Evaluation of the intracellular lipid-lowering effect of polyphenols extract from highland barley in HepG2 cells

Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.

Fecal microbiota transplantation:whole grain highland barley improves glucose metabolism by changing gut microbiota

Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.

Improvement of glucose metabolism in middle-aged mice on a high-fat diet by whole-grain highland barley is related to low methionine levels

Methionine restriction(MR)is an effective dietary strategy to regulate energy metabolism and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in the body,especially in the middle-aged and elderly population.However,the high methionine content of meat products makes this dietary strategy impossible to combine with protein supplementation and MR.Highland barley(HB),a low-methionine cereal,not only provides the body with protein but also has improved glucose metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Therefore,this study evaluated the feasibility of HB as a source of methionine-restricted dietary protein and the potential mechanisms.Middle-aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet(CON),a high-fat diet(HFD),a whole-grain HB high-fat diet(HBHF),or a HBHF+methionine diet(HBHFmet)for 25 weeks.The results showed that the HBHF could keep the body weight,fasting glucose,insulin,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),blood lipids,inflammation,and oxidative stress of HFD mice at normal levels.Compared with the HFD groups,HBHF inhibited pancreatic cell apoptosis and improved insulin secretion while improving hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.However,these efficacies were attenuated in HBHFmet group mice.These findings suggest that HBHF has an MR strategy.

Source model of the 2018 M_(w)7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake constrained by InSAR measurements: Insight into a blind rupture beneath the New Guinea Highlands

The Southern Highland Fold and Thrust Belt(SHFTB),the boundary of the Australian plate and the New Guinea Highland block,significantly contributes to the convergent deformation along the plate bound-ary.However,due to the lack of observation data,the detailed slip pattern of the SHFTB and the orogenic mechanism beneath the New Guinea Highlands remains controversial.On 25 February 2018,the M_(w)7.5 Papua New Guinea(PNG)earthquake struck the southeastern segment of the SHFTB.The detailed rupture characteristics of this event is significant for further clarifying the inter-seismic slip pattern along the SHFTB.Here,the coseismic deformation field of this earthquake was obtained using high-resolution ALOS-2 satellite images.We find that the 2018 M_(w)7.5 PNG earthquake ruptured a large-scaled fault(SHFTB)extending to the lower crust(deeper than 20 km)beneath the New Guinea Highlands,with a dip angle of 24°.The slips on the fault plane are equivalent to moment magnitudes of M_(w)7.51.Three major asperities with thrust-dominated slip of up to 3.94 m are detected on the fault plane.This finding implies that the slip pattern on the eastern segment of the SHFTB is dominated by thrust,rather than with significant sinistral movement,as previously reported.The tectonic deformation across the New Guinea Highlands is possibly concentrated on the large-scale fault SHFTB and primarily controls the intra-continental orogeny in the central Papua New Guinea.

Morphometric Traits Differentiation and Phenotypic Diversity of Two Snail Species Ecotypes Archachatina marginata and Achatina fulica in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

This study was conducted from June 2021 to January 2023 to assess the genetic diversity of giant African snails in the western highlands of Cameroon. A total of 652 snails were randomly collected from the wild in three localities in the western highlands (Bafang, Bafoussam, and Santchou). The study revealed significant variations in morphobiometric characteristics both between species and localities. The predominant shell coloration was brownish with yellow zigzag stripes (65%), while the dominant coloration for shell openings was whitish (48%). Regarding foot coloration, both brown with spotted black and black with spotted brown colorations were dominant (29%). The highest recorded live weight of snails (39.33 ± 34) was found in the species Archachatina marginata. In terms of length measurements (in mm), the length of the right and left sides of the shell was higher in the A. fulica species (49.8 ± 19.7 mm and 40.07 ± 18 mm, respectively). Bafang exhibited the highest values for shell length (56 ± 11 mm) and shell width (46.52 ± 11.46 mm). A. fulica recorded the highest shell length (81.5 ± 27 mm), while A. marginata recorded the highest shell width (49.6 ± 12.1 mm), with the highest values observed in A. fulica from fulica having a slightly higher aperture width value (30 ± 10 mm) compared to A. marginata, while A. marginata had the highest value for aperture length measurement (54.5 ± 12 mm). A. fulica also exhibited the highest values for the length from apex to the first whorl and the length from left to right of the first whorl (43.2 ± 18 mm and 39 ± 19.8 mm, respectively). Strong and positive correlations were observed between the live weight of snails and body measurements regardless of species, except for the number of whorls, which showed very weak or negative correlations with other body measurements. The results of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed three distinct snail population types. These findings provide valuable insights into the phenotypic diversity of edible land snails in the western highlands of Cameroon and can be considered in improvement and conservation programs aimed at enhancing snail meat yield.

