The Grain for Green project has had a substantial influence on water conservation in the Huangshui River Basin,China through afforestation and grassland restoration over the past two decades.However,a comprehensive un...The Grain for Green project has had a substantial influence on water conservation in the Huangshui River Basin,China through afforestation and grassland restoration over the past two decades.However,a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function and its driving factors remains incomplete in this basin.In this study,we utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function in the Huangshui River Basin from 2000 to 2020.Additionally,we employed the random forest model,Pearson correlation analysis,and geographical detector(Geodetector)techniques to investigate the primary factors and factor interactions affecting the spatial differentiation of water conservation function.The findings revealed several key points.First,the high-latitude northern region of the study area experienced a significant increase in water conservation over the 21-a period.Second,the Grain for Green project has played a substantial role in improving water conservation function.Third,precipitation,plant available water content(PAWC),grassland,gross domestic product(GDP),and forest land were primary factors influencing the water conservation function.Finally,the spatial differentiation of water conservation function was determined by the interactions among geographical conditions,climatic factors,vegetation biophysical factors,and socio-economic factors.The findings have significant implications for advancing ecological protection and restoration initiatives,enhancing regional water supply capabilities,and safeguarding ecosystem health and stability in the Huangshui River Basin.展开更多
The Huang Shui River, a main tributary of the Yellow River, crosses a series of tectonically subsided and uplifted areas that show different patterns of terrace formation. The distribution of fluvial terrace of the Hu...The Huang Shui River, a main tributary of the Yellow River, crosses a series of tectonically subsided and uplifted areas that show different patterns of terrace formation. The distribution of fluvial terrace of the Huang Shui River is studied through topographic and sedimentologic terrace mapping. Three terraces in the Haiyan Basin, four terraces in the Huangyuan Basin, 19 terraces in the Xi＇ning Basin （the four high terraces may belong to another river）, nine terraces in the Ping＇an Basin, five terraces in the Ledu Basin and 12 terraces in the Minhe Basin are recognized. Sedimentology research shows that the geomorphologic and sedimentological pattern of the Huang Shui River, which is located at the margin of Tibet, are different from that of the rivers at other regions. The formation process of the terrace is more complicated at the Huang Shui catchment： both accumulation terrace and erosion terrace were formed in each basin and accumulation terraces were developed in some basins when erosion terraces were formed in other basins, indicating fluvial aggradation may occur in some basins simultaneously with river incision in other basins. A conceptual model of the formation process of these two kinds of fluvial terraces at Huang Shui catchment is brought forward in this paper. First, the equilibrium state of the river is broken because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement, and the river incises in all basins in the whole catchment until reaching a new equilibrium state. Then, the downstream basin subsides quickly and the equilibrium state is broken again, and the river incises at upstream basins while the river accumulates at the subsidence basin quickly until approaching a new equilibrium state again. Finally, the river incises in the whole catchment because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement and the accumulation terrace is formed at the subsidence basin while the erosion terrace is formed at other basins. The existence of the accumulation terrace implied the tectonic subsidence in the sub-basins in Huang Shui catchment. These tectonic subsidence movements gradually developed from the downstream Minhe Basin to the upstream Huangyuan Basin. Dating the terrace sequence has potential to uncover the relationship between the subsidence in the catchment and the regional tectonic at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Questionnaire survey and CVM were adopted to evaluate economic value of Huangshui Forest Park in Xining,Qinghai.Value of its forest landscapes was assessed,multiple linear regression was established to analyze correla...Questionnaire survey and CVM were adopted to evaluate economic value of Huangshui Forest Park in Xining,Qinghai.Value of its forest landscapes was assessed,multiple linear regression was established to analyze correlation between factors related to willingness-to-pay(WTP).展开更多
