Reflections on Studying Huang Di Nei Jing in the West

Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) has been the source text of Chinese medicine knowledge and innovation for over two thousand years. Despite this key relevance, many of its ideas and practices have proven difficult to understand and implement fully into clinical practice. Cultural and language differences can be compounded with these challenges but may also present new opportunities for advancement and insight when studied by researchers outside of the originating culture. This article introduces the method of Classical-Text Archaeology and delves into the author’s two-decade journey of researching this text, with a discussion on cultural differences and issues of medical scholarship.

Research on the origin of the theory of“heart as monarch”in Huang Di Nei Jing(Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)

Scholars have previously attributed the theoretical origin of“the heart is the monarch/ruler”to the monarchical view of politics.However,according to the latest unearthed documents and relevant documents handed down from ancient times,it can be found that the theory of“the heart is the monarch”might derive from the importance of attachment to the“Zhong”ideology in traditional culture,which promoted the concept that the heart as the center of body,should be the ruler and was later evolved as the“monarch”.Similar cognitive views were all mentioned in Confucianism,Taoism,eclectics scholars and other pre-Qin literature,but only in the system of traditional Chinese medicine,they played a significant role in building the heart-centered theory of Zang-Fu.Traditional Chinese medicine is a discipline developed mainly by clinical practice with the fundamental purpose of curing diseases and saving people.Although the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)roots in the pre-Qin Dynasty,the development is unique to the other philosophies.With rich cultural connotations and philosophical thoughts,TCM is certainly the key to the treasures of Chinese civilization and deserves more attention and exploration.

Global Localization and Overseas Dissemination of Huang Di Nei Jing English Translation

Aiming to promote overseas acceptance level of the domestic English version of Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen on the premise of preserving the cultural characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this paper made a comparative analysis of different translations of Chinese character "和"(he) in three English versions of Su Wen, based on the discourse theory of "global localization". The analysis reveals that Li’s translation uses the strategy of transliteration plus interpretation to preserve the original Chinese classic’s style, thinking, and ideas, but the effect is not satisfactory. Veith’s free translation enables overseas readers to understand the content relatively easily, but fails to convey the rich TCM cultural connotation. Unschuld’s translation strictly follows the principles of linguistics in order to reflect the original thinking and idea to the utmost extent, and at the same time takes into account the expressions commonly used by the readers of English-speaking countries. That’s the reason why his translation enjoys the greatest popularity among professionals and the general public alike overseas. It is also clear from the analysis that different social historical contexts in which Su Wen was translated and each translator’s subjectivity determine translation’s target audiences, purposes, and ultimately translation strategies. Therefore, in order to speed up the "going out" of TCM culture, domestic translators are suggested to determine target audience and translation purpose in the first place, and study overseas readers’ knowledge background, information needs, reading habits, and value orientation before deciding the translation strategies.

Series of Interpretation on Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic (Ⅲ):Unity of Spirit and Body:Views from Huang Di Nei Jing (《黄帝内经》Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)

Human life activities are inevitably affected by the surrounding environment,such as natural and social environment.It is the basic principle of TCM to set a series of medical practice activities.TCM believes that the social environment has an inestimable influence on the mind and body of human beings.This study introduces the unity of spirit and body in traditional Chinese medicine.

The Taoism Philosophy within Traditional Chinese Medicine:The Relation between Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)anti Dao De Jing(《道德经》Tao Te Jing)

Taoism refers lo an indigenous Chinese philosophical and religious tradition.For more than two and a half millennia,it has had a profound social and intellectual influence on Eastern Asia and since the 19^th century has deeply influenced Western countries.Dao DeJing(《道德经》Tao TeJing)is still considered to be the primary text of Taoism.The Too TeJing is attributed to Laozi,the classical Chinese Philosopher,and describes the major doctrines of Taoism.It is most relevant to Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This article offers a brief introduction to the Taoism within TCM-the relation between Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor s Inner Classic)and Dao De Jing(《道德经》Tao TeJing).

