Wolf Nature,Dog Nature and Human Nature——An Interpretation of the Theme of Sherwood Anderson's Death in the Woods

This thesis,by analyzing the wolf nature,the dog nature and the human nature,and their relations,expounds the author's personal interpretation of the theme of Sherwood Anderson's short story Death in the Woods.The author maintains that Anderson reveals to readers the ugliness of life and the strange beauty of life,condemns the loss of love and the dehumanization of human life in the modern world and implies Anderson's deep concern on the human alienation,an important theme in the 20th century modern literature.

The Religious and Humane Significance of the Death of Two Heroes in Scarlet Letter

Most of Nathaniel Hawthorne's masterpieces are created with the theme of morality,and are used to analysis and reveal"good and evil human nature"through the methods of profound symbolism and delicate psychological description. To reemerge the spirit of The Scarlet Letter,Which is considered as Hawthorne's religious view and humanistic feeling,the death of two heroes in this novel should be analyzed in the aspects of religion and human nature,and even in the aspects of the vocabulary,theme and mental world of main characters.

考古遗存中难产死亡推判、成因及案例研究

难产是导致古代孕产妇和胎儿死亡的重要原因,但是相关案例的具体体质形态在文献中却鲜有记载,考古学证据也不多见。本文试图通过梳理考古遗存中发现的难产死亡案例,对难产死亡的考古学推判标准和难产成因作简要综述,同时对郑州洄沟等遗址的典型难产案例进行分析。难产研究的梳理,对相关的墓葬发掘、人骨收集、资料整理等都具有重要的启示意义。

The Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection on Low Birth Weight, Mother to Child HIV Transmission and Infants’ Death in African Area

Background: It is yet a controversy subject whether low birth weight and infant death are associated to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. Objective: To appreciate association between low birth weights, mother to child HIV transmission and infant mortality in HIV-1 infected pregnant women delivering between 2011 and 2016. Materials: We conducted 6 years cohort study in urban Mali. Outcome included preterm delivery, small for gestational age, infant survival status and HIV transmission. Comparison concerned women clinical WHO stage, mother viro-immunological status, and newborn anthropometric parameters. Results: HIV-1 infected women who delivered low birth weight newborn were 20.9% (111/531) versus 16.5% (1910/11.546) in HIV negative patients (p = 0.016). CD4 T cell counts low than 350 T cells count were strongly associated to LBW (p = 0.000;RR = 3.03;95% CI [1.89 - 3.16]). There is no significant association between ART that was initiated during pregnancy (p = 0.061, RR = 0.02;CI 95% (1.02 - 1.99)) or during delivery (p = 0.571;RR = 1.01;CI 95% (0.10 - 3.02)) and LBW delivery. In multivariate analysis ART regimens containing protease inhibitor (PI) were lone regimens associated with LBW ((p = 0.030;RR = 1.001;95% confidence interval [1.28 - 3.80]). Very low birth weight was statistically associated to women HIV infection (adjusted relative risk, 2.02;p = 0.000;95% confidence interval (2.17 - 4.10)). There is no significant difference between mother to child HIV transmission rate in the two HIV-infected pregnant women (10 infected children in group 2: MTCT rate 4.5%) and 3 infected children in group 1 (MTCT rate: 2.7%) (p = 0.56;RR, 0.59;CI 95% (0.18 - 4.39)). In multivariate analysis, LBW was associated with infant death (p = 0.001;RR = 2.04;CI 95% [1.04 - 5.05]). The median weight of infant at the moment of death in group 1 was 851 g (IQR: 520 - 1833 g). Significant relationship was found between infant death among LBW newborn with mother WHO stage 2 (p = 0.004;adjusted RR = 3.22;CI 95% [2.25 - 6.00]), CD4 T cells count 3 (p = 0.005;RR = 2.81;CI 95% [1.20 - 4.11]), PI regimens (p = 0.030;RR = 1.00;CI 95% [1.28 - 3.80]). Conclusion: We confirm increased risk of low birth weight and mother HIV-1 infection and we identified strongest association between mortality in infant born to HIV-1 infected mother and LBW.

