Suppressing the hot carrier injection degradation rate in total ionizing dose effect hardened nMOSFETs

Annular gate nMOSFETs are frequently used in spaceborne integrated circuits due to their intrinsic good capability of resisting total ionizing dose （TID） effect. However, their capability of resisting the hot carrier effect （HCE） has also been proven to be very weak. In this paper, the reason why the annular gate nMOSFETs have good TID but bad HCE resistance is discussed in detail, and an improved design to locate the source contacts only along one side of the annular gate is used to weaken the HCE degradation. The good TID and HCE hardened capability of the design are verified by the experiments for I/O and core nMOSFETs in a 0.18 μm bulk CMOS technology. In addition, the shortcoming of this design is also discussed and the TID and the HCE characteristics of the replacers （the annular source nMOSFETs） are also studied to provide a possible alternative for the designers.

Effects of atomic number Z on the energy distribution of hot electrons generated by femtosecond laser interaction with metallic targets

The effects of atomic number Z on the energy distribution of hot electrons generated by the interaction of 60fs, 130mJ, 800nm, and 7×10^17W/cm^2 laser pulses with metallic targets have been studied experimentally. The results show that the number and the effective temperature of hot electrons increase with the atomic number Z of metallic targets, and the temperature of hot electrons are in the range of 190-230keV, which is consistent with a scaling law of hot electrons temperature.

Effect of Hot Deformation on Microstructure and Hardness of In-situ TiB_2/7075 Composite

Hardness of the TiB2/7075 composite increased with increasing deformation temperature In the annealed TiB2/7075 composite, a great amount of fiber-like MgZn2 phases (about I μm in length) and small MgZn2 phases (about 100 nm in size) were precipitated nearby the grain boundaries where the TiB2 particles exist. After deformation at 3000 C, some of the large pre- cipitates and all the small precipitates in these area dissolved into the matrix, meanwhile, fine precipitates were formed in grains. After deformation at 450℃, all the precipitates in the an- nealed composite dissolved into the matrix, and new phases were precipitated in grains. The dissolution of the large fiber-like precipitate makes the saturation level of the matrix increased and leads to an increased solution hardening and natural aging, which contribute much to the hardening effect.

Rainfall-Interception Effect of Vegetation Restored Region of Gully in Arid-Hot Valley of Jinshajiang River

This paper divides the process of rainfall redistribution into four levels in vegetation restored region of gully in arid-hot valley of Jinshajiang River. These levels include arbor interception, litter interception, soil interception and surface runoff. The results showed that the maximum of interception was 8.10 mm, the mean interception was 4.53 mm, the maximum of interception rate was 56.10 % and the mean interception rate was 32.63 %.When the rainfall is over 20 mm, the interception rate descends rapidly along with the rainfall increasing. The maximum of water-holding content of litter was 8.14-20.33 t/hm^2, the mean of which is 12.52 t/hm^2 and the maximum of water-holding content was over two times of it own weight. The rainfall of litter interception was 150.24 mm, accounted for the rainfall income 24.48%.The maximum water-holding capacity of soil achieves 2 198.54 t/hm^2, but that of the barren land is 1 825.60 t/hm^2. The rainfall of soil interception was 219.87 mm, accounted for the rainfall income 35.82%. The surface runoff of vegetation restored region was 43.41 mm, accounted for 7.07% of the rainfall income, but the surface runoff of non-forest land was 413,24 mm, accounts for 70.26% of the rainfall income.The surface runoff of the planted forest community was by 63.19% lower than that of the non-forest land. Through the interception of the forest land that reduced the soil erosion effectively, good hydrology effect was obtained.

Effect of temperature on vacuum hot bulge forming of BT20 titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece

Temperature is one of the key parameters for BT20 titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece manufactured by vacuum hot bulge forming. A two-dimensional nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupled FE model was established. Numerical simulation of vacuum hot bulge forming process of titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece was carried out using FE analysis software MSC Marc. The effects of temperature on vacuum hot bulge forming of BT20 titanium alloy cylindrical workpiece were analyzed by numerical simulation. The simulated results show that the Y-direction displacement and the equivalent plastic strain of the workpiece increase with increasing bulge temperature. The residual stress decreases with increasing bulge temperature. The optimal temperature range of BT20 titanium alloy during vacuum hot bulge forming is 750-850 ℃. The corresponding experiments were carried out. The simulated results agreed well with the experimental results.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine inImproving Hot Flashes Symptom ofBreast Cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women. Around 50% of BC receptor-positive patients are hormone-dependent cases, and it is necessary for them to use endocrine after operation. Through inhibition of estrogen level

STUDY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND HOT CARRIER EFFECT IMMUNITY FOR DEEP SUB-MICRON GROOVED GATE NMOSFET's

