The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulati...The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.展开更多
In recent years,humanized immune system(HIS)mice have been gradually used as models for preclinical research in pharmacotherapies and cell therapies with major breakthroughs in tumor and other fields,better mimicking ...In recent years,humanized immune system(HIS)mice have been gradually used as models for preclinical research in pharmacotherapies and cell therapies with major breakthroughs in tumor and other fields,better mimicking the human immune system and the tumor immune microenvironment,compared to traditional immunodeficient mice.To better promote the application of HIS mice in preclinical research,we se-lectively summarize the current prevalent and breakthrough research and evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells in various antiviral and antitumor treat-ments.By exploring its application in preclinical research,we find that it can better reflect the actual clinical patient condition,with the advantages of providing high-efficiency detection indicators,even for progressive research and development.We believe that it has better clinical patient simulation and promotion for the updated design of CAR-T cell therapy than directly transplanted immunodeficient mice.The characteristics of the main models are proposed to improve the use defects of the existing models by reducing the limitation of antihost reaction,combining multiple models,and unifying sources and organoid substitution.Strategy study of relapse and toxicity after CAR-T treatment also provides more possibilities for application and development.展开更多
Methods of digital human modeling have been developed and utilized to reflect human shape features.However,most of published works focused on dynamic visualization or fashion design,instead of high-accuracy modeling,w...Methods of digital human modeling have been developed and utilized to reflect human shape features.However,most of published works focused on dynamic visualization or fashion design,instead of high-accuracy modeling,which was strongly demanded by medical or rehabilitation scenarios.Prior to a high-accuracy modeling of human legs based on non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS),the method of extracting the required quasi-grid network of feature points for human legs is presented in this work.Given the 3 D scanned human body,the leg is firstly segmented and put in standardized position.Then re-sampling of the leg is conducted via a set of equidistant cross sections.Through analysis of leg circumferences and circumferential curvature,the characteristic sections of the leg as well as the characteristic points on the sections are then identified according to the human anatomy and shape features.The obtained collection can be arranged to form a grid of data points for knots calculation and high-accuracy shape reconstruction in future work.展开更多
The 3D shape of the human body is useful for applications in fitness, games and apparel. Accurate body scanners, howev- er, are expensive, limiting the availability of 3D body models. In this paper, we focus on the hu...The 3D shape of the human body is useful for applications in fitness, games and apparel. Accurate body scanners, howev- er, are expensive, limiting the availability of 3D body models. In this paper, we focus on the human body 3D modeling using one Kinect sensor modeling method. To get the human body model fast, three steps in rapid modeling of the human body are carried out. Firstly, according to anthropometric parameters, the standard model is parameterized; Secondly, the Kinect depth image of the human body model is gotten through, then, by using the PCL library the point cloud data is processed and matched, and the human body model is optimized; Finally, the realistic human body model is obtained with the rapid integration of the standard model and PCL library.展开更多
3-dimension(3-D)printing technology is growing strongly with many applications,one of which is the garment industry.The application of human body models to the garment industry is necessary to respond to the increasin...3-dimension(3-D)printing technology is growing strongly with many applications,one of which is the garment industry.The application of human body models to the garment industry is necessary to respond to the increasing personalization demand and still guarantee aesthetics.This paper proposes amethod to construct 3-D human models by applying deep learning.We calculate the location of the main slices of the human body,including the neck,chest,belly,buttocks,and the rings of the extremities,using pre-existing information.Then,on the positioning frame,we find the key points(fixed and unaltered)of these key slices and update these points tomatch the current parameters.To add points to a star slice,we use a deep learning model tomimic the form of the human body at that slice position.We use interpolation to produce sub-slices of different body sections based on the main slices to create complete body parts morphologically.We combine all slices to construct a full 3-D representation of the human body.展开更多
Modeling of the human body is a basic problem in computer animation of the humanbody. This paper presents a method in which the combination of polyhedra is used to establish aninitial rough design of the human body an...Modeling of the human body is a basic problem in computer animation of the humanbody. This paper presents a method in which the combination of polyhedra is used to establish aninitial rough design of the human body and subdivision of polyhedra to approximate the curvesurface of the real human body. In addition, the dynamic characteristics are taken intoconsideration of the human body, thus providing a fine basis for the establishment of the bumanbody animation.展开更多
