Moxibustion at ST36 activates peritoneal macrophages in CTX-induced immunosuppression in mouse model via IFN-γ

Background:To explored whether moxa cone moxibustion can reduce peritoneal inflammation by increasing the content of peritoneal macrophages and B cells via interferon-gamma.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into three groups with six mice in each group:the control group,model group,and moxibustion group,and the model was established in mice using cyclophosphamide.In the moxibustion group,the mice received moxa cone moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36)for 7 days.Analysis of Peritoneal cell were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,the protein expression level in the peritoneal fluid were measured with mouse cytokine antibody arrays and verified by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test,and RNA-Sequencing was used for peritoneal cell RNA analysis.Results:Our results showed that moxa cone moxibustion could reduce the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells(P<0.05).With the cytokine array analysis and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test of peritoneal fluid,we found that IFN‐γwas up-regulated in moxibustion group(P<0.05).There were 169 genes were down-regulated in the model group and up-regulated in the moxibustion group while 19 genes that were up-regulated in the model group and down-regulated in the moxibustion group via RNA-sequencing.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of 188 intersect differentially expressed genes were found that the top 3 pathways with the highest enrichment of up-regulated genes included Hematopoietic cell lineage,Inflammatory bowel disease and Malaria.The differentially expressed genes visualization protein-protein interaction network shows the top 10 genes including Ifng,Grb2,CCR7,CTLA4,CXCR5,Foxp3,kit,PRF1,CD5 and klrg1.Conclusion:These findings showed that moxa cone moxibustion can alleviate chemotherapy-induced diarrhea by reducing the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity,possibly through up-regulating inflammatory bowel disease signaling pathway via interferon-gamma to regulate the survival and function of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells.

Comparison of protective effects of electroacupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on perinatal nicotine exposure-induced lung phenotype in rat offspring

Objective:To compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST 36)on the lung phenotype of rat offspring exposed to nicotine during the perinatal period.Methods:Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group(saline only),the model group(nicotine only),the EA group(nicotine+EA at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally),and the moxibustion group(nicotine+moxibustion at ST 36 acupoints bilaterally).n=6 rats per group.On postnatal day 21,the body weight,lung weight,and pulmonary function were determined and lung morphometry was performed.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma andβ-catenin levels in the lung tissue of offspring were also determined.Results:Perinatal nicotine exposure(PNE)results in decreased body and lung weights of offspring rats,abnormal lung tissue morphology,and significantly altered pulmonary function,showing an increase in total airway resistance and a decrease in tidal volume,minute ventilation,total airway compliance,and peak expiratory flow.Bilateral EA at ST 36 acupoints could block all of these perinatal nicotine-induced effects.Although moxibustion also had protective effects in nicotine-induced offspring lungs,some of these effects did not reach statistical significance,e.g.,protection against the upregulation ofβ-catenin,the downregulation of PPARγsignaling,and the increase in peak expiratory flow.Conclusion:Maternal EA at ST 36 blocked the PNE-induced changes in key developmental signaling pathways,prevented the PNE-induced changes in lung morphology,and protected pulmonary function.Moxibustion at ST 36 showed similar but weaker protective effects against the PNE-induced changes in the exposed offspring.It is important to note that the mechanism underlying the protective effects of moxibustion at ST 36 may be different from those of EA at ST 36,and further research is needed to understand these differences.

世界知识产权组织ST.36与ST.96标准的比较研究

本文通过对WIPO的XML专利旧数据标准ST.36和ST.96多方面的比较和研究,增进对WIPO新标准的理解,探索未来WIPO标准的发展动向,以期为我国知识产权行业的数据业务发展提供一定的借鉴。

Effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) on inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of smokeinduced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJECTIVE： Improvement in lung function was reported after acupuncture treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Because an immune response imbalance could be seen in COPD, we hypothesize that electroacupuncture （EA） may play a role in regulating inflammatory cytokines and contribute to lung protection in a rat model of smoke-induced COPD. METHODS： A COPD model using male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to cigarette smoke was established. The rats were randomly divided into four groups （control, sham, COPD, and COPD plus EA）, and COPD model was evaluated by measuring pulmonary pathological changes and lung function. EA was applied to the acupuncture point Zusanli （ST36） for 30 min/d for 14 d in sham and COPD rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） was used to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleukin-113 （IL-113）, and malonaldehyde （MDA）. RESULTS： Compared with the control rats, COPD rats had significant changes in lung resistance （R,） and lung compliance （C,） （both P〈0.01）, bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction （P〈0.01）, and levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β（P〈0.01）. There were no significant differences between the control and the sham groups. Compared with the COPD rats, the COPD plus EA rats had decreased R, and increased CL （both P〈0.05）, and reduced bronchi and bronchiole airway obstruction （P〈0.05, P〈0.01, respectively）, while levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MDA in BALF were lowered （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively）. However, TNF-α and IL-1β levels of the EA group rats remained higher than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： EA at ST36 can reduce lung injury in a COPD rat model, and beneficial effects may be related to down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may prolong the clinical benefit of EA.

Electro-acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36) to improve lower extremity motor function in sensory disturbance patients with cerebral stroke A randomized controlled study of 240 cases

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that sensory transduction is a way to introduce needle sensation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of electro-acupuncture at the ＂Zusanll＂ （ST 36） point on lower extremity motor function in various sensory disturbance patients with cerebral stroke. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, clinical study was performed at the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Centre from September 2006 to June 2008. PARTICIPANTS： Patients with first-time cerebral infarction or hemorrhage, or with a stroke history, but no neurodysfunction （single damage）, were selected for this study. The subjects were right-handed and disease state was stable. A total of 240 inpatients were randomly assigned to the following groups： electro-acupuncture （n = 124） and control （n = 116）. The two groups were further assigned into sub-groups： no sensory disturbance, superficial sensory disturbance, deep sensory disturbance, and deep and superficial sensory disturbance. METHODS： On the basis of routine limb function training, the acupoint Zusanliwas utilized in all patients from the electro-acupuncture group. Perpendicular acupuncture was 3.0-4.0 cm deep. An electric acupuncture instrument was connected when patients developed the needle sensation, deqi. A stimulation pattern consisting of distant and dense waves of 50 Hz was used to elicit slight dorsal foot extension. Acupuncture was administered 5 times per week, 30 minutes per session, for 6 weeks in total. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： FugI-Meyer assessment （FMA） was used to evaluate lower extremity motor function; Ver.1.0 gait analysis to estimate gait （step frequency, step speed, and step scope）; lower extremity Composite Spasticity Scale （CSS） to estimate muscle spastic degree. RESULTS： Following treatment, motor function improved in both groups. Compared with the control group, FMA score, step speed, step frequency, and step scope were increased in the electro-acupuncture group, but there was no difference in lower extremity CSS scores between the electro-acupuncture and the control groups （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with the control group, Zusanli （ST 36） electro-acupuncture improved motor function indices as follows： FMA score, step frequency, step speed, and step scope of patients with no sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05-0.01）, step frequency of patients with superficial sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05）, and step frequency and step speed of patients with deep sensory disturbance （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Zusanfi （ST 36） electro-acupuncture effects on lower extremity motor function in stroke patients were improved with no muscle tone rise. Therefore, this form of treatment can be used in convalescent treatment, Moreover, effects were different according to various sensory disturbance types, which suggested that sensory input influenced acupuncture effects.

