasis Mansoni in the Amazon Region:Malacological Surveys of Intermediate Hosts for the Identification of Disease Transmission Areas in Belem,Para,Brazil

In Brazil,schistosomiasis occurrence is related to the presence of the etiological agent Schistosoma mansoni.The presence of mollusks for Biomphalaria genus is a necessary condition for development of the parasite cycle.In Parástate,the species B.schrammi,B.kuhniana,B.straminea and B.glabrata have already been identified,with reports of the last two occurring in Belém.The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of Biomphalaria species in Belém,Pará,Brazil,identifying risk areas for schistosomiasis transmission.Biannual malacological surveys were carried out between September 2013 and October 2017 in 35 neighborhoods of Belém.The collection points were georeferenced using a Global Positioning System(GPS)receiver and the Kernel Density Estimation(KDE)was used to the spatial analysis.The mollusks,after measurement,were exposed to light to verify the presence of S.mansoni cercariae.Subsequently,mollusks were sacrificed and fixed for dissection and morphological identification of species.The surveys resulted in a total of 10,803 mollusks collected,of which 9,367(86.70%)specimens were examined.Among the analyzed mollusks,5,820(62.14%)were identified as B.glabrata and 3,547(37.86%)as B.straminea.The presence of the parasite was observed in 208(2.22%)specimens,all B.glabrata.Positive mollusks were found in six neighborhoods:Guamá(51 mollusks/24.5%),Sacramenta(47 mollusks/22.6%),Telégrafo(47 mollusks/22.6%),Terra Firme(36 mollusks/17.3%),Condor(20 mollusks/9.6%)and Barreiro(7 mollusks/3.4%).This study confirms that B.glabrata species actively participates as intermediate host in the disease maintenance in Belém.The KDE allowed to analyze the spatial distribution of collection sites and consequently to determine possible risk areas of schistosomiasis transmission in Belem.The development of maps identifying sites with schistosomiasis positive snails may support efforts of this municipality by directing activities related to endemic disease control.

windows下hosts文件的作用

很多用户都知道在Window系统中有个Hosts文件（没有后缀名），在Windows98系统下该文件在Windows目录，在Windows2000／XP系统中位于C：WinntSystem32DriversEtc目录中。该文件其实是一个纯文本的文件，用普通的文本编辑软件如记事本等都能打开。