A complete characterization of the behavior in human-robot interactions(HRI) includes both: the behavioral dynamics and the control laws that characterize how the behavior is regulated with the perception data. In thi...A complete characterization of the behavior in human-robot interactions(HRI) includes both: the behavioral dynamics and the control laws that characterize how the behavior is regulated with the perception data. In this way, this work proposes a leader-follower coordinate control based on an impedance control that allows to establish a dynamic relation between social forces and motion error. For this, a scheme is presented to identify the impedance based on fictitious social forces, which are described by distance-based potential fields.As part of the validation procedure, we present an experimental comparison to select the better of two different fictitious force structures. The criteria are determined by two qualities: least impedance errors during the validation procedure and least parameter variance during the recursive estimation procedure.Finally, with the best fictitious force and its identified impedance,an impedance control is designed for a mobile robot Pioneer 3AT,which is programmed to follow a human in a structured scenario.According to results, and under the hypothesis that moving like humans will be acceptable by humans, it is believed that the proposed control improves the social acceptance of the robot for this kind of interaction.展开更多
This paper presents a new feature-based mannequin modeling method, which is used in 3D computer aided garment design. Different from the traditional human modeling methods, a feature-based parametric design algorithm ...This paper presents a new feature-based mannequin modeling method, which is used in 3D computer aided garment design. Different from the traditional human modeling methods, a feature-based parametric design algorithm is involved in this method and mannequin posture animation is also implemented. They can greatly satisfy the requirements of the 3D computer aided garment design. At present, this mannequin modeling method has been implemented as a part of the computer aided 3D garment design system. Several mannequins for garment design have been manufactured by using this method and the rapid prototype technique.展开更多
Virtual reality(VR)has been widely used in various manufacturing industries,and VR-based virtual manufacturing has received significant attention in the current intelligent manufacturing era.Digital human models(DHMs)...Virtual reality(VR)has been widely used in various manufacturing industries,and VR-based virtual manufacturing has received significant attention in the current intelligent manufacturing era.Digital human models(DHMs)are essential for virtual manufacturing applications.Additionally,researching new applications of DHMs has developed into an important academic research field.This paper aims to identify the applications and research trends of DHMs in the manufacturing industry and to provide a reference for the continued development of virtual manufacturing and DHMs.We selected a total of 49 related articles from a large number of articles published between 2014 and 2019.The applications of DHMs in the manufacturing industry are analyzed from different perspectives and various relevant technical limitations are discussed.The results indicate that the applications of DHMs differ significantly between different types of fields.The automotive industry is the main application field for DHMs,and assembly/maintenance simulations and evaluations are the main application types.Additionally,there are still some limitations in the establishment of virtual environments,motion control,and DHM evaluation that should be addressed.Finally,research trends in the application of DHMs are illustrated and discussed,including the planning and assessment of human-robot collaboration systems,the combination of DHMs and augmented reality,and improved motion planning for DHMs.In summary,the application of DHMs can improve the realism and effectiveness of virtual manufacturing,and DHMs will be more widely and deeply studied and applied in various manufacturing industries in the near future.展开更多
After summarizing the current situation of the research on human body modeling, a new dynamic model containing 5 equivalent masses has been proposed and the corresponding dynamic equations has been deduced too. By usi...After summarizing the current situation of the research on human body modeling, a new dynamic model containing 5 equivalent masses has been proposed and the corresponding dynamic equations has been deduced too. By using this new model, more detailed information about the situation of the human body under impact and vibration can be obtained. The new model solves the problem that transmission functions of forces inside the human body can't be deduced by using 3-equivalent-mass model. It will find its usage in many applications.展开更多
Blindness provides an unparalleled opportunity to study plasticity of the nervous system in humans.Seminal work in this area examined the often dramatic modifications to the visual cortex that result when visual input...Blindness provides an unparalleled opportunity to study plasticity of the nervous system in humans.Seminal work in this area examined the often dramatic modifications to the visual cortex that result when visual input is completely absent from birth or very early in life(Kupers and Ptito,2014).More recent studies explored what happens to the visual pathways in the context of acquired blindness.This is particularly relevant as the majority of diseases that cause vision loss occur in the elderly.展开更多
Lord of the Flies is the masterpiece of British writer William Golding who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Thiswork takes children as the protagonists and shows the theme of the barbarism of human nature. Based on...Lord of the Flies is the masterpiece of British writer William Golding who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Thiswork takes children as the protagonists and shows the theme of the barbarism of human nature. Based on Freud’sTripartite Model of Human Psyche, this study analyzes the personality characteristics of Jack in psychologicalperspective, reveals the different states reflected in the realm of in id, ego and superego, and thus stresses therestraining effect of social rules and civilization on the barbarism of human nature.展开更多
