The Hua-yi system represents an enduring international order in East Asia,dating back nearly two millennia,structured and developed within the framework of Chinese culture.While the contemporary international system p...The Hua-yi system represents an enduring international order in East Asia,dating back nearly two millennia,structured and developed within the framework of Chinese culture.While the contemporary international system predominantly follows the Westphalian model,mainstream international relations theories are primarily grounded in it.However,Western theories have proven inadequate in explaining the longstanding Hua-yi system in East Asia comprehensively.Adopting a positivist stance,this paper undertakes an examination of the theoretical underpinnings of the Hua-yi system through an analysis of its connotations and historical development.It elucidates the system through the lenses of hegemony stability theory and constructivist cultural perspectives.Present-day East Asian nations are urged to engage dialectically with the Hua-yi system and uphold its practices of“cultural soft border”.Amidst the global trend of multi-polarization,East Asian nations should realign with East Asian perspectives and interests,endeavoring to establish a neo-Hua-yi system with responsibility at its core.展开更多
This study analyzes how the meaning of yi(夷,barbarian)was constructed in different historical contexts at the end of the Qing dynasty,which is important for us to reconsider xenophobia and Sino-centrism both in the p...This study analyzes how the meaning of yi(夷,barbarian)was constructed in different historical contexts at the end of the Qing dynasty,which is important for us to reconsider xenophobia and Sino-centrism both in the past and present.Our study combines contextual with intertextual reading methods.It places different materials,including missionaries’works,newspapers,and official documents,in their specific historical contexts and links them to obtain a full picture of this transformation.We argue that yi was invented.Various agents and actors created the connotation of yi to suit their interests.It was transformed by the Qing court from“barbarians”to those who follow Confucianism to justify their rule.Then it was first translated as“foreigners”and later as“barbarians”when Europeans came to China.Our study situates the meaning of yi to help us rethink some of the labels and misconceptions attached to yi and the early missionaries in China.展开更多
文摘The Hua-yi system represents an enduring international order in East Asia,dating back nearly two millennia,structured and developed within the framework of Chinese culture.While the contemporary international system predominantly follows the Westphalian model,mainstream international relations theories are primarily grounded in it.However,Western theories have proven inadequate in explaining the longstanding Hua-yi system in East Asia comprehensively.Adopting a positivist stance,this paper undertakes an examination of the theoretical underpinnings of the Hua-yi system through an analysis of its connotations and historical development.It elucidates the system through the lenses of hegemony stability theory and constructivist cultural perspectives.Present-day East Asian nations are urged to engage dialectically with the Hua-yi system and uphold its practices of“cultural soft border”.Amidst the global trend of multi-polarization,East Asian nations should realign with East Asian perspectives and interests,endeavoring to establish a neo-Hua-yi system with responsibility at its core.
文摘This study analyzes how the meaning of yi(夷,barbarian)was constructed in different historical contexts at the end of the Qing dynasty,which is important for us to reconsider xenophobia and Sino-centrism both in the past and present.Our study combines contextual with intertextual reading methods.It places different materials,including missionaries’works,newspapers,and official documents,in their specific historical contexts and links them to obtain a full picture of this transformation.We argue that yi was invented.Various agents and actors created the connotation of yi to suit their interests.It was transformed by the Qing court from“barbarians”to those who follow Confucianism to justify their rule.Then it was first translated as“foreigners”and later as“barbarians”when Europeans came to China.Our study situates the meaning of yi to help us rethink some of the labels and misconceptions attached to yi and the early missionaries in China.
