基于江苏海域定点观测资料的双峰谱谱型研究

江苏海域作为全国海上风电重点建设海域,走向远海是未来发展的主趋势,外海开敞海域涌浪成分较多,海浪谱往往以双峰谱的形式出现,因此双峰谱海浪的谱型特征需要进一步深入研究,为海上施工提供参考依据。基于浮标测站2018年全年观测数据,经过异常值检验、双峰谱识别后得到1 223笔双峰谱数据,进而研究江苏海域波浪双峰谱谱型特征,对比不同典型双峰谱谱型并展开实测双峰谱的拟合,提出了修正谱宽参量,探究了修正系数、峰升高因子、谱宽参量间的依赖关系,得到了双峰谱拟合谱型表达式。结果表明:基于北大西洋海域提出Ochi-Hubble谱系及基于挪威海域提出的Torsethaugen谱并不适用于江苏海域双峰谱谱型,本文提出的双峰JONSWAP拟合谱具有自适应性,可以科学合理地描述江苏海域双峰谱谱型,并推广应用于不同风场、地形条件的海域中。

Hubble Tension Explanation from This Cosmological Model AΛΩ (Slow Bang Model, SB)

In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of the evolution of space-time as well as an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms. We find an explanation of the Hubble tension H0. Indeed, we have seen that this constant depends on the transceiver pair which can vary from the lowest observable value, from photons of the CMB (theoretical [km/s/Mpc]) to increasingly higher values depending on the earlier origin of the formation of the observed galaxy or cluster (ETG ~0.3 [Gy], ~74 [km/s/Mpc]). We have produced a theoretical table of the values of the constant according to the possible pairs of transmitter/receiver in the case where these galaxies follow the Hubble flow without large disturbance. The calculated theoretical values of the constant are in the order of magnitude of all values mentioned in past studies. Subsequently, we applied the models to 9 galaxies and COMA cluster and found that the models predict acceptable values of their distances and Hubble constant since these galaxies mainly follow the Hubble flow rather than the effects of a galaxy cluster or a group of clusters. In conclusion, we affirm that this Hubble tension does not really exist and it is rather the understanding of the meaning of this constant that is questioned.

On a Cosmological Model with Variable Time Flow

The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations and it describes a homogeneous, isotropic and expanding universe. The FLRW metric and the Friedmann equations form the basis of the ΛCDM model. In this article, a metric which is based on the FLRW metric and that includes a space scale factor and a newly introduced time scale factor T(t)is elaborated. The assumption is that the expansion or contraction of the dimensions of space and time in a homogeneous and isotropic universe depend on the energy density. The Christoffel symbols, Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar are derived. By evaluating the results using Einstein’s field equations and the energy momentum tensor, a hypothetical modified cosmological model is obtained. This theoretical model provides for a cosmic inflation, the accelerated expansion of spacetime as well avoids the flatness and fine-tuning problems.

Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part II-Analysis Based on Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron was represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It was shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy, and the time duration of emission is constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paper, a similar analysis is conducted with a chain of electrons oscillating sinusoidally and located above a conducting plane. In the thought experiment presented in this paper, the behavior of the energy radiated by the chain of oscillating electrons is studied in the frequency domain as a function of the length L of the chain. It is shown that when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the energy radiated within a single burst of duration of half a period of oscillation is constrained by the fact that electromagnetic energy consists of photons, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density emerges as a result. The derived inequality is given by where is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 5.38 × 10-10 J/m. The result obtained here is in better agreement with experimental data than the one obtained in Part I of this paper with time domain radiation.

JWST Discoveries and the Hypersphere World-Universe Model: Transformative New Cosmology