Series of Interpretation on Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic: Two Correspondence between Human and the Heaven: Views from Huang Di Nei Jing (《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)

This paper introduces the relations between human and the nature in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).TCM is a science dedicated to studies on laws of human life activities.

From TCM Practice to Classic Texts:The Case of Henry C.Lu’s A Complete Translation of the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine and the Difficult Classic(Nei-Jing and Nan-Jing)

In memory of Dr.Henry C.Lu,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,educator and translator,this article provides an overview of his masterpiece A Complete Translation of the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine and the Difficult Classic(Nei-Jing and Nan-Jing)from the perspectives of book section,translation ideology and translation strategies.We then identify the features of TCM classics translated by overseas TCM practitioners and educators through analyzing exemplary characteristics of this translation.Their translations are often teaching oriented with plain and easy-to-read language,thus making TCM classics practical and applicable in clinic practice.Although these works are found in very few library collections of academic institutions,they received positive comments from readers including foreign TCM practitioners and students.

Discussion on the Theory of Pricking Blood in Nei Jing from the Perspective of Time

Objective:The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of time factors recorded in Nei Jing,such as changes of Yin Yang in four seasons,the wax and wane of the moon and the rhythm of Yin Yang in a day,on pricking blood therapy.Methods:The contents of pricking blood according to time in Nei Jing is studied by using the method of literature review.Results:Through the research,this paper concludes that(1)pricking blood according to time takes"the correspondence between nature and man"as the dominant thought,"meridian Qi and Blood"as the regulating object,and"time factor"as the specie operation key,which reflects the influence of time on pricking blood therapy;(2)pricking blood therapy has different speci行c operations according to different time,which can be roughly divided into three situations.One is to prick blood according to the change of seasons,pricking shallowly with expelling less blood in spring and summer and pricking deeply with squeezing more blood out in autumn and winter.The second is pricking blood according to the laws of moon's wax and wane.When the moon is born,the amount of bleeding should be less;when the moon is full,the amount of bleeding should be more;when the moon wanes,pricking blood therapy should not be used.Thirdly,take pricking blood therapy according to circadian rhythm.It is more suitable to use pricking blood therapy in the morning than afternoon.Conclusion:As a characteristic therapy of TCM,pricking blood embodies the idea of"the correspondence between nature and man"in TCM.Adopting different pricking blood rules according to the change of time can improve the clinical therapeutic effect.The thought of pricking according to time plays an important guiding role in the application of pricking blood therapy in clinic.

The influence of the study of Confucianism and Taoism on the connotation of Shen in Nei Jing

This article analyzes the connotation of Shen in Confucianism and Taoism and Shen in Nei Jing by using the method of literature review,and it raises:the two are closely related.First of all,on the basis of the meaning of"god"before the pre-Qin period,the study of Confucianism and Taoism enriches the connotation of Shen,it extracts many implications,such as"magic","unpredictable","mental spirits","Xin Shen","intelligence","laws"etc.,endowing Shen with philosophy meanings.Secondly,Nei Jing introduces Shen with philosophy meanings into the field of Chinese medicine to explain phenomena related to life,at the same time,it confirms the reality of Shen and constructs a complete Shen theory system.

清代雍正时期黄中海道针经考释

黄中海道针经,是雍正五年至七年由文登县知县黄中,根据邑中长老口述而加工编撰的一段从天津至山东自北而南沿海航行的指南。雍正《山东通志》将是段海程收录,这是目前所见最接近原始记录的文献。是部海道针经,详细记叙了沿山东半岛一带海域的地文、水文与气象现象,并总结其规律,具有很强的科学性与实操性,它代表了在传统社会条件下海洋科学技术所能达到的最高峰。同时,它展现出一幅沿线生民捕鱼、商贸、信仰与国家海上管理的清晰生动图景。对黄中海道针经的考释,也让我们重新思考国家层面上的河运海运之争,清代因袭明重农防海的基本国策,由此构建出的一套话语体系,不但遮蔽了繁忙发达的海上往来,而且极大地延迟了海运替代河运的时间。