Grooved gate structure Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) device is consideredas the most promising candidate used in deep and super-deep sub-micron region, for it cansuppress hot carrier effect and short channel effect deeply. Based on the hydrodynamic energytransport model, using two-dimensional device simulator Medici, the relation between structureparameters and hot carrier effect immunity for deep-sub-micron N-channel MOSFET's is studiedand compared with that of counterpart conventional planar device in this paper. The examinedstructure parameters include negative junction depth, concave corner and effective channel length.Simulation results show that grooved gate device can suppress hot carrier effect deeply even indeep sub-micron region. The studies also indicate that hot carrier effect is strongly influencedby the concave corner and channel length for grooved gate device. With the increase of concavecorner, the hot carrier effect in grooved gate MOSFET decreases sharply, and with the reducingof effective channel length, the hot carrier effect becomes large.

Effect of Sputtered TiAlCr Coatings on Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Resistance of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V

The effect of sputtered Ti-50Al-10Cr and Ti-50A1-20Cr coatings on both isothermal and cyclic oxidation resistance at 800-900℃ and hot corrosion resistance at 850℃ of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V was investigated. Results indicated that Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloys exhibited poor oxidation resistance due to the formation of Al2O3+TiO2+AlNbO4 mixed scales in air at 800-900℃ and poor hot corrosion resistance due to the spoliation of scales formed in Na2SO4+K2SO4 melts at 850℃. Both Ti-50Al-10Cr and Ti-50Al-20Cr coatings remarkably improved the oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy.

Effect of Hot Carrier on Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation of Gaussian High Power Helicon Wave in Homogeneous Longitudinally Magnetized Strain Dependent Dielectric Material

In the present communication, the hydrodynamic model is used to investigate the amplitude modulation as well as demodulation of an electromagnetic wave of high power helicon pump wave into another helicon wave in strain dependent dielectric material incorporating carrier heating (CH) effects. The consideration of CH in modulation and demodulation is prime importance for the adding of new dimension in analysis of amplification of acoustic helicon wave. By using the dispersion relation, threshold pump electric filed and growth rate of unstable mode from the modulation and demodulation of the high power helicon wave well above from the threshold value will be discussed in the present analysis. The numerical analysis is applied to a strain dependent dielectric material, BaTiO3 at room temperature and irradiated with high power helicon wave of frequency 1.78 × 1014 Hz. This material is very sensitive to the pump intensities, therefore during studies, Gaussian shape of the helicon pump wave is considered during the propagation in stain dependent dielectric material and opto-acoustic wave in the form of Gaussian profile (ω0,κ0) is induced longitudinally along the crystallographic plane of BaTiO3. Its variation is caused by the available magnetic field (ωc), interaction length (z) and pulsed duration of interaction (τ). From the analysis of numerical results, the incorporation of CH effect can effectively modify the magnitude of modulation or demodulation of the amplitude of high power helicon laser wave through diffusion process. Not only the amplitude modulation and demodulation of the wave, the diffusion of the CH effectively modifies the growth rate of unstable mode of frequency in BaTiO3. The propagation of the threshold electric field shows the sinusoidal or complete Gaussian profile, whereas this profile is found to be completely lost in growth of unstable mode. It has also been seen that the growth rate is observed to be of the order of 108 - 1010 s-1 but from diffusion of carrier heating, and that its order is enhanced from 1010 - 1012 s-1 with the variation of the magnetized frequency from 1 to 2.5 × 1014 Hz.

Switchable PLL Frequency Synthesizer andHot Carrier Effects

In this paper, a new strategy of switchable CMOS phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer is proposed to increase its tuning range. The switchable PLL which integrates two phase-locked loops with different tuning frequencies are designed and fabricated in 0.5 μm n-well CMOS process. Cadence/Spectre simulations show that the frequency range of the switchable phased-locked loop is between 320 MHz to 1.15 GHz. The experimental results show that the RMS jitter of the phase-locked loop changes from 26 ps to 123 ps as output frequency varies. For 700 MHz carrier frequency, the phase noise of the phase-locked loop reaches as low as ?81 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency and ?104 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. A device degradation model due to hot carrier effects has been used to analyze the jitter and phase noise performance in an open loop voltage-controlled oscillator. The oscillation frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator decreases by approximately 100 to 200 MHz versus the bias voltage and the RMS jitter increases by 40 ps under different phase-locked loop output frequencies after 4 hours of stress time.

