Hotspots and trends of risk factors in gastric cancer: A visualization and bibliometric analysis

BACKGROUND The lack of specific symptoms of gastric cancer(GC)causes great challenges in its early diagnosis.Thus it is essential to identify the risk factors for early diagnosis and treatment of GC and to improve the survival rates.AIM To assist physicians in identifying changes in the output of publications and research hotspots related to risk factors for GC,constructing a list of key risk factors,and providing a reference for early identification of patients at high risk for GC.METHODS Research articles on risk factors for GC were searched in the Web of Science core collection,and relevant information was extracted after screening.The literature was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019,CiteSpace V,and VOSviewer 1.6.18.RESULTS A total of 2514 papers from 72 countries and 2507 research institutions were retrieved.China(n=1061),National Cancer Center(n=138),and Shoichiro Tsugane(n=36)were the most productive country,institution,or author,respectively.The research hotspots in the study of risk factors for GC are summarized in four areas,namely:Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,single nucleotide polymorphism,bio-diagnostic markers,and GC risk prediction models.CONCLUSION In this study,we found that H.pylori infection is the most significant risk factor for GC;single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)is the most dominant genetic factor for GC;bio-diagnostic markers are the most promising diagnostic modality for GC.GC risk prediction models are the latest current research hotspot.We conclude that the most important risk factors for the development of GC are H.pylori infection,SNP,smoking,diet,and alcohol.

Global patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of flowering plants: Biodiversity hotspots and coldspots

Species diversity of angiosperms(flowering plants) varies greatly among regions.Geographic patterns of variation in species diversity are shaped by the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,using a comprehensive data set for regional angiosperm floras across the world,we show geographic patterns of taxonomic(species) diversity,phylogenetic diversity,phylogenetic dispersion,and phylogenetic deviation(i.e.,phylogenetic diversity after accounting for taxonomic diversity) across the world.Phylogenetic diversity is strongly and positively correlated with taxonomic diversity;as a result,geographic patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity across the world are highly similar.Areas with high taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are located in tropical regions whereas areas with low taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity are located in temperate regions,particularly in Eurasia and North America,and in northern Africa.Similarly,phylogenetic dispersion is,in general,higher in tropical regions and lower in temperate regions.However,the geographic pattern of phylogenetic deviation differs substantially from those of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic dispersion.As a result,hotspots and coldspots of angiosperm diversity identified based on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic dispersion are incongruent with those identified based on phylogenetic deviations.Each of these metrics may be considered when selecting areas to be protected for their biodiversity.

Erosion hotspot identified along the sandy coast of Shanwei: characteristics and origin

Based on the measured beach profile data of Sanzhou Bay from 2015 to 2019,an erosion hotspot was identified along the Shanwei coastline of eastern Guangdong,where the maximum retreat distance of the shoreline exceeded 80 m and the erosion rate was more than 20 m/a.To determine the time at which the erosion hotspot started and the potential causes of its formation,this study used 63 Landsat satellite images from 1986 to 2019 to construct a time series of shoreline positions over the past 30 years by extracting their high-tide shorelines.Next,the M-K trend test method was introduced to evaluate the non-linear shoreline behavior based on the single-transect method.The results showed that the time of approximately 2013 marked the start of the erosion hotspot,the erosion hotspot was characterized by erosion rates of more than 2 m/a(a maximum rate of 31.6 m/a),and the affected shoreline more than 4.3 km from 2013 to 2019.Furthermore,this erosion hotspot was proved to be caused by artificial sand mining in the nearshore zone,which destroyed the original beach’s morphodynamic equilibrium.With the aid of storm events,soil cliffs composed of loose sediment on the backshore were sacrificed to achieve a new equilibrium,resulting in an extremely significant retreat parallel to the coast on the west side of the study area,which reflects the combined effect of human and natural processes.This study provides a concrete example of the rapid response of shorelines to artificial sand mining activities,and the associated finding is a stark warning about the cautious development and utilization of coastal zones and the strict regulation of human activities.