The Apoptotic Effect of the Methanol Extract of <i>Polygonum cuspidatum</i>through Up-Regulation Death Receptor 5 and CHOP in HSC-2 Human Oral Cancer Cells

Polygonum cuspidatum is used as a traditional medicinal herb for the therapy of various diseases including several types of cancers. In the present study, we focused on addressing the anti-cancer activity and molecular mechanism of methanol extract of Polygonum cuspidatum (MEPC) in HSC-2 human oral cancer cells. The effect of MEPC on oral cancer cells was estimated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-20yl)-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and Western blot analysis. MEPC inhibited the cell viability and induced apoptosis through the induction of death receptor (DR) 5. MEPC also increased the expression of C/EBP homologous protein/growth arrest and the DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (CHOP), a transcription factor induced by ER stress. Thus, we concluded that the induction of CHOP leading to DR5 up-regulation is required for the anti-cancer activity of MEPC in HSC-2 cells and MEPC may be a promising drug candidate for oral cancer.

程序性死亡受体/配体免疫治疗策略在人乳头瘤病毒阳性头颈部鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染已成为头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)的主要致病因素之一,与HPV阴性相比,HPV阳性HNSCC表现出以程序性死亡受体(PD)为代表的多种免疫细胞及其效应分子的表达增加。PD-1/PD-L1高表达的患者与HPV阳性HNSCC患者存活率的显著提高相关。而HPV阳性HNSCC患者在接受抗PD-1/程序性死亡配体(PD-L1)免疫治疗后的客观缓解率、无进展生存期、总生存期等指标较HPV阴性HNSCC患者有所提高,提示HPV阳性HNSCC患者在接受抗PD-1/PD-L1免疫治疗上可能取得更好疗效。另外,PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合HPV癌症疫苗、双通路抑制剂等免疫治疗方案在HPV相关癌症中已发挥出独特的优势。根据HPV状态为患者制定个体化免疫治疗是一种有前景的治疗策略。

重组人血管内皮抑制素联合程序性细胞死亡蛋白1抑制剂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果及安全性分析

目的探讨持续静脉泵入重组人血管内皮抑制素联合程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)抑制剂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床效果及安全性。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年1月于中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院接受治疗的晚期NSCLC患者90例,根据治疗方案不同分为A、B、C组,各30例。A组选用PD-1抑制剂+重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液+含铂两药的治疗方案;B组选用PD-1抑制剂+含铂两药的治疗方案;C组选用重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液+含铂两药的治疗方案。主要研究终点为客观缓解率(ORR)及无进展生存期(PFS),次要研究终点为疾病控制率(DCR)及安全性。结果3组ORR、DCR比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.039、0.018),其中A组ORR、DCR[50.0%(15/30)、83.3%(25/30)]均最高。A、B、C组中位PFS分别为7.4、5.6、5.7个月,3组PFS比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多因素Cox回归模型分析结果显示性别、表皮生长因子受体突变及转移器官数量是影响晚期NSCLC患者PFS的危险因素(均P<0.05)。A组发生不良反应总计55例次,其中严重不良反应(3~4级)4例。B组发生不良反应总计54例次,其中严重不良反应(3~4级)4例。C组发生不良反应总计51例次,其中严重不良反应(3~4级)2例。结论重组人血管内皮抑制素联合PD-1抑制剂治疗晚期NSCLC显现出了良好的临床效果,且不良反应相对可控。

宫颈癌组织中PD-L1/PD-L2的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨宫颈癌组织中程序性死亡因子配体1(PD-L1)和配体2(PD-L2)的表达及临床意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测78例宫颈癌组织中PD-L1、PD-L2的表达情况,分析PD-L1、PD-L2表达和人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈癌临床病理特征的关系。结果 78例宫颈癌组织中,PD-L1表达阳性53例、阴性25例,PD-L2表达阳性48例、阴性30例,PD-L1、PD-L2阳性表达率分别为67.95%和61.54%。HPV感染与宫颈癌组织PD-L1表达和肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05),而与PD-L2表达、FIGO分期和淋巴结浸润有关(P<0.05)。PD-L1表达与宫颈癌的FIGO分期有关(P<0.05),而与肿瘤大小和淋巴结浸润无关(P>0.05);PD-L2表达与宫颈癌的FIGO分期、肿瘤大小和淋巴结浸润均无关(P>0.05)。PD-L1阳性组织肿瘤比例评分与淋巴结浸润有关(P<0.05),而与FIGO分期、肿瘤大小和HPV感染无关(P>0.05)。结论 PD-L1表达可作为宫颈癌的生物标志物来评价宫颈癌的恶性程度,PD-L2表达与HPV感染关系密切,为基于PD-1/PD-L1/2信号通路的靶向治疗提供了临床依据。

