Skin color of Chinese women across different regions of China:An analysis based on both individual typology angle and hue angle

Skin color is considered an important beauty standard for women in China.The typical tool for skin color measurement,individual typology angle(ITA),was developed based on Caucasian skin features.The ITA effectively measures the brightness of facial skin,which is traditionally associated with beauty in Caucasian women.However,in Chinese women,whiteness is not the only determinant of skin esthetics,and other elements such as“yellowness”and“redness”are also important considerations.Thus,the hue angle system was developed based on the skin features of Chinese women,whose skin is typically on the“yellow-red”spectrum.Studies examining the skin color of Chinese women based on both the ITA and hue angle should be carried out.The skin colors of 4500 women aged 18–45 years across five different regions of China were measured using both the ITA and hue angle systems.The relationship of the“red pigment and melanin content”with the“brightness and redness of skin color”was also examined.Further,the different skin types of women across different regions were identified.Measurements based on the ITA system reveal a saddle-shaped distribution of skin brightness among Chinese women across five different regions,with skin brightness being high in the eastwest regions and low in the north-south regions.The ITA and hab values are not consistent in individual women,and thus,both need to be considered when evaluating skin color.Additionally,no correlation between the skin’s red pigment and melanin content and the skin’s ITA and hab values is identified.This study provides skin color data based on both the ITA and hue angle systems.The findings show that skin ITA/hab values cannot simply be explained by the red pigment/melanin content of the skin.Given the distribution of skin types across different regions of China,whitening ingredients causing little to no irritation should be used to formulate whitening cosmetics.

Monitoring water color anomaly of lakes based on an integrated method using Landsat-8 OLI images

Water color is a crucial optical indicator of water quality,polluted water bodies often show water color anomalies.To comprehensively understand the occurrence of water color anomalies in inland lakes,an integrated method was designed using the hue angle based on the Forel-Ule Index(FUI)model,and other remote sensing indices,including the Turbid Water Index(TWI),Floating Algae Index(FAI),and Cyanobacteria and Macrophytes Index(CMI).Based on all available Landsat-8 OLI images from 2013 to 2020,continuous monitoring was conducted in three different lakes in the middle of the Yangtze River,China.The results demonstrated that:(1)The proposed method can accurately identify algal blooms,high sediment loads,and eutrophication from the abnormal water color areas;(2)The calculated hue angles of sediment-dominated water were significantly higher than those of algal blooms and aquatic vegetation,providing a noticeable visual discoloration of water;(3)These water color anomalies exhibited significant correlations with the water quality and environmental conditions.This study serves as an example for accurate and spatially continuous assessment of water color anomaly and supports practical information to facilitate local water environment conservation.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Color Change of Poplar

In this paper, Populus tomentosa was used as samples for heat treatment in order to find the initial effect rule of color change, when the temperature rose to180, 200 and 220 oC and the time was kept for 1, 2 and 3 h, respectively. The results are shown as follows: The color of treated wood can be changed obviously by the heat treatment. Under the same temperature, the color saturation becomes smaller and the difference of color becomes more obvious with the increase of the keeping time. Lightness and color hue-angle decreases with the increase of the keeping time. At the same time, the higher the temperature, the bigger the difference of color. Lightness, color hue-angle and the color saturation of the samples decrease with the increasing of the temperature. And the chromatism increases with the temperature increasing.