中医经典海外传播研究——以《黄帝内经》海外课堂为例

中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝内经》课堂,发现其以“汉字立论”的跨国际授课方式对中医经典的海外传播与教授具有借鉴意义。未来,中医经典海外传播应加大人才培养力度,保持积极的开放态度,并与更多海外汉学家建立联系。

基于六经开阖枢理论探赜遗精治疗

六经开阖枢理论首见于《黄帝内经》,阐述三阴三阳为天地之道、生杀之本的观点,强调通过调节枢机开阖以实现一气周流无碍,气血阴阳平衡。兹从六经阴阳开阖枢理论探赜遗精的治疗,认为肝、脾、肾枢机斡旋失司、开阖失调是遗精发生的关键,分而论之为土湿阳衰、肝木不升、水火失交、肾虚水寒,从而出现气化不利,加重壅塞,最终导致遗精。因此,治疗应强调恢复枢机开阖之力,调控肝、心、脾、肾各脏气机升降出入的动态平衡,应用疏肝解郁、交通心肾、温肾助阳等治法,引导厥阴、少阴、少阳等经脉正气回归,达到气血循行通畅、脏腑功能恢复的目的,为遗精的临床治疗提供新思路。

基于《黄帝内经》“阴平阳秘”理论探讨运用温阳法治疗皮肤病

“阴平阳秘,精神乃治”意指人体最佳健康状态。阴阳理论是中医理论的根基,调和阴阳是治疗慢性皮肤病的关键。阴阳平衡的关键在于阳气足,阳气充足则卫外固密,正气存内,邪气难以入侵,无形之邪难以化为有形之邪。临证中发现,阳化气不足是皮肤病发生发展的重要原因之一。通过温阳散邪,辅以解肌祛风、调和营卫、温通散寒、清热解毒、养血润燥等法,可使虚阳得温,阳伏阴中,阴平阳秘,诸病得消。

“粗守关上守机”理论下疼痛的多维针刺治疗策略

据古鉴今,探讨《黄帝内经》中“粗守关上守机”理论内涵并详悉其与多维疼痛的针刺治疗关联性。从《黄帝内经》“粗守关上守机”理论出发,结合现代生理、心理及社会关系三方面影响,与疼痛三维度进行相关性分析,并从“守关”“守机”两层角度论述针刺治痛的多维策略,实现疼痛的全方位治疗,在符合人体生理、病理基础,彰显良好社会关系上,将为患者带来明显获益。

基于《黄帝内经》营卫理论探讨银屑病的发生发展

银屑病,中医称之为白疕,是一种慢性的炎症性的皮肤疾病,具有很强的遗传倾向和自身免疫致病特征,并且与许多其他疾病相关。该病病因及病机尚未彻底明确,且临床治疗较难,易反复,严重影响患者身心健康。近年来,中医在治疗银屑病方面疗效显著,可是关于该病的发生,以及迁延不愈的难题却始终困惑着病人和临床医师。笔者主要从《黄帝内经》的营卫学说角度,立足于阴阳理论,以卫失卫外,营失内守,内生痰浊瘀血为病机,以调和营卫、固护脾胃为治疗原则,深刻阐析了银屑病发生发展的中医理论根源,认为营卫失和是引起银屑病发生和缠绵难愈的核心原因,并指出银屑病共患病的产生也与营卫不和所引起的机体环境变化有关,因此该文用《内经》营卫理论可以为银屑病的预防治疗提出了新思路。