Interdecadal Variations of the March Atmospheric Heat Source over the Southeast Asian Low-Latitude Highlands

Based on the fifth-generation reanalysis dataset from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for 1979–2019,we investigated the effects of the circumglobal teleconnection(CGT)on the interdecadal variation of the March atmospheric heat source(AHS)over the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands(SEALLH).The dominant mode of the March AHS over the SEALLH features a monopole structure with an 8–11-year period.Decadal variations in the AHS make an important contribution to the 11-year low-pass filtered component of the AHS index,whichexplains 54.3%of the total variance.The CGT shows a clear interdecadal variation,which explains 59.3%of the total variance.The March AHS over the SEALLH is significantly related to the CGT on interdecadal timescales.When the CGT is optimally excited by a significant cyclonic vorticity source near northern Africa(i.e.,in its positive phase),the SEALLH is dominated by anomalous southerly winds and ascending motions on the east of the anomalous cyclone.The enhanced advection and upward transfer result in a high-enthalpy air mass that converges into and condenses over the SEALLH,leading to a largerthan-average March AHS over this region.The key physical processes revealed by this diagnostic analysis are supported by numerical experiments.

Effects of different thermal processing methods on bioactive components,phenolic compounds,and antioxidant activities of Qingke(highland hull-less barley)

Qingke(highland hull-less barley)is a grain replete with substantial nutrients and bioactive ingredients.In this study,we evaluated the effects of boiling(BO),steaming(ST),microwave baking(MB),far-infrared baking(FB),steam explosion(SE),and deep frying(DF)on bioactive components,phenolic compounds,and antioxidant activities of Qingke compared with the effects of traditional roast(TR).Results showed that the soluble dietary fiber,beta-glucan and water-extractable pentosans of Qingke in dry heat processes of TR,SE,MB and FB had a higher content compared with other thermal methods and had a better antioxidant activity of hydroxyl radical scavenging and a better reduction capacity,while those in wet heat processes of BO and ST had a better antioxidant activity of ABTS radical scavenging and a better Fe^(2+) chelating ability.DF-and SE-Qingke had a higher content of tocopherol,phenolic,and flavonoid.Overall,6 free phenolic compounds and 12 bound phenolic compounds of Qingke were identified,and free phenolic compounds suffered more damage during thermal processing.Principal component analysis showed that SE had more advantages in retaining and improving the main biological active ingredients of Qingke,and it may be the best method for treating Qingke.

连续流动分析法快速测定青稞酒中氰化物

建立了一种利用连续流动分析仪快速、准确测定青稞酒中氰化物含量的方法。结果显示,该方法测定氰化物含量在2.00~200.00μg·L^(-1)浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.3μg·L^(-1),加标回收率为94.8%~96.9%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~2.6%。该方法操作简便快捷,准确度高、检出限低、重现性好,适用于大批量青稞酒中氰化物的检测。

不同品质青稞种子的广泛靶向代谢组学研究

通过测定蛋白质、淀粉、β-葡聚糖和γ-氨基丁酸等品质指标含量,从81个西藏青稞种质资源中挑选出3种不同品质级别的青稞:品质较好的为比如青稞,品质中等的为曲水青稞,品质较差的为巴日白青稞,利用LC-MS/MS对不同品质的青稞种子中代谢物的变化进行研究。结果表明:比如青稞和巴日白青稞(56个代谢物上调,206个下调)、比如青稞和曲水青稞(179个上调,82个下调)、曲水青稞和巴日白青稞(58个上调,240个下调)差异表达显著的代谢物总数分别为262、261、298。差异倍数分析发现,和巴日白青稞相比,比如青稞上调的代谢物主要是酚酸类物质;和曲水青稞相比,比如青稞上调的代谢物主要是花青素类物质;和巴日白青稞相比,曲水青稞上调的代谢物主要是黄酮碳糖苷类物质。代谢通路富集分析结果表明,和品质较差的青稞相比,品质较好青稞的差异代谢物共富集在65条代谢通路上,主要是氨基酸的生物合成、氨酰生物合成、类黄酮生物合成等通路富集显著。和品质中等的青稞相比,品质较好青稞上调的差异代谢物共富集在65条代谢通路上,主要是氨基酸的生物合成、氨酰生物合成和2-氧代环戊烷羧酸甲酯代谢等通路显著富集;和品质较差的青稞相比,品质中等青稞的差异代谢物共富集在61条代谢通路上,主要是黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成、嘌呤代谢、嘧啶代谢、氨酰生物合成。