River evolution at margins of the Tibetan Plateau may provide valuable information for understanding climatic change and tectonic movement of the past. Here we focus on the Huangshui River,a tributary of the Yellow Ri...River evolution at margins of the Tibetan Plateau may provide valuable information for understanding climatic change and tectonic movement of the past. Here we focus on the Huangshui River,a tributary of the Yellow River,crossing a series of tectonically subsided and uplifted areas that show diversity patterns of terrace formation.The distribution of fluvial terrace is studied by mapping and dating.Three terraces in Haiyan basin,four terraces in Huangyuan basin,19 terraces in Xi’ning basin,nine terraces in Ping’an basin,five terraces in Ledu basin and 12 terraces in Minhe basin are recognized.Magne-展开更多
The Huangshui River,an important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,has been regarded as a mother river which gestates Qinghai civilization in China.This paper presents the results of hydrogen and oxyg...The Huangshui River,an important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,has been regarded as a mother river which gestates Qinghai civilization in China.This paper presents the results of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic and water chemical analyses for the summer and winter Huangshui River water to study its seasonal recharge and major dissolved solutes.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that precipitation in the Qilian Mountains is the original recharge of the Huangshui River.However,in winter,the basic flow of the Huangshui River only depends on spring recharge and spring water originates from melt and infiltration of bottom layer glaciers.In summer,besides spring water,much rainfall directly recharges the Huangshui River,thus making its flux increase greatly.Water chemistry shows that the processes affecting dissolved solutes in the Huangshui River are also different between summer and winter.In summer,major ions in the river water are dominantly derived from carbonate and evaporate dissolution and anthropogenic inputs.In winter,carbonate dissolution decreases greatly while anthropogenic inputs play a much more important role for dissolved solutes in the river.Hence,further measures should be taken to lay stress on the winter Huangshui River water in order to protect the environment of the Huangshui River and reduce effects of dissolved solutes on,or prevent their pollution toward the upper Yellow River.Moreover,some measures also need to be introduced to prevent the possibility of water eutrophication caused by agricultural activities or stock raising in summer.展开更多
为探究浓香型白酒黄水线上下层的出窖酒醅及其基酒风味物质的差异,以典型窖池的黄水线以上酒醅(上层)和黄水层酒醅(下层)为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相质谱联用法对上下层糟醅以及出窖糟醅蒸馏酒中的挥发性风味物质进行分析,同时...为探究浓香型白酒黄水线上下层的出窖酒醅及其基酒风味物质的差异,以典型窖池的黄水线以上酒醅(上层)和黄水层酒醅(下层)为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相质谱联用法对上下层糟醅以及出窖糟醅蒸馏酒中的挥发性风味物质进行分析,同时对两层酒醅中主要的差异性物质在发酵过程含量变化规律进行分析。结果表明,糟醅中检出136种风味物质,基酒中检出152种风味物质,上下层糟醅风味物质总量和基酒风味物质总量存在显著差异性(P<0.05);以出窖酒醅及其基酒挥发性风味物质建立了不同层次的糟醅以及基酒的正交偏最小二乘判别分析,根据模型的变量权重系数(variable importance in projection,VIP)与相对百分含量大于1%筛选出18种主要差异化合物;酒醅与原酒中共有差异性风味物质正丙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、己酸含量差异性显著(P<0.05),分析差异性风味物质发酵过程中的变化规律发现其在发酵后期含量变化较大。该研究解析了浓香型白酒黄水上下层酒醅的风味差异,结果可为浓香型白酒风味物质形成机制以及调控发酵模式提供数据支撑。展开更多
为提高白酒固态发酵的副产物黄水中淀粉含量预测模型精度和建模效率。采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集黄水光谱信息,利用一阶导数对光谱进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建立黄水淀粉定量预测...为提高白酒固态发酵的副产物黄水中淀粉含量预测模型精度和建模效率。采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集黄水光谱信息,利用一阶导数对光谱进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建立黄水淀粉定量预测模型。使用决定系数(R^(2))和预测均方误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)评价模型性能。光谱中含有大量冗余信息,为有效提升黄水淀粉含量检测精度和优化模型效率,将不同特征提取方法的优点结合,发现使用竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)结合连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)提取的光谱特征所建立的PLSR模型,相较于未使用特征提取或仅使用单一特征提取所建立的模型均有明显提升。在单一使用CARS时,模型的R^(2)为0.9654,RMSEP为0.2012%,而结合SPA后,R2为0.9738,RMSEP为0.1748%。此外,光谱维度从2203个减少到了126个,不仅提高了预测精度,也提升了建模效率。本研究提出的方法可作为黄水近红外定量模型优化的有效途径。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3008502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52309103)+2 种基金the Major Science and Technology Programs of the Ministry of Water Resources(MWR)(SKS-2022002)the Chengde Applied Technology Research and Development and Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone Special Science and Technology Plan Project(202305B009)the Qinghai Province Applied Basic Research Program(2024-ZJ-773).