Death decoy receptor overexpression and increased malignancy risk in colorectal cancer

AIM:To evaluate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)and death decoy receptor(DcR3)as colorectal cancer prognostic indicators.METHODS:Colorectal carcinoma specimens from 300patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to detect the staining patterns of HER2 and DcR3.Classification of HER2 staining was carried out using the United States Food and Drug Administration semi-quantitative scoring system,with scores of 0 or 1+indicating a tumor-negative(normal expression)status and scores of 2+and 3+indicating a tumor-positive(overexpression)status.Classification of DcR3 was carried out by quantitating the percentage of positive cells within the stained section,with<10%indicating a tumor-negative status and≥10%indicating a tumor-positive status.Correlation of the HER2 and DcR3 staining status with clinicopathological parameters[age,sex,tumor size,differentiation,and the tumor,node,metastasis(pTNM)classification]and survival was statistically assessed.RESULTS:Tumor-positive status for HER2 and DcR3was found in 18.33%and 58.33%of the 300 colorectal carcinoma specimens,respectively.HER2 tumorpositive status showed a significant correlation with tumor size(P=0.003)but not with other clinicopathological parameters.DcR3 tumor-positive status showed a significant correlation with tumor differentiation(P<0.001),pTNM stage(P<0.001),and lymph node metastasis(P<0.001).However,correlation coefficient analysis did not indicate that a statistically significant correlation exists between tumor-positive status for the HER2 and DcR3 overexpression(P=0.236).Patients with specimens classified as DcR3-overexpressing had a significantly worse overall survival(OS)rate than those without DcR3 overexpression(median OS:42.11vs 61.21 mo;HR=50.27,95%CI:44.90-55.64,P<0.001).HER2 overexpression had no significant impact on median OS(35.10 mo vs 45.25 mo;HR=44.40,95%CI:39.32-49.48,P=0.344).However,patients with specimens classified as both HER2-and DcR3-overexpressing had a significantly poorer median OS than those with only HER2 overexpression(31.80 mo vs 52.20 mo;HR=35.10,95%CI:22.04-48.16,P=0.006).CONCLUSION:HER2 overexpression is not an independent prognostic marker of colorectal cancer,but DcR3 overexpression is highly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor OS.

Apoptosis of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β_2 in vitro

Whether transforming growth factor β 2 (TGF β 2) induces apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells was investigated in vitro . Cultured 3 5 passage human trabecular meshwork cells were treated with 0 (control), 0.32, 1, 3.2 ng/ml TGF β 2 for 48 h and divided into control group and experimental group. The apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells was examined by transmisson electron microscopy, TUNEL technique and flow cytometry. The results showed characteristic morphologic changes of apoptotic cells were observed under transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation of human trabecular meshwork cells was found by TUNEL technique. Quantitative analysis of flow cytometry showed that percentages of apoptotic human trabecular meshwork cells were (2.79±0.44) %, (4.43 ±1.17) % and (9.60±2.05) % respectively with different concentrations [1 ng/ml ( P< 0.05), 3.2 ng/ml ( P< 0.01)] of TGF β 2 with the difference being significant between experimental group and control group[(1.41±0.34) %]. It was concluded that TGF β 2 can induce apoptosis of human trabecular meshwork cells in vitro and may be involved in the decrease of trabecular meshwork cells in the patients with primary open angle glaucoma and aging of normal people.

An Interpretation of the Theme of Death in the Woods

Death in the Woods is one of Sherwood Anderson’s masterpieces.This paper intends to explore the theme of Death in the Woods.The author reveals to readers the ugliness of life and the strange beauty of life in this short story.It condemns the loss of love and dehumanization of human life in the modern world and implies Anderson's deep concern for human alienation.It is an important theme of modern literature in the 20th century.