粤港澳大湾区建设高水平人才高地的关键——以一流人才体系为中心

高水平人才高地不仅是高水平人才聚集区,更是破“五唯”立新标、深化科技体制改革、前瞻布局的人才特区,是原始创新和文理交融的策源地。其核心问题是如何打造一流人才体系,包括一流人才的驱动、甄选、吸引、组织管理与自主培养等。为此本文对愿景驱动、一流人才的标准、甄选方法等进行探讨,分析建设高水平人才高地与一流学科对促进自主培养与留住一流人才的重要作用。鼓励原始创新见效最快的方式是盘点已经问世却尚未得到公认的原创成果,让完成人及时胜出。未来观与AI大爆发决定高水平人才高地建设的前瞻布局,强调安全与发展同等重要。指出借助AI for Science在科研管理创新上的潜力与功效,推动AI+科技评价和AI化改革,知识点考核,杜绝垃圾论文、避免劣币驱逐良币。粤港澳大湾区,特别是深圳,应该从对标硅谷,到跃升为绿色、人文、科技、安全的世界级智慧城市群,实现我国科技的高质量、安全永续的发展,推动世界科学中心建设。

人才高地的演化与形成机理研究:基于硅谷、特拉维夫、中关村、筑波的纵向案例分析

人才高地是世界重要人才中心和创新高地的战略擎画,也是实施新时代人才强国战略的内在要求。在构建“动因-过程-结果”逻辑框架的基础上,选取硅谷、特拉维夫、中关村、筑波进行纵向多案例研究,探讨人才高地的演化与形成过程。研究发现:(1)人才高地演化过程是由初始阶段、发展阶段、成熟阶段构成,经历了竞争优势驱动、政府干预驱动、价值最优驱动的动态更迭;(2)人才高地形成机理显现为资源聚合机理、资源整合机理、资源耦合机理的有序推进,体现出关键科创人才“开发者→架构者→引领者”的演变趋势;(3)人才高地实现了由低阶到高阶的“点状结构-线状结构-网状结构”的递进演化,表现为自发迭代型生成模式、创业延伸型生成模式、生态拓展型生成模式、科研深耕型生成模式等差异化类型。研究结果是构建了人才高地的演化过程理论模型,挖掘了人才高地的过程、机理和模式,以期为建设人才高地和人才平台提供有益借鉴。

高原夏秋胡萝卜营养生长发育规律研究

为研究高原夏秋胡萝卜未先期抽薹植株营养器官的生长发育规律,以耐或易先期抽薹的3个胡萝卜品种为试材,采用连续2 a的高原夏秋露地试验方法,测定不同品种高原夏秋胡萝卜的茎叶与肉质根的鲜重、干重及库活性。结果表明,3个高原夏秋胡萝卜品种随生育进程茎叶和肉质根的鲜重、干重均呈逐渐升高的趋势;叶片迅速生长期,耐抽薹胡萝卜品种茎叶与肉质根的干重显著高于易抽薹品种;在高原夏季长日照条件下,耐抽薹胡萝卜品种的库活性显著高于易抽薹品种,较强的库活性可能是胡萝卜不易发生先期抽薹的内因之一。

不同发酵期浓香型青稞酒糟醅理化指标及基酒香气组分差异

基于前期优化的浓香型青稞酒发酵工艺,探究不同发酵期(40 d,50 d和60 d)对浓香型青稞酒糟醅理化指标和基酒挥发性香气组分的影响。结果表明,不同发酵期浓香型青稞酒出窖糟醅的水分、酸度、还原糖和淀粉差异显著(p<0.05)。随着发酵期的增加,出窖糟醅的水分增加,还原糖、酸度和淀粉呈现下降趋势。延长发酵期有利于延长微生物分解代谢,提高淀粉的利用率,提升出酒率。不同发酵期青稞酒的挥发性香气组分含量差异较大。随着发酵期增加,挥发性香气组分的种类及总含量呈现增加趋势。酸类、醇类和酯类为主要的挥发性香气组分,酸类和醇类组分的含量呈现先增加后下降的趋势,可能与醇酸酯化合成酯类有关,与酯类组分的含量增加趋势相一致。长发酵期有利于提高青稞酒中酯类组分的含量,进而增加青稞酒的香气浓郁度和丰富度。