Visual Analysis of Research Hotspots and Trends of Benefit Finding in China Based on Citespace

[Objectives]Based on the related literature of benefit finding in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),this paper analyzes the research status,hot spots and trends in this field.[Methods]To search for the related literature on benefit finding in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and use Citespace software to visually analyze the number of papers,authors,institutions and keywords.[Results]A total of 204 related papers were obtained,and the annual number of published papers showed a gradual increasing trend.The authors of published papers were represented by Zhang Fenglan,Liu Zhunzhun and Zhang Ting,and the Nursing College of Anhui Medical University published the most papers.The research focus was on social support,coping method and other influencing factors,and qualitative research was the main research type.The key population was breast cancer,stroke patients and their caregivers,and the development trend focused on reliability and validity test and correlation analysis.[Conclusions]The field of benefit finding in China is in the initial exploration stage,and there is little cooperation and exchange between authors and institutions.In the future,academic exchanges and multidisciplinary assistance should be strengthened to promote the rapid development of this field.

Monitoring Hotspots Using Thermal Sensors on MODIS Aqua/Terra Satellite System: A Case Study of National Park Areas in Northern Thailand

This research presents the remote sensing data on hotspots in four national parks located in Chiang Mai province, Thailand: Sri Lanna National Park, Huai Nam Dang National Park, Doi Pahom Pok National Park, and Doi Inthanon National Park. To mitigate the devastating impacts of these wildfires, effective monitoring and management strategies are necessary. Remote sensing technology provides a promising approach for mapping burnt areas and understanding fire regimes at a regional scale. The primary focus of this research is to employ the MODIS Aqua/Terra satellite system for obtaining historical remote sensing data on hotspots. The advantages of remote sensing include accurate identification and mapping of burnt areas, regular monitoring, rapid data acquisition, and historical data analysis. The MODIS sensor, specifically designed for fire monitoring, offers enhanced fire detection and diagnosis, multiple channels for qualitative and quantitative analysis, and precision positioning capabilities. The research results presented in the analysis contribute to the understanding of fire incidents and hotspot occurrences within the four national parks studied. This paper suggests the optimization of early detection of forest and land fires through the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI), presenting it as a recommendation for future endeavors. The research emphasizes the significance of implementing efficient policies and management strategies to effectively tackle the challenges associated with fires in these ecologically significant areas.

Detection and Mapping of Violent Crime Hotspots in Southwestern Nigeria

The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-temporal crime, social media and field observation data from the communities in all the six states in the southwest to develop crime hotspots that can serve as preliminary information to assist in allocating resources for crime control and prevention. Historical crime data from January 1972 to April, 2021 were compiled and updated with rigorous field survey in September, 2021. The field data were encoded, input to the SPSS 17 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total 936 crime locations data were geolocated and exported to ArcGIS 10.5 for spatial mapping using point map operation and further imported to e-Spatial web-based and QGIS for the generation of hotspot map using heatmap tool. The results revealed that armed robbery, assassination and cultism were more pronounced in Lagos and Ogun States. Similarly, high incidences of farmers/herdsmen conflicts are observed in Oyo and Osun States. Increasing incidences of kidnapping are common in all the south-western states but very prominent in Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Most of the violent crime incidents took place along the highways, with forests being their hideouts. Violent crimes are dominantly caused by high rate of unemployment while farmer/herdsmen conflicts were majorly triggered by the scarcity of grazing fields and destruction of arable crops. The conflicts have resulted in the increasing cases of rape and disruption of social group, intake of hard drugs, cult-related activities, low income and revenue generation, and displacement of farmers and infrastructural damages. The study advocates regular retraining and equipping of security agents, establishment of cattle ranch, and installation of sophisticated IP Camera at the crime hotspots to assist in real-time crime monitoring and management.