从脉痹论糖尿病下肢动脉硬化症辨治

目前随着人民生活水平的逐渐提高,2型糖尿病在中国的患病率逐年升高,其并发症也随之显露,而下肢动脉硬化症作为2型糖尿病的一种严重并发症,在临床上应做到早治疗、延缓其发展。文章通过脉痹理论来论述糖尿病下肢动脉硬化症,将其与脉痹的病因病机相比较,得出脉痹与糖尿病下肢动脉硬化症密切相关,然后对其病因病机进行了详细的分析论述、及对其病程的发展演变进行了详细梳理。最后,对其治疗方法进行了系统的归纳总结。并在此基础上对糖尿病下肢动脉硬化症的中医治疗给出了建议。得到以下主要结论:临床上以温阳散寒通脉法、清热祛湿解毒法、益气活血化瘀法、滋阴益气活络法、疏肝行气活血法为常见。

从《黄帝内经》“九针之宜,各有所为”思想浅论罐具在拔罐中的作用

罐具是拔罐的载体,发展到当代罐具种类丰富,使用不同罐具拔罐所产生的刺激量不同,发挥的治疗效应亦有差异。临床上应当根据不同的病证选择不同的罐具,但对罐具性能功用的论述尚不成熟。《黄帝内经》中记载用于针灸临床的多种针具被称为九针,从九针的长短形状规格论述了不同针具在刺激层次与刺激量上的差异,提出不同针具治疗效果、适应病证有所不同的“九针之宜,各有所为”理论。在此思想的启发下,讨论罐具的大小规格材质等方面对拔罐作用效应的影响,提出罐具的形质不同,产生的刺激层次、刺激量、治疗效应不同,适应病证的种类亦不同,即“罐具不同,各有所施”,以期为临床上罐具的选择提供参考。

《黄帝内经》之“肾治于里”理论探赜

“肾治于里”一词首见于《黄帝内经》,常理解为“肾位置在里,主治于里”或“肾主水,其气内治于里”。然而,众医者对其含义认识仍有分歧,在指导临床实践时亦有困惑。从“肾治于里”的文义、理论意义及临床价值方面进行探赜,“肾治于里”的文义可从肾的位置、肾的功能、肾与易学三方面解读,其理论意义及临床价值可从“肾为至阴,五行主水”“肾与冬应,藏精,主蛰守位”“肾内寓真阴真阳、为脏腑阴阳之本”“肾之经脉属少阴”四方面阐释。虽然众医者对“肾治于里”理论的诠释不同,呈现出各家学说的特点,但本质上均是对《黄帝内经》“肾治于里”理论的传承创新。因此,医者在临床应用时要灵活运用,为“肾治于里”的临床运用提供理论支撑。

哲学诠释学视域下的中医典籍翻译批评多维度研究--以《黄帝内经·素问》为例

典籍外译是弘扬中国文化的重要组成部分。长期以来翻译批评关注文学翻译,非文学翻译质量得不到改善。《黄帝内经》作为中国现存最早的医学典籍,其翻译批评研究具有深远的意义。本文从哲学诠释学视角出发,以威斯译本和李照国译本为例,从文本、译者、接受三个维度探讨《黄帝内经·素问》的翻译批评研究,从而推动中医典籍翻译批评形成一个深层、多元、动态的研究体系。

基于桂枝汤类方、麻黄汤类方探析仲景“调、畅”营卫思路

仲景营卫理论源于《内经》,首次提出营卫不和病机观点,首创六经系统辨证法,阐明营卫不和分型论治。在六经辨证体系构建中,营卫调畅是六经病证的生理病理基础,营卫理论作为主线贯穿始终。类方理论是窥探仲景营卫观的铜镜,在《伤寒论》《金匮要略》方论中,以桂枝汤类方、麻黄汤类方体现的最为突出,认为桂枝汤类方“调”营卫,麻黄汤类方“畅”营卫。因此,可以通过桂枝汤类方、麻黄汤类方探析仲景“调、畅”营卫思路,为仲景学术的传承、发展和创新奠定基础。