文摘The Grain for Green project has had a substantial influence on water conservation in the Huangshui River Basin,China through afforestation and grassland restoration over the past two decades.However,a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function and its driving factors remains incomplete in this basin.In this study,we utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function in the Huangshui River Basin from 2000 to 2020.Additionally,we employed the random forest model,Pearson correlation analysis,and geographical detector(Geodetector)techniques to investigate the primary factors and factor interactions affecting the spatial differentiation of water conservation function.The findings revealed several key points.First,the high-latitude northern region of the study area experienced a significant increase in water conservation over the 21-a period.Second,the Grain for Green project has played a substantial role in improving water conservation function.Third,precipitation,plant available water content(PAWC),grassland,gross domestic product(GDP),and forest land were primary factors influencing the water conservation function.Finally,the spatial differentiation of water conservation function was determined by the interactions among geographical conditions,climatic factors,vegetation biophysical factors,and socio-economic factors.The findings have significant implications for advancing ecological protection and restoration initiatives,enhancing regional water supply capabilities,and safeguarding ecosystem health and stability in the Huangshui River Basin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.40901002 and 40325007)the 985 project to Nanjing University and the CAS-KNAW PhD project(05-PhD-10)
文摘The Huang Shui River, a main tributary of the Yellow River, crosses a series of tectonically subsided and uplifted areas that show different patterns of terrace formation. The distribution of fluvial terrace of the Huang Shui River is studied through topographic and sedimentologic terrace mapping. Three terraces in the Haiyan Basin, four terraces in the Huangyuan Basin, 19 terraces in the Xi＇ning Basin （the four high terraces may belong to another river）, nine terraces in the Ping＇an Basin, five terraces in the Ledu Basin and 12 terraces in the Minhe Basin are recognized. Sedimentology research shows that the geomorphologic and sedimentological pattern of the Huang Shui River, which is located at the margin of Tibet, are different from that of the rivers at other regions. The formation process of the terrace is more complicated at the Huang Shui catchment： both accumulation terrace and erosion terrace were formed in each basin and accumulation terraces were developed in some basins when erosion terraces were formed in other basins, indicating fluvial aggradation may occur in some basins simultaneously with river incision in other basins. A conceptual model of the formation process of these two kinds of fluvial terraces at Huang Shui catchment is brought forward in this paper. First, the equilibrium state of the river is broken because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement, and the river incises in all basins in the whole catchment until reaching a new equilibrium state. Then, the downstream basin subsides quickly and the equilibrium state is broken again, and the river incises at upstream basins while the river accumulates at the subsidence basin quickly until approaching a new equilibrium state again. Finally, the river incises in the whole catchment because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement and the accumulation terrace is formed at the subsidence basin while the erosion terrace is formed at other basins. The existence of the accumulation terrace implied the tectonic subsidence in the sub-basins in Huang Shui catchment. These tectonic subsidence movements gradually developed from the downstream Minhe Basin to the upstream Huangyuan Basin. Dating the terrace sequence has potential to uncover the relationship between the subsidence in the catchment and the regional tectonic at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.
文摘Questionnaire survey and CVM were adopted to evaluate economic value of Huangshui Forest Park in Xining,Qinghai.Value of its forest landscapes was assessed,multiple linear regression was established to analyze correlation between factors related to willingness-to-pay(WTP).