Downregulation of electroacupuncture at ST36 on TNF-α in rats with ulcerative colitis

AIM: To investigate the regulatory effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC), and further elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of EA on UC.METHODS: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=-8): normal control group, UC control group, UC+ST36 group and UC+nonacupoint group. A solution containing ethanol and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was instilled into the distal colon in the rat (at a dose of 100 mg/kg) to set up UC rat model. Rats in wakefulness state of UC+ST36 group were stimulated at ST36 by EA once a day, while those of UC+nonacupoint group were done at 0.5 cm beside ST36. After 10d treatment, all rats were sacrificed simultaneously. Colon musocal inflammation and damage were assessed by measuring colon mass, morphologic damage score, colonic myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) activity, serum TNF-α and colonic TNF-α mRNA level. Morphologic damage score was examined under stereomicroscope. Colonic MPO activity was measured by spectrophotometer method. Serum TNF-αconcentration was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).Colonic TNF-α mRNA expression level was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RESULTS: Ratio of colonic mass/body mass (mC/mB) and activity of colonic MPO (μkat/g tissue) markedly increased (8.5±2.6 vs 2.5±0.4; 145±25 vs 24±8, P＜0.01 vs normal control group). Compared with normal control rats, serum TNF-α and colonic TNF-α mRNA level in UC control group were increased 2.5 fold (2 278±170 vs 894±248, P＜0.01)and 4.3 fold (0.98±0.11 vs 0.23±0.11, P＜0.01)respectively. After EA at ST36, mc/mB and MPO activity were reduced significantly (5.3±2.0 vs 8.5±2.6; 104±36 vs145±25, P＜0.01, 0.05) compared with those of UC control group. Serum TNF-α and colonic TNF-α mRNA level were inhibited by EA stimulation at ST36 (P＜0.01). The inhibitory rate was 16 % and 44 % respectively.Morphologic damage score was also increased markedly in rat with UC (P＜0.01), whereas it was decreased by EA at ST36 (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between UC control group and UC+EA at non-acupoint (P＞0.05). Furthermore, these parameters were highly correlated with each other (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum TNF-α concentration and colonic TNF-α mRNA expression level are increased significantly in UC rats in correlation with the severity of disease. It indicates that TNF-α is closely involved in the immune abnormalities and inflammatory responses in UC. EA at ST36 has therapeutic effect on UC by downregulating serum TNF-r and colonic TNF-r mRNA expression. High levels of TNF-αand its corresponding mRNA expression seem to be implicated in the pathogenesis of UC.

Effects of pre-moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) on heat shock protein 70 expression in rats with gastric mucosal lesions after neurotomy

Studies have shown that pre-moxibustion protects the gastric mucosa by up-regulating the expression of heat shock protein 70. However, the signaling pathway underlying this effect remains unclear. Rats were intragastrically administered absolute alcohol, causing obvious lesion of the gastric mucosa. Following pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi （ST36） for 8 days, the ulcer index decreased to different degrees. The results of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting showed significant upregulation of heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa and serum. None out of transection of the spinal cord, damage to the nucleus of the solitary tract, neurotomy of the vagal nerve and neurotomy of the common peroneal nerve affected the decrease in ulcer index or the increase in heat shock protein 70 expression in serum after pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi, and heat shock protein 70 expression was obviously decreased in the gastric mucosa. These findings suggest that pre-moxibustion at Zusanfi can protect the gastric mucosa against lesioning, and that the mechanism underlying this effect involves its induction of heat shock protein 70 expression. Neural pathways participate in the regulatory effects of moxibustion on heat shock protein 70 expression in the gastric mucosa.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MOXIBUSTION AT ZUSANLI(ST 36) AND LIANGMEN (ST 21) INDUCING HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 (HSP70) EXPRESSION TO RESIST OXIDATIVE INJURY OF GASTRIC MUCOSA

To observe effect of moxibustion at Zusanli （足三里 ST 36） and Liangmen （梁门 ST 21 ） on expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） in gastric mucosa of the rat of stress ulcer （SU） to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in resisting oxidative injury of the gastric mucosa. Methods： Sixty SD rats were evenly randomized into 4 groups, a blank group, a model group, an acupoint moxibustion group and a non-acupoint moxibustion group. Water restraint stress （WRS） method was used to make stress gastric ulcer rat model. The ulcerative index （Ul） of gastric mucosa was evaluated by using GUTH method, the gastric mu- cosa blood flux （GMBF） was detected by a laser Doppler bloodflow monitor, and HSP70 expression and malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the gastric mucosa were determined respectively with immunohistochemical and thiobarbiturate methods. Results： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） significantly de- creased Ul, up-regulated HSP70 expression, increased GMBF, and decreased MDA content in the gastric mucosa in the rat of stress gastric ulcer, with significant differences as compared with the model group and the non-acupoint moxibustion group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： Moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36） and Liangmen （ST 21 ） can induce high expression of HSP70 and decrease MDA content in the gastric mucosa, so as to resist oxidative injury, with relative acupoint specificity.