Twenty-six years ago, a small committee report built upon earlier studies to articulate a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy. This vision called for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least four meters. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people brought this vision to life as the 6.5-meter James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The telescope is working perfectly, delivering much better image quality than expected [1]. JWST is one hundred times more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope and has already captured spectacular images of the distant universe. A view of a tiny part of the sky reveals many well-formed spiral galaxies, some over thirteen billion light-years away. These observations challenge the standard Big Bang Model (BBM), which posits that early galaxies should be small and lack well-formed spiral structures. JWST’s findings are prompting scientists to reconsider the BBM in its current form. Throughout the history of science, technological advancements have led to new results that challenge established theories, sometimes necessitating their modification or even abandonment. This happened with the geocentric model four centuries ago, and the BBM may face a similar reevaluation as JWST provides more images of the distant universe. In 1937, P. Dirac proposed the Large Number Hypothesis and the Hypothesis of Variable Gravitational Constant, later incorporating the concept of Continuous Creation of Matter in the universe. The Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) builds on these ideas, introducing a distinct mechanism for matter creation. WUM is proposed as an alternative to the prevailing BBM. Its main advantage is the elimination of the “Initial Singularity” and “Inflation”, offering explanations for many unresolved problems in Cosmology. WUM is presented as a natural extension of Classical Physics with the potential to bring about a significant transformation in both Cosmology and Classical Physics. Considering JWST’s discoveries, WUM’s achievements, and 87 years of Dirac’s proposals, it is time to initiate a fundamental transformation in Astronomy, Cosmology, and Classical Physics. The present paper is a continuation of the published article “JWST Discoveries—Confirmation of World-Universe Model Predictions” [2] and a summary of the paper “Hypersphere World-Universe Model: Digest of Presentations John Chappell Natural Philosophy Society” [3]. Many results obtained there are quoted in the current work without full justification;interested readers are encouraged to view the referenced papers for detailed explanations.

A New Version of the Lambda-CDM Cosmological Model, with Extensions and New Calculations

This article gives a state-of-the-art description of the cosmological Lambda-CDM model and in addition, presents extensions of the model with new calculations of background and CMB functions. Chapters 1-4 describe the background part of the model, i.e. the evolution of scale factor and density according to the Friedmann equations, and its extension, which results in a correction of the Hubble parameter, in agreement with new measurements (Cepheids-SNIa and Red-Giants). Based on this improved background calculation presented in chapters 5-9 the perturbation part of the model, i.e. the evolution of perturbation and structure according to the perturbed Einstein equations and continuity-Euler equations, and the power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is calculated with a new own code.

Predicting High Precision Hubble Constant Determinations Based on a New Theoretical Relationship between CMB Temperature and H0

Based on considerable progress made in understanding the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature from a deep theoretical perspective, this paper demonstrates a useful and simple relationship between the CMB temperature and the Hubble constant. This allows us to predict the Hubble constant with much higher precision than before by using the CMB temperature. This is of great importance, since it will lead to much higher precision in various global parameters of the cosmos, such as the Hubble radius and the age of the universe. We have improved uncertainty in the Hubble constant all the way down to 66.8712 ± 0.0019 km/s/Mpc based on data from one of the most recent CMB studies. Previous studies based on other methods have rarely reported an uncertainty much less than approximately ±1 km/s/Mpc for the Hubble constant. Our deeper understanding of the CMB and its relation to H0seems to be opening a new era of high-precision cosmology, which may well be the key to solving the Hubble tension, as alluded to herein. Naturally, our results should also be scrutinized by other researchers over time, but we believe that, even at this stage, this deeper understanding of the CMB deserves attention from the research community.

How to Predict the Temperature of the CMB Directly Using the Hubble Parameter and the Planck Scale Using the Stefan-Boltzmann Law

Based on recent progress in quantum gravity and quantum cosmology, we are also presenting a way to estimate the temperature in the cosmos, the Hubble sphere, from a relation between the Planck temperature and the Hubble scale. Our analysis predicts the Hubble sphere temperature of 2.72 K with the one standard deviation confidence interval between 2.65 K and 2.80 K, which corresponds well with the measured temperature observed from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) of about 2.72 K. This adds evidence that there is a close connection between the Planck scale, gravity, and the cosmological scales as anticipated by Eddington already in 1918.1.

The Hawking Hubble Temperature as the Minimum Temperature, the Planck Temperature as the Maximum Temperature, and the CMB Temperature as Their Geometric Mean Temperature

Using a rigorous mathematical approach, we demonstrate how the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature could simply be a form of geometric mean temperature between the minimum time-dependent Hawking Hubble temperature and the maximum Planck temperature of the expanding universe over the course of cosmic time. This mathematical discovery suggests a re-consideration of Rh=ctcosmological models, including black hole cosmological models, even if it possibly could also be consistent with the Λ-CDM model. Most importantly, this paper contributes to the growing literature in the past year asserting a tightly constrained mathematical relationship between the CMB temperature, the Hubble constant, and other global parameters of the Hubble sphere. Our approach suggests a solid theoretical framework for predicting and understanding the CMB temperature rather than solely observing it.1.