“Hot Nano Spots” as an Interpretation of So-Called Non-Thermal Biological Mobile Phone Effects

Indications exist that mobile phones may cause non-specific biological effects. They are classified as being of implausible non-thermal nature due to low quantum energy and low specific absorption rate levels, even if considering worst cases of "hot spots" of only millimeter size. The considerations of this paper demonstrate that classical theory of polarization offers a conventional interpretation for all three the existence of so far unclarified effects, their low reproducibility and their low intensity. The basis of this explanation is given by the assumption that hot spots contain even hotter “nano spots” on a molecular level according to well known mechanisms of γ-relaxation. In this paper, the concept is put for discussion assuming a heterogeneous system that consists of water molecules as well as larger-sized functional molecules. A consistent interpretation through temperature increase on the level of nanometer sized molecular compounds promises to favor interdisciplinary discussions with respect to safety regulations.

Fault－weakening effect of reservoir temperature of hot spring and its influence on seismic activities

In this paper, the reservoir temperatures of 14 hot spring samples collected from the northern segment of theRed River Fault are calculated by using the mixing-model of SiO2-geothermometer. Based on the features ofreservoir temperatures and densities of hot springs, the northern segment of the Red River Fault is furtherdivided into 4 sub-segments. The influence of weakening effect of water on seismic activities is discussed fromthe view point of fault-weakening effect of water. It is suggested that the difference in seismic activity between various sub-segments is principally caused by the difference in intensity of the fault-weakening effect ofwater of these sub-segments. The Eryuan sub-segment where the reservoir temperatures are high and the hotsprings are dense corresponds to a slipped region, however, the Jianchuan and Midu sub-segments where thereservoir temperatures are lower and the hot springs are fewer as well as the Dan sub-segment where the hotspring are very few all correspond to locked regions. It is suggested that Dan sub-segment is the riskiest region for strong earthquake preparation, while the possibility for strong earthquake preparation is very little inthe Eryuan sub-segment.

经济周期与企业数字化转型:基于同群效应和热手效应视角

在宏观经济形势复杂多变的背景下,经济周期波动是否会对企业数字化转型产生影响具有研究意义。研究发现,企业的数字化转型呈现逆周期特征;进一步发现,企业的数字化转型存在地区同群效应和行业同群效应,且两类同群效应均会促进企业数字化转型的逆周期性;管理层对未来经济预期存在热手效应,但在此影响下企业的数字化转型仍呈现显著逆周期特征。异质性分析发现,在市场化水平高、行业竞争程度高和媒体关注度低的情况下,企业数字化转型逆周期表现更明显。

响应面优化法制备“腾药”乳膏及其镇痛作用研究

目的:将“腾药”熥剂制备为“腾药”乳膏,并对比研究“腾药”熥剂和“腾药”乳膏的镇痛作用,为“腾药”熥剂的开发利用提供参考。方法:通过单因素筛选和Box-Behnken响应面法,筛选出“腾药”乳膏基质的最佳处方工艺,以乳膏的外观均匀性、离心稳定性、涂布延展性、耐寒稳定性、耐热稳定性5个方面作为评价指标对制备的“腾药”乳膏进行综合评价;运用醋酸扭体法、甲醛致痛模型、热板法对比研究“腾药”熥剂和“腾药”乳膏的镇痛作用。结果:最佳“腾药”乳膏处方为载药量0.29 g,硬脂酸用量0.91 g,单硬脂酸甘油酯用量0.50 g。“腾药”乳膏与“腾药”熥剂在醋酸扭体法中疼痛抑制率分别为28.77%、28.74%;甲醛致痛模型实验中“腾药”乳膏第I相、第Ⅱ相小鼠平均累计舔足时间分别为28.83 s、36.00 s;“腾药”熥剂第I相、第Ⅱ相小鼠平均累计舔足时间分别为30.17 s、38.25 s;热板法实验中“腾药”乳膏痛阈提高百分率为90.54%,“腾药”熥剂痛阈提高百分率为69.87%。结论:“腾药”乳膏制备工艺可行,其镇痛效果与“腾药”熥剂相当。