TREATMENT WITH ACUPUNCTURE AT ZUSANLI (St 36) FOR EPIGASTRIC PAIN IN THE ELDERLY

Acupuncture at a single point is a spe-cial feature in the treatment of acute symp-toms for its simplicity and effectiveness.Theauthor experienced many cases of acuteepigastric pain treated with acupuncture at asingle acupoint with satisfactory results.Pain in the elderly is most often of

新型抗缺血药物治疗急性冠状动脉综合征的评价:雷诺嗪用于减少非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征局部缺血的代谢效能(MERLIN)-TIMI36试验的试验设计与原理

Background: Despite advances in antithrombotic therapies and invasive technology, the risk of recurrent ischemic complications in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes(NSTE-ACSs) remains substantial. Ranolazine is a novel agent that inhibits the late sodium current thereby reducing cellular sodium and calcium overload and has been shown to reduce ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina. Study Design: MERLIN-TIMI 36 is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multinational clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ranolazine during long-term treatment of patients with NSTE-ACS receiving standard therapy(N=6500). Eligible patients are randomized 1 ∶1 to ranolazine or matched placebo, initiated as 200 mg intravenously over 1 hour, followed by an 80-mg/h infusion(40 mg/h for patients with severe renal insufficiency) for up to 96 hours and oral ranolazine ER 1000 mg BID or matched placebo until the end of study. The primary end point is the time to first occurrence of any element of the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or recurrent ischemia. Secondary end points include ischemia on Holter monitoring, hospitalization for new or worsening heart failure, quality of life measures, and exercise performance. The evaluation of longterm safety will include death from any cause and symptomatic documented arrhythmia. Recruitment began in October 2004. The trial will continue until 730 major cardiovascular events and 310 deaths are recorded with expected completion in 24 to 28 months. Conclusions: MERLIN-TIMI 36 will evaluate the role of ranolazine in the acute and chronic management of patients presenting with NSTE-ACS.

血运重建对非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨血运重建对非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者生活质量的影响。方法将559例NSTE-ACS患者分为完全血运重建组(完全介入治疗组、冠脉搭桥手术组)、不完全血运重建组(不完全介入治疗组)、单纯药物治疗组,通过SF-36生活质量量表随访2年患者的生活质量变化。结果 (1)经过2年的随访调查,发生重大心血管事件的有111例。(2)在SF-36量表中的各个维度改善情况显示,单纯药物治疗组对各个维度的改善率普遍偏低,且与其他三组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05);而在躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康、健康变化5个维度中,完全介入治疗组改善率优于冠脉搭桥手术组(P<0.05)。结论完全冠状动脉血运重建可显著改善NSTE-ACS患者远期的生活质量,完全介入治疗对躯体疼痛的改善率最高;冠状动脉搭桥对生理职能改善率最高。

Adenosine triphosphate mediates the pain tolerance effect of manual acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) in mice