Upsilon Constants and Their Usefulness in Planck Scale Quantum Cosmology

This paper introduces the two Upsilon constants to the reader. Their usefulness is described with respect to acting as coupling constants between the CMB temperature and the Hubble constant. In addition, this paper summarizes the current state of quantum cosmology with respect to the Flat Space Cosmology (FSC) model. Although the FSC quantum cosmology formulae were published in 2018, they are only rearrangements and substitutions of the other assumptions into the original FSC Hubble temperature formula. In a real sense, this temperature formula was the first quantum cosmology formula developed since Hawking’s black hole temperature formula. A recent development in the last month proves that the FSC Hubble temperature formula can be derived from the Stephan-Boltzmann law. Thus, this Hubble temperature formula effectively unites some quantum developments with the general relativity model inherent in FSC. More progress towards unification in the near-future is expected.

Introducing a 2nd Universal Space-Time Constant Can Explain the Observed Age of the Universe and Dark Energy

The purpose of this paper is to introduce new theoretical concepts as opposed to accepting the existence of dark entities, such as dark energy. This research sought to introduce a 2nd universal space-time constant, besides having a finite speed constant (speed of light in vacuum c). A finite universal age constant b is introduced. Namely, this paper shows that the changes in the Earth’s anomalistic year duration over time support the hypothesis of the age of the universe correlating with a maximum number of orbital revolutions constant. Neglecting the gravitational influence of other cosmological entities in the proximity of the Earth, the constant maximum number of revolutions is herewith determined solely by the Earth’s orbital revolutions around the Sun. The value of the universal age constant b is calculated to be around 13.8 billion orbital revolutions, derived out of an equation related to the changes in the Earth’s anomalistic year duration over time and the so-called Hubble tension. The above-mentioned calculated value b correlates well with the best fit to measured data of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) by the Planck spacecraft, the age of the observed universe is measured to be approximately 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years (2018 final data release). Developing a theory with this 2nd universal space-time constant b, being covariant with respect to the Lorentz transformations when time spans are large, gives results such as: A confirmation of the measured CMBR value of 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years. Correlating well with the observed expansion rate of the universe (dark energy). The universe’s expansion accelerating over the last four to five billion years.

How the Flat Space Cosmology Model Correlates the Recombination CMB Temperature of 3000 K with a Redshift of 1100

This paper shows how the Flat Space Cosmology model correlates the recom-bination epoch CMB temperature of 3000 K with a cosmological redshift of 1100. This proof is given in support of the recent publication that the Tatum and Seshavatharam Hubble temperature formulae can be derived using the Stephan-Boltzmann dispersion law. Thus, as explained herein, the era of high precision Planck scale quantum cosmology has arrived.

A Comment on the Hubble Expansion Parameter Tension

We point out that the recent baryon acoustic oscillation measurement by the Dark Energy Survey collaboration relieves the Hubble expansion parameter tension.

多层隔热材料飞行试验研究综述

考虑在低地球轨道中热控材料的性能变化直接影响航天器的温度,本文从3个方面研究了多层隔热组件的在轨性能变化。首先,介绍了地面模拟空间环境对热控材料的破坏试验;然后,重点对比分析了哈勃望远镜、长期暴露装置和国际空间站上多层隔热组件样本的试验数据,得到了相关的材料性能结果;最后,详细描述了哈勃望远镜维修用多层隔热组件面膜的地面筛选试验。通过对比在轨飞行数据和地面试验数据发现,影响近地轨道卫星多层隔热组件面膜寿命的首要因素是原子氧和温度循环的共同作用,紫外照射和带电粒子的影响相对较弱。该结论为地面加速试验的规划与修正和长寿命航天器的热设计提供了参考依据。

爱因斯坦宇宙常数和宇宙中暗能量

综述了宇宙在加速膨胀的观察证据,从爱因斯坦场方程和动力学方程出发详细分析爱因斯坦引入宇宙常数在宇宙加速膨胀中的作用,探讨宇宙常数和宇宙中暗能量的关系.