Predicting the Potential Invasion Hotspots of Chromolaena odorata under Current and Future Climate Change Scenarios in Heterogeneous Ecological Landscapes of Mizoram,India

Recent trends in globalization,human mobility surge and global trade aggravated the expansion of alien species introduction leading to invasion by alien plants compounded by climate change.The ability to predict the spread of invasive species within the context of climate change holds significance for accurately identifying vulnerable regions and formulating strategies to contain their wide proliferation and invasion.Anthropogenic activities and recent climate change scenarios increased the risk of Chromolaena odorata invasion and habitat expansion in Mizoram.To forecast its current distribution and habitat suitability amidst climatic alterations in Mizoram,a MaxEnt-driven habitat suitability model was deployed using the default parameters.The resultant model exhibited that the current spatial range of C.odorata occupies 15.37%of geographical areas deemed suitable for varying degrees of invasion.Projections for 2050 and 2070 anticipated an expansion of suitable habitats up to 34.37%of the geographical area of Mizoram,specifically under RCP 2.6 in 2070 in comparison with its present distribution.Currently,the distributional range of C.odorata in Mizoram spans from lower(450 m)to mid elevational ranges up to 1700 meters,with limited presence at higher altitudes.However,the habitat suitability model extrapolates that climate changes will elevate the invasion risk posed by C.odorata across Mizoram,particularly in the North-Western and Central regions.The projection of further territorial expansion and an upward shift in altitudinal range in the future underscores the urgency of instating robust management measures to pre-empt the impact of C.odorata invasion.This study recommends the imperative nature of effective C.odorata management,particularly during the initial stages of invasion.

基于Hotspot的虚拟机加密方法研究

Java语言的跨平台特性使得Java源代码被编译为一种中间代码——字节码。根据Java虚拟机规范,字节码文件很容易被反编译成可读性很高的源代码。本方案基于Hotspot开源虚拟机,研究通过定制Java虚拟机和加密字节码文件的方式,实现对Java程序的保护,大大提升了反编译的难度,更有效的保护程序代码安全。

利用RouterOS Hotspot认证架构低成本校园网认证系统

提出了一种基于web认证的网络管理技术,实现了针对用户的身份认证、用户策略和权限等的管理,并研究了在校园网中如何建立低成本、高性能的网络认证系统及可靠性。

JDK6 HotSpot虚拟机在龙芯平台上的研究与移植

研究了JDK6HotSpot虚拟机,主要分析了JDK6HotSpot虚拟机的结构和运行机制。针对龙芯平台上的应用,研究了将JDK6HotSpot虚拟机移植到龙芯处理器平台系统上的关键技术,给出了相应的移植方案。通过初步的移植,使得龙芯平台通过移植后的JDK6HotSpot虚拟机能在console端支持Java运行环境。最后,分析了移植后的HotSpot虚拟机的性能瓶颈,并给出了优化的方法。

XQuery语言Hotspot编译系统的支撑框架

设计并实现XQuery语言Hotspot编译系统的支撑框架,通过对XQuery程序进行Hotspot分析,将执行频率高的程序模块编译为Java字节码,以提高程序执行效率。实验结果证明,Hotspot编译系统在执行效率上相比解释系统有一定提高,与静态编译系统相比,能更有效地处理网络上动态生成的XQuery查询。

基于结构描述的HotSpot C2即时编译器

OpenJDK的开源吸引了很多想弄明白Java虚拟机如何运行的开发人员。本文基于HotSpot虚拟机源码,分析了Java虚拟机的运行机制,并进一步深入研究了服务器端C2即时编译框架,指出了HotSpot虚拟机高效运行的原因,为下一步深入优化打好基础。

The complete plastome sequences of five Aponogeton species(Aponogetonaceae):Insights into the structural organization and mutational hotspots