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanisms behind the effects of acupuncture in Traditional Chinese Medicine,we delved into the adenosine triphosphate/peripheral purinergic P2X receptor 3(ATP/P2X3)receptor signaling system as an indicator of the body's energy state,commonly referred to as"Qi".METHODS:The tail-flick test was utilized to explore the impact of acupuncture on pain tolerance threshold(PTT)in mice,while also assessing adenosine(ADO)levels and adenylate energy charge(EC)at Zusanli(ST36).The study further investigated the dose-dependent effects of acupuncture on PTT and ADO levels at Zusanli(ST36).To shed light on the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture's effects,the study examined the impact of ATP,a P2X3 receptor antagonist,and adenosine disodium on PTT following acupuncture administration.RESULTS:Acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36)led to significant improvements in PTT in mice,with the most effective interventions being twirling for 2 min and needle retention for 28 min.These interventions also resulted in significant increases in ATP levels.The effects of acupuncture were further augmented by administration of different doses of ATP at Zusanli(ST36),and pretreatment with a P2X3 receptor antagonist decreased PTT.Adenylate EC peaked at 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of ATP,and pretreatment with various doses of i.p.ATP 30 min prior to acupuncture increased PTT in a dose-dependent manner.Additionally,pretreatment with an i.p.or intramuscular injection of adenosine disodium enhanced the effects of acupuncture.CONCLUSION:This research provides compelling evidence that ATP is involved in the regulation of PTT through acupuncture,revealing new avenues for achieving enhanced clinical outcomes.

中药内服联合电针对行Halsted疝修补术的老年腹股沟嵌顿疝患者胃肠功能的影响

目的:观察中药内服联合电针对行Halsted疝修补术的老年腹股沟嵌顿疝患者胃肠功能的影响。方法:将64例行Halsted疝修补术的老年腹股沟嵌顿疝患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组32例。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予中药内服联合电针足三里治疗。观察两组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、胃肠减压时间及术后围手术期腹胀发生率等。结果:治疗组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、胃肠减压时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组腹胀发生率为18.75%,对照组腹胀发生率为53.13%,治疗组腹胀发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中药内服联合电针能够促进行Halsted疝修补术的老年腹股沟嵌顿疝患者胃肠功能及早恢复,降低腹胀发生率,减轻腹胀程度。

Anti-aging effects of moxa cone moxibustion As a free radical scavenger complement

Therapies that complement free radical scavenging are an important approach for treating aging in the brain. In the present study, two formulations of moxa cone moxibustion were applied at acupoints Zusanfi （ST 36） and Xuanzhong （GB 39）, and at acupoints Baihui （DU 20） and Guanyuan （RN 4）, in D-galactose-induced senile mice. The results revealed that moxa cone moxibustion improved total superoxide dismutase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity in the homogenates of the cerebral tissue, as well as ameliorating deficits in neuronal morphology and neuronal density in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal CA3. Moxa cone moxibustion also enhanced learning and memory functions of senile mice. Moxa cone moxibustion at Zusanli, Xuanzhong, Baihuiand Guanyuan acupoints can thus be used to complement free radical scavengers, with efficacy that is equal to that of electroacupuncture at Zusanliand Xuanzhong, and superior to that of nimodipine treatment.

Long-term acupuncture treatment has a multitargeting regulation on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease：a positron emission tomography study

The acute effect of acupuncture on Alzheimer＇s disease,i.e.,on brain activation during treatment,has been reported.However,the effect of long-term acupuncture on brain activation in Alzheimer＇s disease is unclear.Therefore,in this study,we performed long-term needling at Zusanli（ST36）or a sham point（1.5 mm lateral to ST36）in a rat Alzheimer＇s disease model,for 30 minutes,once per day,for 30 days.The rats underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning.Positron emission tomography images were processed with SPM2.The brain areas activated after needling at ST36 included the left hippocampus,the left orbital cortex,the left infralimbic cortex,the left olfactory cortex,the left cerebellum and the left pons.In the sham-point group,the activated regions were similar to those in the ST36 group.However,the ST36 group showed greater activation in the cerebellum and pons than the sham-point group.These findings suggest that long-term acupuncture treatment has targeted regulatory effects on multiple brain regions in rats with Alzheimer＇s disease.