文摘River evolution at margins of the Tibetan Plateau may provide valuable information for understanding climatic change and tectonic movement of the past. Here we focus on the Huangshui River,a tributary of the Yellow River,crossing a series of tectonically subsided and uplifted areas that show diversity patterns of terrace formation.The distribution of fluvial terrace is studied by mapping and dating.Three terraces in Haiyan basin,four terraces in Huangyuan basin,19 terraces in Xi’ning basin,nine terraces in Ping’an basin,five terraces in Ledu basin and 12 terraces in Minhe basin are recognized.Magne-
文摘The Huangshui River,an important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River,has been regarded as a mother river which gestates Qinghai civilization in China.This paper presents the results of hydrogen and oxygen isotopic and water chemical analyses for the summer and winter Huangshui River water to study its seasonal recharge and major dissolved solutes.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest that precipitation in the Qilian Mountains is the original recharge of the Huangshui River.However,in winter,the basic flow of the Huangshui River only depends on spring recharge and spring water originates from melt and infiltration of bottom layer glaciers.In summer,besides spring water,much rainfall directly recharges the Huangshui River,thus making its flux increase greatly.Water chemistry shows that the processes affecting dissolved solutes in the Huangshui River are also different between summer and winter.In summer,major ions in the river water are dominantly derived from carbonate and evaporate dissolution and anthropogenic inputs.In winter,carbonate dissolution decreases greatly while anthropogenic inputs play a much more important role for dissolved solutes in the river.Hence,further measures should be taken to lay stress on the winter Huangshui River water in order to protect the environment of the Huangshui River and reduce effects of dissolved solutes on,or prevent their pollution toward the upper Yellow River.Moreover,some measures also need to be introduced to prevent the possibility of water eutrophication caused by agricultural activities or stock raising in summer.
文摘为探究浓香型白酒黄水线上下层的出窖酒醅及其基酒风味物质的差异,以典型窖池的黄水线以上酒醅(上层)和黄水层酒醅(下层)为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相质谱联用法对上下层糟醅以及出窖糟醅蒸馏酒中的挥发性风味物质进行分析,同时对两层酒醅中主要的差异性物质在发酵过程含量变化规律进行分析。结果表明,糟醅中检出136种风味物质,基酒中检出152种风味物质,上下层糟醅风味物质总量和基酒风味物质总量存在显著差异性(P<0.05);以出窖酒醅及其基酒挥发性风味物质建立了不同层次的糟醅以及基酒的正交偏最小二乘判别分析,根据模型的变量权重系数(variable importance in projection,VIP)与相对百分含量大于1%筛选出18种主要差异化合物;酒醅与原酒中共有差异性风味物质正丙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、己酸含量差异性显著(P<0.05),分析差异性风味物质发酵过程中的变化规律发现其在发酵后期含量变化较大。该研究解析了浓香型白酒黄水上下层酒醅的风味差异,结果可为浓香型白酒风味物质形成机制以及调控发酵模式提供数据支撑。
文摘为提高白酒固态发酵的副产物黄水中淀粉含量预测模型精度和建模效率。采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集黄水光谱信息,利用一阶导数对光谱进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建立黄水淀粉定量预测模型。使用决定系数(R^(2))和预测均方误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)评价模型性能。光谱中含有大量冗余信息,为有效提升黄水淀粉含量检测精度和优化模型效率,将不同特征提取方法的优点结合,发现使用竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)结合连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)提取的光谱特征所建立的PLSR模型,相较于未使用特征提取或仅使用单一特征提取所建立的模型均有明显提升。在单一使用CARS时,模型的R^(2)为0.9654,RMSEP为0.2012%,而结合SPA后,R2为0.9738,RMSEP为0.1748%。此外,光谱维度从2203个减少到了126个,不仅提高了预测精度,也提升了建模效率。本研究提出的方法可作为黄水近红外定量模型优化的有效途径。