Members of the aquatic plant genus Aponogeton are widely used commercially in aquariums because of their variable leaf shape and unique inflorescences.However,due to extensive similarity between species in this genus,morphological characters are generally inadequate for taxonomic classification.Currently,molecular makers available for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Aponogeton are limited.One approach to clarifying relationships between species in these complex groups is to use divergence hotspot regions within the genome.Here,we sequenced and analyzed the plastomes of five Aponogeton species collected from China,Zambia,and Kenya,and subsequently screened these plastomes for divergent DNA hotspots.The five plastomes are circular structures with sizes ranging from 154,167 bp to 154,860 bp.The Large and the Small Single Copies are separated by two Inverted Repeats.One hundred and thirteen unique genes were identified including 79 protein-coding,30 tRNA,and four rRNA genes.We found that the most abundant repeats in all but one species were mononucleotide repeats(A/T)and that there were 23 potential RNA ending sites.Interestingly,a^3 kb inversion,which includes the accD gene,was detected within the Asian species of Aponogeton.The inversion may be related to more frequent exchanges between this region and the nuclear genome.Furthermore,we detected mutational hotspot sites among the five Aponogeton species.Three of these hotspots are intergenic spacer regions(accD-psaI,rbcL-accD and trnH-GUG-psbA)that might be suitable for use as barcodes to resolve intra-generic relationships.We also identified four highly variable protein-coding genes(ccsA,rpl22,rps16 and ycf1)may be used as barcodes to resolve the higher-level phylogenies.Our study will provide valuable molecular resources for the taxonomic and phylogenomic study of the complex genus Aponogeton.

A study of clinical psychological nursing research hotspots in China and variation trends based on word frequency analysis and visualization analysis

Objective: To analyze clinical psychological nursing research hotspots in China and variation trends in order to provide reference points on the current state of development of clinical psychological nursing and future research hotspots.Method: Clinical psychological nursing research literature sourced from Wanfang Data for the three periods of 2007-2009, 2010-2012, and 2013-2015 were selected as the research sample. A bibliographic co-occurrence analysis system(BICOMB software) was used to perform keyword word frequency analysis and generate a keyword co-occurrence matrix. In addition, Ucinet software's Netdraw tool was used to create visualized network diagrams.Results: A total of 27890 articles were retrieved, and word frequency analysis revealed that the highestfrequency keywords consisted of anxiety, depression, the elderly, expectant women, coronary heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer, perioperative period, quality of life, and psychological intervention.Research hotspot analysis revealed that consistent hotspots comprised anxiety, depression, health education, and perioperative period; expectant women became a hotspot during 2010-2012, and quality of life and efficacy became hotspots during 2013-2015.Conclusions: In addition to the care process, clinical psychological nursing research hotspots in China have increasingly included the effectiveness of psychological nursing and impact on patient quality of life. In addition, research hotspots have been influenced by the incidence of illnesses and people's health consciousness.

Impacts of changing scale on Getis-Ord Gi* hotspots of CPUE:a case study of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii)in the northwest Pacific Ocean

We examined the scale impacts on spatial hot and cold spots of CPUE for Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The original fishery data were tessellated to 18 spatial scales from 5′×5′ to 90′×90′ with a scale interval of 5′ to identify the local clusters. The changes in location, boundaries, and statistics regarding the Getis-Ord Gi＊ hot and cold spots in response to the spatial scales were analyzed in detail. Several statistics including Min, mean, Max, SD, CV, skewness, kurtosis, first quartile（Q1）, median, third quartile（Q3）, area and centroid were calculated for spatial hot and cold spots. Scaling impacts were examined for the selected statistics using linear, logarithmic, exponential, power law and polynomial functions. Clear scaling relations were identified for Max, SD and kurtosis for both hot and cold spots. For the remaining statistics, either a difference of scale impacts was found between the two clusters, or no clear scaling relation was identified. Spatial scales coarser than 30′ are not recommended to identify the local spatial patterns of fisheries because the boundary and locations of hot and cold spots at a coarser scale are significantly different from those at the original scale.