PRELIMNARY STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SUBSTANCE P IN THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF NEEDLING SENSATION

Object: To study the effect of SP in the process of formation of needling sensation in the rat. Methods: The pain threshold was determined by inducing rat’s tail swing reaction when the electrical stimulation was gradually increased to a certain extent via two electrodes inserted in the bilateral sides of the tail. Right Zusanli (ST 36) was stimulated electrically for 30 min by setting the stimulating parameters as continuous waves, frequency of 20 Hz and a suitable strength (just generating slight muscular tremor). The relative SP contents of the spinal cord and the small intestine were displayed by using immunohistochemical method and evaluated using gray density value. The effect of "Zusanli" injection of SP on pain threshold was observed by injecting 25 μL of SP (5 nm) into the bilateral ST 36. In control group, normal saline (25 μL) was injected into the bilateral ST 36. Results: ① After elctroacupuncture (EA) of ST 36, both the pain threshold and SP content of the spinal dorsal horn on the EA side increased significantly (P< 0.05); and ② Both EA and injection of SP could raise the pain threshold remarkably. Conclusion: SP may play an important role in the process of formation of needling sensation in the primary nerve center.

针灸“足三里”对高尿酸血症小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的:观察针刺及艾灸“足三里”对高尿酸血症模型小鼠尿酸及肠道菌群的影响。方法:选取56只雄性昆明小鼠,随机分为空白组和造模组,采用氧嗪酸钾联合次黄嘌呤灌胃构建高尿酸血症模型,造模成功后随机分为模型组、针刺组、艾灸组,每组14只。选择“足三里”穴进行针刺或艾灸治疗,治疗2周后检测小鼠血清尿酸,16SrDNA测序分析肠道菌群变化。结果:与空白组相比,模型组SUA水平显著升高(P<0.01),肠道菌群多样性下降,厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值升高,Lachnoclostridium菌属丰度升高,颤杆菌克属、罗斯氏菌属丰度下降(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,针刺组、艾灸组SUA水平均显著下降(P<0.05),厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值下调,针刺组另枝菌属丰度升高,Lachnoclostridium丰度下降(P<0.05),艾灸组副拟杆菌属丰度升高,Lachnoclostridium、肠杆菌属丰度下降(P<0.05),其中Lachnoclostridium菌属与SUA含量呈正相关(r=0.388,P=0.037),另枝菌属与SUA含量呈负相关(r=-0.387,P=0.038)。一般功能预测提示针刺和艾灸均提高了嘌呤代谢率。结论:针刺和艾灸可有效调控高尿酸血症小鼠肠道菌群的结构和功能,可能是针灸改善高尿酸血症的潜在机制。

经皮穴位电刺激治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞患者的临床观察

目的探讨经皮穴位电刺激(Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,TEAS)治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(Arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)的临床疗效。方法选取2021年3月—2022年10月期间南昌大学第一附属医院收治的98例ASO患者,按随机数字表法分为TEAS组和对照组,每组各49例。对照组予以常规治疗:包括控制饮食,低盐低脂饮食、控制血压、降血脂治疗,TEAS组给予TEAS治疗。治疗3周后,观察比较两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应情况,治疗前后的临床症状积分、踝肱指数(Ankle brachial index,ABI)和视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale score,VAS)、血清白细胞介素-6((Interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、β2微球蛋白(β2 microglobulin,β2-M)水平。结果治疗后两组患者各临床症状积分及总积分均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且TEAS组各临床症状积分及总积分较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者ABI值均明显高于治疗前,VAS评分明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且TEAS组ABI值较对照组明显升高,VAS评分较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、β2-M水平均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且TEAS组血清TNF-α、IL-6、β2-M水平较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TEAS组的治疗总有效率(93.88%)高于对照组(73.47%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未发生严重不良事件。结论TEAS治疗ASO能够有效改善下肢缺血,抑制炎症反应,减轻肢端麻木、酸胀、发冷等症状,减轻疼痛,改善下肢功能,治疗效果显著,且无明显不良反应。