超新星研究进展

本文先介绍超新星巡天和分类,简要地论述历史超新星SN 1006一千年,接着讨论核心塌缩超新星物理和具体事例(SN 1987A 20年、SN 2006gy、2008D)及超新星与γ射线暴的联系,文章重点讨论Ia型超新星和宇宙学,评述了Ia型超新星在宇宙学中的应用和哈勃常数的确定,最后指出超新星研究目前存在的问题。

活动星系核的伽玛辐射和宇宙标准烛光(英文)

编辑了一个样本,其中包括71个Gev伽玛射线噪的活动星系核(14个BL Lac天体和57个平谱射电类星体),53个FRⅠ型射电星系和63个FRⅡ型射电星系。文章采用了非线性最小二乘法来拟合这个样本。当假设Mv=-23.0时,得到一个达到最佳拟合的哈勃常数,其拟合值为H0=71.5±3.8kms-1Mpc-1。该值与通过哈勃望远镜关键计划所得到的哈勃常数值H0=71.5±8kms-1Mpc-1符合得很好。其结果表明活动星系核的Gev伽玛辐射可以被用作宇宙标准烛光。

大爆炸和宇宙学红移中常被误解的几个观念

列举了大爆炸和宇宙学中几个常被误解的问题,并给出了正确的解释.

“大爆炸宇宙学”批评

大爆炸宇宙创生理论是以天文学家Hubble的观测为基础的,他声称已发现那些遥远的天体正远离我们而去。此即Hubble氏的宇宙扩张理论。但该理论的证据并不充分,是主观想像。宇宙爆炸理论的另一重要证据是微波背景辐射的测量数据,但它并不表示微波背景辐射温度数据一定是一次爆炸后的结果。把它看成一次原初大爆炸的余烬是勉强的。按照宇宙的定义,人们无法谈论"宇宙寿命",只可能谈论诸如"地球的寿命"、"太阳系的寿命"和"星系的寿命"。因此我们反对不靠谱的大爆炸宇宙学,因该理论体系漏洞百出,在科学上和在哲学上均不能成立。虽然宇宙中看来充满难于解释的力,暗物质和暗能量仍然只是两个假设。另一个假说是存在引力波,但也只是估计,实际情况可能不同。在Newton理论中引力速度是无限大,但在Einstein理论中引力传播速度和引力波波速都是光速c。广义相对论(GR)认为引力与电磁力不同,是弯曲时空的纯几何效应。但现在应思索某些不同的引力模型,例如把引力重新当作平直时空中的自然界的力的传播,从而又研究得出引力速度大于2×1010c(c是真空中光速)。虽然超光速的引力传播违反Einstein的狭义相对论(SR),却符合Lorentz的相对性理论(LR)。在美国,一个宇宙学家团队在2014年3月的一次新闻发布会上宣布,他们探测到了宇宙大爆炸之后最初瞬间所产生的引力波,从而导致宇宙的起源再次成为重大新闻。根据BICEP2南极望远镜团队的信息,其结果被誉为大爆炸暴涨理论及其后续理论(多元宇宙)的证明。该成果问鼎Nobel奖也在预测之中。BICEP2团队在其宇宙微波背景辐射极化图像中,确定了一个扭曲(B模式)图案,绪论是检测到原始的引力波。但在后来数月中,由来自Princeton大学和也在Princeton高等研究所的科学家们进行了认真的重新分析,其结论是BICEP2的B模式模型给出的大部分或全部最显著效应没有来自引力波的任何贡献。这种突然逆转应该让科学界认真考虑未来的宇宙学实验和理论。BICEP2事件也揭示了一个关于暴涨理论的真相;很清楚,暴涨范式是根本无法检验的,并因此在科学上是毫无意义的。

Hubble常数的Bayes估计

将 Bayes统计应用于 Hubble常数 H0 的 4类模型 :Ia型超新星、Tully- Fisher关系 ,星族 及 Sunyaev- Zel'dovich效应 .在 68.3%置信水平上得到的 H0 的 Bayes估计为 61.6<H0 <66.8( km· s-1· Mpc-1) ,由之导出的宇宙年龄约 ( 15± 1)× 10 9a,与利用球状星团测龄的结果 ( 15± 3)× 10