Long-Term Fate of Agent Orange and Dioxin TCDD Contaminated Soils and Sediments in Vietnam Hotspots

The soils, tropical climate, and network of canals and rivers of southern Vietnam have created one of the most diverse tropical jungles and intensely cultivated landscapes of Southeast Asia. This paradise has a long history of numerous wars, foreign occupations, and most recently the Second Indochina War (aka the Vietnam War 1965-1972) which defoliated rain forests and ancient wetland mangroves and left behind contaminated soil and sediment hotspots. During this war, the United States (US) military sprayed 80 million liters of Agent Orange contaminated with the dioxin TCDD in a guerrilla war against communist insurgents. Agent Orange was a synthetic plant growth regulator comprised of equal amounts of two herbicides 2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid C8H6Cl2O3 (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid C8H5Cl3O3 (2,4,5-T). TCDD, the dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (C12H4Cl4O2) was an unintended byproduct of the accelerated combustion process used in the manufacture of herbicides containing 2,4,5-T. Agent Orange has frequently been blamed for soil and sediment contamination and long-term human health problems;however, the true source of harm is the dioxin TCDD. Agent Orange has a short half-life of days and weeks after application to vegetation, and has not been found to persist, after 50 years, in the water or soils of southern Vietnam. However, the half-life of dioxin TCDD depends on where it is deposited and varies from 1 to 3 years on soil surfaces that have been fully exposed to sunlight, to as long as 20 to 50 years or more when buried in tropical subsoils, and more than 100 years in river and sea sediments. Dioxin TCDD was heavily concentrated in the US Air Force bases in Vietnam where the herbicides were stored, loaded on planes and helicopters for aerial spraying, and used extensively around military base perimeter fences as a security measure to prevent surprise attacks. Bien Hoa Air Force base, 40 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City, continues to be one of the mega-hotspots where after 48 years the dioxin TCDD levels in fish and shrimp are still high and fishing is banned in ponds and lakes adjacent to the airbase. Although expensive, one of the most effective remediation to dioxin TCDD contaminated soils is incineration which is the recommended method of dioxin TCDD disposal.

Seismic Imaging of the Upper Mantle under the Erebus Hotspot in Antarctica

P-wave velocity images are determined under the Mount Erebus hotspot,Antarctica by using teleseismic tomography.Our results show a prominent low-velocity(low-v)anomaly of nearly circular symmetry(about 250-300 km in diameter)to about 200 km depth under the Mount Erebus volcanic region,which further extends down to～400 km as a narrow tilted column.The observed low-v anomaly beneath the Mount Erebus volcano can be an expression of a thermal anomaly of deep origin.

Current research status and research hotspots in Chinese geriatric medicine: Data retrieved from the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

Objective: To investigate the research hotspots and development trends of Chinese geriatric medicine by analyzing the high-frequency keywords, core authors, research institutions and their collaborations in papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics.Methods: Bibliometric methods and information visualization software(CiteSpace Ⅲ) were used to analyze the following 3 aspects: keywords, institutions and authors.Results: Overall, the number of papers published in the Chinese Journal of Geriatrics grew between 1994 and 2015. The top 3 institutions with the greatest numbers of published papers were Beijing Hospital,People's Liberation Army General Hospital and the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.The authors with high productivity were Pulin Yu, Jianye Wang and Xiaoying Li. The terms "Diabetes","hypertension" and "myocardial infarction" were hotspot words that drew sustained attention in this field.Conclusions: Research on geriatric medicine is growing steadily in China. Hospitals and teaching hospitals are major contributors to publications. The collaboration of authors is more common within the same institutions or in the same regions. Clinical research is still the focus of current research. In the future, basic research should be strengthened, and collaborations between different institutions and regions should be promoted to achieve coordinated and integrated development in Chinese geriatric medicine.