基于红外线热成像技术探索“按之则热气至”的按压次数-热效应机制研究

背景推拿量效关系的客观测量方法越来越多,但将红外线热成像技术与推拿量效关系结合的研究较少。目的通过对比不同的叠掌按压法次数(3、5、7次)下治疗区域温度值、肌张力、压痛阈值变化,为红外线热成像技术运用于推拿量效关系提供依据。方法于2021-06-17—12-24在广东省中医院大德路总院推拿科招募18例胸椎小关节紊乱(病变节段在T3~T4)患者。将患者分为按压7次组(n=6)、按压5次组(n=6)、按压3次组(n=6),接受叠掌按压法治疗,次数分别为7、5、3次。采用红外线热成像仪获取患者全身的红外热像图,提取病变区域的平均温度值;运用软组织张力测试分析系统测量病变胸椎处旁竖脊肌的肌张力;运用痛阈测定仪测量病变胸椎棘突旁体表部位的压痛阈值。结果按压3次组干预后的T3棘突右旁开0.5寸(T3 R)温度值及T4棘突右旁开0.5寸(T4 R)温度值均低于干预前(P<0.05)。干预后,三组T3棘突左旁开0.5寸(T3 L)在0.2 kg的力下肌张力、T3 R在0.2 kg的力下肌张力、T4棘突左旁开0.5寸(T4 L)在0.2 kg的力下肌张力、T4 L在0.5 kg的力下肌张力、T4 L在0.8 kg的力下肌张力、T4 R在0.2 kg的力下肌张力、T4 R在0.5 kg的力下肌张力比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按压7次组干预后T3 R在0.2、0.5 kg的力下肌张力高于干预前(P<0.05)。按压3次组干预后T3 L、T3 R、T4 L、T4 R压痛阈值低于干预前(P<0.05)。按压7次组干预后T3 L、T3 R压痛阈值低于干预前(P<0.05)。三组患者在接受治疗时均未出现不良事件。结论按压次数较少可能产生较好的疗效。红外线热成像技术作为推拿量效关系的测量方式仍需要进一步研究。结合本研究的问题可进一步为红外线热成像与推拿的关系提供研究思路。

中药热敷联合多磺酸粘多糖乳膏治疗动静脉内瘘血肿的效果观察

目的探讨中药热敷联合多磺酸粘多糖乳膏对动静脉内瘘血肿的护理效果。方法本研究为随机对照试验。选取2021年2月至2023年2月连云港市中医院门诊动静脉内瘘血肿患者60例,按照随机数字表法分为参照组30例和联合组30例。参照组男21例,女9例,年龄(47.58±7.15)岁,采用多磺酸粘多糖乳膏联合常规护理;联合组男20例,女10例,年龄(46.45±6.14)岁,在参照组基础上实施中药热敷。记录并比较两组患者的皮下血肿消退时间和疼痛持续时间、并发症发生情况、护理满意度。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果联合组患者的皮下血肿消退时间、疼痛持续时间均短于参照组[(7.54±2.25)d比(10.85±3.14)d、(4.25±0.48)d比(6.50±0.51)d],差异均有统计学意义(t=6.934、9.072,均P<0.001);联合组患者的并发症发生率低于参照组[6.67%(2/30)比26.67%(8/30)],护理总满意度高于参照组[90.00%(27/30)比66.67%(20/30)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.320、4.812,P=0.038、0.028)。结论中药热敷联合多磺酸粘多糖乳膏可加快动静脉内瘘血肿患者的皮下血肿消退,缩短疼痛持续时间,提升护理满意度,减少并发症发生,缓解炎症,值得临床推广。

微波处理对刺槐豆胶多糖结构特征的影响

采用微波辅助法(microwave-assisted extraction,MAE)和热水浸提法(hot water extraction,HWE)处理刺槐豆胶,并对得到的刺槐豆胶多糖(locust bean gum polysaccharide,LBGP)进行分子量及分子量分布、糖链构象、单糖组成、糖苷键类型等一系列表征进行分析。通过比较发现,MAE-LBGP的分子量(2.744〜3.777×10^(6) g/mol)显著高于HWE-LBGP(1.222〜1.593×10^(6) g/mol),且具有更宽的分子量分布,不均一性的增强使得糖链呈现出更加多样化及更为紧密的构象特征,而HWE-LBGP的构象则表现得相对单一和松散。经由两种提取方式得到的LBGP具有相同的单糖组成种类(甘露糖和半乳糖)和糖苷键类型(1→4与1→6位连接键)。以上结果归因于在微波效应的作用下,溶剂的极化作用增强,提取能力增加,并通过增强溶剂的传质能力,获得了高分子量和更宽分布的多糖所致。本研究为微波技术在多糖提取应用方面提供了支持和帮助。

激光光热效应对双层流体热毛细对流主动调控机理研究

热毛细对流不稳定性的主动调控是微重力流体力学和传热传质学领域的前沿问题,为了实现双层流体热毛细对流不稳定性的有效控制,提出利用激光光热效应对其不稳定性进行主动调控,并模型化研究了激光光热效应参数(激光束位置、激光功率和光斑尺寸)对双层热毛细对流不稳定性的调控作用机理.计算结果显示,激光功率和光斑尺寸的调整能够显著改变双层流体热毛细对流的对流涡结构,并减小温度波的振动幅度.在一定工况下,热源附近温度波动范围由0.7 K变为0.1 K,变化显著;随光斑尺寸增大,温度振荡幅度先减小后增大.激光位置的调整能够影响液层局部对流涡的位置,进而改变激光位置两侧对流强度,实现局部区域的振荡不稳定流动的控制,通过光热效应参数的合理选择,可以实现对双层流体热毛细对流的有效控制.