Simulation and Analysis of Land System Structure Changes in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain Area

The dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain between 1988 and 2000 were researched in this paper. Spatial dominance econometric model was estabilished on 1 km cell to quantificafionally analyze the driving-force for the dynamic change mechanism of land system, such as natural, social and economic factors. The future dynamic changes of land system in Huang - Huai - Hai Plain on each 1 km cell during 2000 to 2020 were stimulated by combining the dynamic changes of land system on each 1 km cell with different situations. The research indicated that the dynamic changes of land system structure changed mainly from the cultivated areas to building areas and industrial areas, and forest areas increased during this period. Although the revolutions of land system structure were different during 2000 to 2020 with the different referrence standard, ecological protection and economic development, the primary dynamic changes of land system structure were that the increase of building land areas with the decline cuhivaled land areas and the increase of woodlands.

黄淮海平原气候变化及其对耕地生产潜力的影响

利用1991年和2000年黄淮海平原气象台站的历史观测资料,分析该地区气温、降水的变化趋势,并利用农业生态地带(AEZ)模型估算黄淮海平原各农业生态区的耕地生产潜力。通过分析气温、降水与耕地生产潜力的关系,评价气候变化对耕地生产潜力的影响。研究发现,黄淮海平原耕地生产潜力与降水量、气温呈显著正相关。对各农业生态区的回归分析表明,如果气温或降水量提高10%,耕地生产潜力将分别提高3.2%与0.3%。该研究对制订应对气候变化、保护耕地与提高耕地生产潜力方面的决策具有参考价值。

黄淮海平原劣质地下水分布及其成因分析

通过对黄淮海平原(河南省部分)劣质地下水(包括咸水、高氟、高铁、高锰原生劣质地下水和次生环境下被污染地下水)分布特征的阐述,分析了水质型缺水地区原生劣质地下水成因类型及影响因素。结果表明,原生咸水成因类型主要有古湖沼相掩埋型、古河道埋藏型和古盐渍化型,高氟地下水的形成主要受气候条件、地貌条件、地质条件、水文地质条件、水化学环境、土壤条件等影响,地下水中铁、锰离子主要来源于含水层中含铁、锰矿物的淋溶,而地下水的污染途径主要是污水灌溉和沟渠污水入渗。

现代农业中黄淮海地区适宜绿肥种植模式分析

在作物品种不断出新,栽培技术不断革新、农业机械化水平不断提高等现代农业体系条件下,发展多样化的绿肥种植利用模式,采取因地制宜、见缝插针、有空就种、用养结合的原则,既可解决黄淮海地区多熟高产与肥料不足的矛盾,又有利于耕作制度的创新和科学种田水平的提升。根据黄淮海地区的自然条件与特点,适宜绿肥种植模式有中高肥力区二粮二肥、二粮一肥;中低肥力区棉肥轮作、棉肥间作;盐碱地区二肥一粮、肥饲兼用等模式。

不同调控措施对黄淮海平原盐碱障碍农田作物及土壤质量动态的影响

为研究不同调控措施对黄淮海平原中低产田盐碱障碍的消除效果及对作物和土壤质量动态的影响,在河南封丘布置小区模拟实验,通过测产、采样和分析,研究四种盐障消除调控处理模式对无盐和盐障区玉米和土壤质量的影响,及各处理的利弊权重。结果表明:盐碱障碍对夏玉米和土壤质量胁迫明显。有机肥处理对增加亩产、消除土壤盐障、提高表土肥力效果最好,但作物体内Na含量和Na/K增加;秸杆覆盖处理对提高亩产、消除土壤盐障效果其次,但作物体内Na含量和Na/K增加、K含量低;饼肥处理对提高亩产、消除土壤盐障效果最差,但利于作物体内降低Na含量和Na/K、提高K含量,并显著增大表土肥效;耐盐作物处理对提高亩产、增强作物体内排Na效果较好,但作物吸收养分离子少、Na/K增加、土壤保肥效果一般、不能消除土壤盐障。针对各处理的不同利弊权重,需采取均衡施肥、多处理交叉配合等措施,扬利除弊,达到消除盐障和提高地力的目标。