浸水环境下改性氯氧镁砂浆黏结强度变化规律

为了研究经青稞秸秆灰(HBSA)改性的氯氧镁水泥砂浆(MOCM)作为西部盐湖地区普通混凝土的外防护层,抵御盐湖区卤水侵蚀从而延长混凝土服役寿命的可行性,开展了浸水环境下掺入HBSA的MOCM的黏结强度等试验研究.采用普通混凝土作为黏结基层,以混凝土基层涂刷界面剂、MOCM中掺入HBSA以及砂浆层厚度等影响因素为变量,通过黏结拉拔试验分析各因素对MOCM黏结强度的影响规律,确定最优的设计参数,通过多项式模拟以及MATLAB中网格化处理等数值模拟方法,建立氯氧镁水泥黏结强度时变模型,进一步分析了浸水环境下改性MOCM黏结强度的损伤退化规律.采用微观测试技术分析了MOCM的物相组成、官能团结构、微观形貌、元素映射等特征,揭示了HBSA对MOCM黏结性能的影响机理.结果表明,HBSA中有较多的活性SiO2,能够与MOCM中的水化产物发生二次水化反应,生成水化硅酸镁(M―S―H)凝胶,填充MOCM内部孔隙,增强密实性,提高黏结性能.厚度为18 mm、掺入HBSA,且涂刷界面剂的MOCM黏结强度最高,其在浸水环境下的黏结强度退化速率最慢,基于三次多项式的数值模型能较好地反映其黏结强度的退化规律,最优组YY-18的相关性系数R2达到0.98.

高原地区博物馆经书柜内环境参数稳定性分析

高原地区寒冷干燥,昼夜温差大,日照强,为了研究高原博物馆环境参数的变化情况,对拉萨市某博物馆库房经书柜内外进行为期10个月的温湿度、CO_(2)浓度、VOC浓度、光照强度和紫外线强度监测,分析了环境参数的变化规律、特征和影响因素。结果表明:柜内温湿度随柜外温湿度季节性变化而变化,柜内温湿度日变化小,温湿度平均日较差分别为0.73℃和0.83%,柜外为1.6℃和4.25%,经书柜可以有效保护古籍文物不受柜外环境温湿度日波动的干扰;柜内外温湿度日较差与季节无显著的相关关系,该博物馆建筑围护结构隔热性能较好;温度日较差与CO_(2)浓度日较差呈显著的正相关关系,即库房内工作人员越多,温度日较差越大;柜内VOC容易富集,浓度更高,建议放置活性炭等吸附材料;光照和紫外线强度极低,当前经书柜整体有利于保存。

人才高地竞争发展阶段及评价指标体系研究

建设人才高地是实现新时代人才强国的重要举措。建立人才高地评价指标体系有助于审视人才高地的竞争力水平和发展趋势,也有助于优化人才高地的建设路径。鉴于目前还未形成专业系统的人才高地评价指标体系,人才高地竞争力水平与发展态势如何评估尚未可知,故以国家竞争发展阶段为理论基础,将人才高地发展分为起步、培育、成熟和巩固4个阶段。研究发现,这4个阶段人才高地核心竞争优势来源分别为建设良好人才环境、加大人才投入、提升创新能力和促进可持续竞争力。因此,遵循科学性、可操作性、可比性的评价原则,构建包括人才环境、人才投入、创新能力和可持续竞争力在内的人才高地评价指标体系,以期为我国人才高地建设和发展提供思路。

加工对青稞营养成分及生物活性影响的研究进展

青稞是藏区人民的主要粮食,含有丰富的淀粉、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素、膳食纤维、β-葡聚糖、多酚、氨基酸等多种营养和功能成分,具有降血脂、降血糖、降胆固醇、抗氧化、调节胃肠道等保健功能。青稞麸皮厚、口感差、难消化,经常需通过加工处理才可食用。过热蒸汽、烘烤、炒制、蒸、煮等热加工方法以及萌发是青稞常见的加工方式,青稞经过不同的加工过程中会对其营养成分的含量和结构产生一定的影响,其降血糖、降血脂等生物活性也会有所改变。本文就近10年来不同加工方式对青稞营养成分及生物活性的影响进行了综述,并对青稞加工过程变化规律和影响因素进行了探讨,最后对营养健康产品开发进行了展望。以期对青稞营养功能的深入研究、品质提升、加工工艺创新、新产品开发等具有一定的参考价值。

国家重要先进制造业高地的内涵、特征与建设路径

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