A study on clinical nursing research trends and hotspots based on bibliometric analysis

Objective: This study was conducted to understand the trends and research hotspots of clinical nursing in China and abroad, thereby to provide guidance for nursing practice and studies.Methods: We retrieved clinical nursing literature(excluding literature related to psychological nursing and traditional Chinese medicine nursing) cited in Wanfang Data(www.wanfangdata.com.cn) and PubMed between 2007 and 2015 and subsequently performed bibliometric analyses on article volume,journal, clustering of high-frequency keywords, and co-occurrence of keywords.Results: A total of 10374 publications, excluding those related to psychological nursing, were retrieved via a PubMed search. The literature displayed a rising trend in terms of annual publication volume. The journal distribution of clinical nursing publications overall was consistent with Bradford's Law. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2007 and 2009 included:(1) studies on effects of the midwife and midwifery methods for natural childbirth;(2) studies on emergency nursing care;(3)studies on dementia care;(4) studies on bandage dressing in trauma nursing; and(5) studies on quality of life in cancer patients nursing. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2010 and 2012 included:(1) studies on obstetric nurse-patient relationships;(2) studies on patients' medical team in stroke nursing;(3) studies on cancer nursing methods;(4) studies on nursing patients with trauma related to urinary incontinence; and(5) studies on the quality of life of caregivers of dementia patients.The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2013 and 2015 included(1) studies on skin care and bandaging in trauma nursing;(2) studies on evidence-based nursing in AIDS care;(3) studies on nurses' role in obstetric nurse-patient relationships; studies on cancer nursing methods;(4) studies on nursing for Alzheimer's disease and dementia; and(5) studies on caregivers and nursing of stroke patients. A Wanfang Data search retrieved a total of 85570 publications, whose volume also exhibited an annual rising trend, in particular with regard to those in core journals. However, percentage of total publication volume, mean cited frequency per article, and total ranking of clinical nursing publications overall displayed a decreasing trend. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2007 and 2009 included:(1) diabetes nursing;(2) nursing for cancer;(3) nursing for senility-related diseases;(4)nursing in the event of complications;(5) nursing for hypertension;(6) studies on quality of life after nursing interventions;(7) chemotherapy nursing;(8) studies on compliance after nursing interventions;(9) constipation nursing; and(10) nursing for stroke patients. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2010 and 2012 included:(1) diabetes nursing;(2) nursing for cancer;(3) nursing for senility-related diseases;(4) studies on quality of life after nursing interventions;(5) nursing in the event of complications;(6) nursing for hypertension;(7) prevention nursing;(8) perioperative nursing;(9)pain nursing; and(10) studies on compliance after nursing interventions. The main contents of clinical nursing literature between 2013 and 2015 included:(1) diabetes nursing;(2) nursing in the event of complications;(3) cancer nursing;(4) studies on quality of life after nursing interventions;(5) nursing for stroke patients;(6) nursing for the elderly;(7) studies on compliance after nursing interventions;(8)nursing for hypertension;(9) constipation nursing; and(10) prevention nursing.Conclusions: Clinical nursing research in China is in a rapid development stage as defined by Price's law whereby there is a rapid growth in publication volume. By comparison, clinical nursing research in developed countries is in the stable development stage or maturation phase, which is characterized by a flat curve of publication volume and stable development rate. There is a gap of 25-30 years between China and these countries in terms of the growth phases of clinical nursing literature.

Identification of crash hotspots using kernel density estimation and kriging methods:a comparison

This paper presents a study aimed at comparing the outcome of two geostatistical-based approaches, namely kernel density estimation （KDE） and kriging, for identifying crash hotspots in a road network. Aiming at locating high-risk locations for potential intervention, hotspot identification is an integral component of any comprehensive road safety management programs. A case study was conducted with historical crash data collected between 2003 and 2007 in the Hennepin County of Min- nesota, U.S. The two methods were evaluated on the basis of a prediction accuracy index （PAI） and a comparison in hotspot ranking. It was found that, based on the PAI measure, the kriging method outperformed the KDE method in its ability to detect hotspots, for all four tested groups of crash data with different times of day. Further- more, the lists of hotspots identified by the two methods were found to be moderately different, indicating the im- portance of selecting the right geostatistical method for hotspot identification. Notwithstanding the fact that the comparison study presented herein is limited to one case study, the findings have shown the promising perspective of the kriging technique for road safety analysis.