电针对正常小鼠血清单胺类神经递质的影响

目的观察单次电针对小鼠血清中单胺类神经递质的影响。方法30只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组和电针组,每组15只。电针组单次电针双侧足三里穴,对照组仅予电针组相同的束缚。采用高效液相色谱仪测定电针干预前及干预后1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h、24 h血清中去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、多巴胺(dopamine,DA)及其代谢产物3,4-二羟苯乙酸(3,4-dihydroxyphenylaceticacid,DOPAC)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)及其代谢产物5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-hydroxyindole acetic acid,5-HIAA)的含量。结果干预前,两组血清各单胺类神经递质比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组干预后1 h、2 h、4 h和8 h血清NE含量较干预前降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);电针组干预后24 h血清NE含量显著低于对照组和干预前(P<0.01)。两组干预后血清DA含量和DOPAC/DA比值在各个时间点均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),对照组干预后2 h血清DOPAC含量较干预前降低(P<0.05),电针组干预后4 h和8 h血清DOPAC含量较干预前升高(P<0.01);电针组干预后2 h、4 h、8 h和24 h血清DA含量高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),DOPAC/DA比值低于对照组(P<0.01)。两组干预后各时间点血清5-HT含量均降低(P<0.01),两组血清5-HIAA在各个时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组干预后8 h和24 h血清5-HIAA/5-HT比值较干预前降低(P<0.05),电针组干预后1 h、4 h和24 h血清5-HIAA/5-HT比值较干预前升高(P<0.01);电针组干预后2 h和4 h血清5-HT含量低于对照组(P<0.05),干预后1 h、4 h、8 h和24 h血清5-HIAA/5-HT比值高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论单次电针可对生理状态下小鼠外周血血清单胺类神经递质的含量产生影响。

电针调控背根神经节巨噬细胞浸润改善紫杉醇诱导神经病理痛的机制研究

目的:观察电针双侧足三里穴对紫杉醇诱导神经病理痛小鼠模型背根神经节(DRG)巨噬细胞标记物CD68、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响,探讨电针调控紫杉醇诱导神经病理痛的机制。方法:选择成年C57小鼠30只,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组、电针组,每组10只。模型组、电针组在第1、3、5、7天分别通过腹腔注射2 mg/kg紫杉醇进行造模;对照组注射相同体积的溶媒。造模结束后(第9天),电针组给予电针双侧足三里穴治疗,频率15 Hz,强度1 mA,30 min/次,1次/d,共7 d。采用“up and down”法测定足底机械阈值(PWMT);采用苏木精和伊红(HE)染色观察各组DRG组织的病理特征;采用免疫荧光染色法检测DRG组织MCP-1和CD68免疫阳性面积百分比;采用Western blot法检测DRG组织CD68、MCP-1、iNOS和IL-1β蛋白表达水平;采用透射电镜观察DRG组织巨噬细胞超微结构。结果:①PWMT:与对照组同一时间点比较,模型组第8、11、13、15天PWMT明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组同一时间点比较,电针组第11、13、15天PWMT明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②DRG组织病理学特征:炎症细胞形态为近圆形,颜色为蓝紫色,对照组有少量的炎症细胞,模型组聚集浸润状态的炎症细胞数量增加,电针组聚集浸润状态的炎症细胞数量较少。③DRG组织MCP-1、CD68免疫阳性面积百分比:与对照组比较,模型组DRG组织MCP-1、CD68免疫阳性面积百分比明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组DRG组织MCP-1、CD68免疫阳性面积百分比明显降低(P<0.05)。④DRG组织MCP-1、CD68、IL-1β和iNOS蛋白表达水平:与对照组比较,模型组DRG组织MCP-1、CD68、IL-1β和iNOS蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组DRG组织MCP-1、CD68、IL-1β和iNOS蛋白表达水平明显下降(P<0.05)。⑤DRG组织巨噬细胞超微结构:对照组DRG组织巨噬细胞形态呈近圆形,有圆钝形突起;模型组DRG组织巨噬细胞形态呈扁平状,有伪足,胞体比对照组大;电针组DRG组织巨噬细胞的形态呈近圆形,胞体比对照组大。结论:电针双侧足三里穴可改善紫杉醇诱导的神经病理痛小鼠疼痛程度,其机制可能是电针通过下调DRG中MCP-1表达,抑制巨噬细胞在DRG组织中的浸润,减少DRG组织中IL-1β、iNOS和CD68炎症因子释放,从而发挥镇痛作用。