理论与实践之衍变:再视马克思死刑观对我国死刑制度的启示

1764年随着贝卡里亚《论犯罪与刑罚》的问世,开启了真正意义上的死刑存废之争,打响了对死刑批驳的第一枪。19世纪马克思在《死刑-科布顿先生的小册子-英格兰银行的措施》(以下简称《死刑》)等一系列文章中对死刑的论述,形成了马克思死刑观,对我国现代死刑立法制度产生深远影响。再视马克思对死刑的观点,深刻感悟其中蕴含的人本精神和自由取向以及对我国现阶段“保留死刑,但少杀慎杀”的死刑制度的启示和影响。

人冠状动脉内膜增厚与核因子-κb信号通路激活的相关性

目的探讨人冠状动脉内膜增厚与核因子-κb(NF-κb)信号通路激活的相关性。方法收集尸检案例的冠状动脉标本45例,分为对照组(CON组,非冠心病死亡并无明显动脉粥样硬化者)16例、冠心病组(CHD组,非冠心病猝死但明确诊断为冠心病患者)组10例、冠心病猝死组(SCD组,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病猝死者)19例,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察3组冠状动脉的组织学特征,采用免疫荧光技术检测3组冠状动脉内膜处磷酸化NF-κb p65(NF-κb p-p65)入核数量百分比并测量冠状动脉内膜厚度,采用Pearson相关系数检验分析NF-κb p-p65入核数量百分比与冠状动脉内膜厚度的相关性。结果CON组冠状动脉标本内膜厚度低于CHD组及SCD组;与CON组比较,CHD组和SCD组冠状动脉标本冠脉内膜处NF-κb p-p65蛋白的入核百分比增高(P<0.05),并与冠状动脉内膜的厚度呈正相关关系(r=0.345,P<0.05)。结论人冠状动脉内膜增厚与内膜处NF-κb信号通路激活的水平存在正相关。

论《林兰香》中的死亡叙事

清代长篇世情小说《林兰香》中有多处死亡叙事,这些死亡叙事是小说的有机组成部分。据布局来看,死亡叙事多发生在下半部分,焦点人物正是小说主人公燕梦卿。在作用方面,死亡叙事在刻画人物形象、丰富审美意蕴、增强文化蕴含等方面起到了重要作用。《林兰香》在世情小说中非常独特,有着突出的感伤色彩,这也得益于小说中的死亡叙事。

人脐带间充质干细胞改善早发卵巢功能不全小鼠卵巢功能

目的:采用4-乙烯基环己烯二环氧(VCD)建立早发性卵巢功能不全(POI)小鼠模型,探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(HUMSCs)改善小鼠卵巢功能的作用机制。方法:选取连续14d动情周期正常的ICR雌性小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和治疗组各10只。模型组和治疗组连续20d腹腔注射VCD(160mg/kg)建立POI模型,对照组连续20天腹腔注射等量芝麻油。对治疗组连续两日注射人脐带间充质干细胞(10^(6)/ml)0.2ml/只/d,对模型组注射等剂量生理盐水,D 21检测各级卵泡数量、闭锁卵泡数量、血清雌二醇(E_(2))、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、抗穆勒管激素(AMH)水平,卵巢组织铁含量、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平,卵巢组织SCL7A11、GPX4、ACSL4、DMT1蛋白表达水平。结果:与模型组相比,治疗组体重升高,动情周期长度缩短,卵巢形态改善,卵泡数增多,闭锁卵泡数减少,血清E_2、FSH水平提高,AMH水平减少,卵巢组织铁含量下降,MDA含量下降、GSH水平提高,卵巢组织SCL7A11、GPX4、DMT1蛋白表达水平均升高,ACSL4蛋白表达水平降低(均P<0.05)。结论:HUMSCs可以通过抑制卵巢中铁死亡从而改善VCD致POI小鼠的卵巢功能。

类存在、死亡和灭绝之恶

就费尔巴哈和马克思所说的“类存在”属性,本文提供了一种解释:人类有一种独特倾向,会将自身视为其所属之类的成员,并将该类视为“我们”。这一解释将类存在的概念与康德的权利理论相联系,认为每个权利主张都会使其主张者做出诸如世界政府的承诺,并因此对作为某一集体能动者的人类概念有所承诺。该解释也将类存在与实践同一性联系起来,认为我们的生活和行动之所以是有价值的,是因为我们为人类生活作出了积极贡献。接着,本文将论证,由此而得出的人类概念,连同一些关于善之本质的特定考虑,会提供依据以质疑人们所熟悉的这一主张:死亡一般对人类比对动物而言更糟糕。另一方面,因为类存在,类的灭绝对人类而言,是一种比对其他动物而言更糟糕的景象。

重楼皂苷Ⅵ对脑胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及潜在机制

目的探讨重楼皂苷Ⅵ(PPⅥ)对脑胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及潜在机制。方法以人脑胶质瘤LN229细胞为对象,采用MTT法检测不同浓度PPⅥ[0(对照组)、1、2、4、8、16、32、64μmol/L]作用不同时间(24、48、72 h)后的细胞存活率,采用克隆形成实验检测不同浓度PPⅥ[0(对照组)、2、4、8μmol/L]作用14 d后的细胞克隆数和克隆形成率,采用流式细胞术和Western blot法分别检测不同浓度PPⅥ[0(对照组)、4、8μmol/L]作用24 h后的细胞凋亡率和凋亡相关蛋白[B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、切割的胱天蛋白酶3(cleaved caspase-3)]、Fas/Fas配体(FasL)死亡受体通路相关蛋白、蛋白激酶B(又称Akt)/糖原合成激酶3β(GSK-3β)通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果与对照组比较,PPⅥ各浓度组细胞的存活率、克隆数和克隆形成率、Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平和Akt、GSK-3β蛋白的磷酸化水平均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);细胞凋亡率,Bax、cleaved caspase-3蛋白和Fas、FasL、cleaved caspase-8蛋白的表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论PPⅥ可抑制人胶质瘤LN229细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,这种作用可能与激活Fas/FasL死亡受体通路和抑制Akt/GSK-3β通路有关。

道隐天地,咫尺情韵——以云南凤庆石洞寺浅观中国理想人居

中国人对山水之迷恋已是极致,一则因山水媾和万物阴阳两态之流变认识;二可借山纹水脉暗通昆仑神话之时空不尽。前者构建其认知世界之方法,后者为维稳其文化溯源所求之本源归属感,以及忘化时空、死生之界域囿限。亘古亘今,隐处丘园者,究其思想,多染映于道佛之法,而返窥宗教名山,素于山林最胜处,得居游自足之洞庭妙所,何也?遂凭托云南石洞寺,借境生文,以其“行望居游”之体验品判,引发今之园构,师法何式之问;究源古之隐者,生死流变之忧;承启当下居境,适宜理式之思。

不同浓度丙泊酚对人乳腺癌雌激素受体阳性MCF-7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

目的研究不同浓度丙泊酚对人乳腺癌雌激素受体阳性MCF-7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响。方法以人乳腺癌雌激素受体阳性MCF-7细胞为研究对象,随机将其分为3组,即P_(0)组(为空白对照)、P_(25)组(给予25μg/mL丙泊酚)和P_(50)组(给予50μg/mL丙泊酚)。对3组细胞分别进行克隆形成实验、Transwell细胞迁移实验、侵袭实验、划痕愈合实验,观察各组细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭变化情况。采用Western blot法检测不同浓度丙泊酚对人乳腺癌胞Ki-67、PD-L1的蛋白表达水平的影响;RT-qPCR法检测不同浓度丙泊酚对Ki-67、PD-L1的RNA表达水平的影响。结果与P_(0)组比较,P_(50)组人乳腺癌雌激素受体阳性MCF-7细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与P_(25)组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与P_(0)组相比,P_(50)组PD-L1、Ki-67蛋白表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中PD-L1表达随丙泊酚浓度的增高而增高;与P_(25)组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组间PD-L1、Ki-67的RNA表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论高浓度丙泊酚能促进人乳腺癌雌激素受体阳性MCF-7细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力,该变化与相关蛋白Ki-67、PD-L1表达增强有关。