The Marrakesh Treaty is,in essence,a human rights treaty.The interpretation and implementation of the treaty cannot be separate from the view on the persons with disabilities from the perspective of human rights.Based...The Marrakesh Treaty is,in essence,a human rights treaty.The interpretation and implementation of the treaty cannot be separate from the view on the persons with disabilities from the perspective of human rights.Based on this view,the interpretation of the treaty should reflect its value of promoting equality,instead of granting privileges to the persons with disabilities.During its implementation,it should be forbidden to aggravate the social alienation of the persons with disabilities by making excessive stipulations.Taking the implementation of the treaty as an opportunity,promoting the transformation of the view on the persons with disabilities from the individual model to the human rights model and facilitating the concept of“building the intangible accessible environment”can maximize the significance of the treaty.展开更多
There is an urgent and tremendous need for human dis- ease models in drug development in order to improve pre- clinical predictability. In the case of brain disorders drugs have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB...There is an urgent and tremendous need for human dis- ease models in drug development in order to improve pre- clinical predictability. In the case of brain disorders drugs have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enter the central nervous system (CNS). It was estimated that more than 95% of the drugs cannot cross the BBB.展开更多
Transmission of light through model human epidermal samples is investigated at four different wavelengths and at varying ambient humidity. Light from light emitting diodes (LEDs) is used for transmission measurements ...Transmission of light through model human epidermal samples is investigated at four different wavelengths and at varying ambient humidity. Light from light emitting diodes (LEDs) is used for transmission measurements through the samples at a UVA wavelength of 365 nm, and visible wavelengths of 460 nm, 500 nm, and 595 nm. Ambient air-humidity is varied between 20% and 100%. Results show that for high ambient humidity, near 100%, transmission of light through the epidermis is higher than at low ambient humidity, 60% or lower. These results are explained with a simple model of epidermis as a turbid medium and the effect of adsorbed water in reducing light-scattering by refractive-index-matching. Biological implications of increased light-transmission through epidermis at high ambient humidity are discussed.展开更多
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to polluted concentration of fine ambient particulate matter(PM2.5)can induce markedly harmful effects on human health,however,an enormous research effor...Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to polluted concentration of fine ambient particulate matter(PM2.5)can induce markedly harmful effects on human health,however,an enormous research effort is still need to the comprehensive understanding of PM2.5 induction of new negative health outcomes.Recently,Maher and colleges[1]from Environmental Magnetism and Paleomagnetism at Lancaster University展开更多
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy(CTE)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease featured with tauopathy.CTE is tightly related with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury(m TBI),which is interchangeably known as concu...Chronic traumatic encephalopathy(CTE)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease featured with tauopathy.CTE is tightly related with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury(m TBI),which is interchangeably known as concussion(Mc Kee et al.,2009,2013).This disease is differentiated by neuropathological features from other neurological diseases that involve tau protein aggregation and tangle formation abnormalities like Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson- ism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17).展开更多
Since the beginning of reform and opening up and particu- larly since the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese peoplehave had a deeper understanding of the importance of human rights, better recognition of progress ...Since the beginning of reform and opening up and particu- larly since the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese peoplehave had a deeper understanding of the importance of human rights, better recognition of progress made in the field of human rights, and more urgent aspirations for further development of human rights in China. At the same time, there are problems and confu- sion that need to be addressed. For example, what is the China model for ensuring human rights? How should a a theoretical system of human rights with Chinese characteristics be con- structed? How can self-awareness and self-confidence in the area of human rights be formed? How can the healthy development of the human rights cause in China be pushed forward?展开更多
Microglia, the main driver of neuroinflammation, play a central role in the initiation and exacerbation of various neurodegenerative diseases and are now considered a promising therapeutic target. Previous studies on ...Microglia, the main driver of neuroinflammation, play a central role in the initiation and exacerbation of various neurodegenerative diseases and are now considered a promising therapeutic target. Previous studies on in vitro human microglia and in vivo rodent models lacked scalability, consistency, or physiological relevance, which deterred successful therapeutic outcomes for the past decade. Here we review human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells as a robust and consistent approach to generate a patient-specific microglia-like model that can be used in extensive cohort studies for drug testing. We will highlight the strength and applicability of human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells to increase translational outcomes by reviewing the advantages of human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells in addressing patient heterogeneity and stratification, the basis of personalized medicine.展开更多
Fractional derivatives are significant mathematical instruments that have been practiced to model real phenomena in different areas of science.Through the current investigation study,we develop the Human Liver and Hea...Fractional derivatives are significant mathematical instruments that have been practiced to model real phenomena in different areas of science.Through the current investigation study,we develop the Human Liver and Hearing Loss models by employing three fractional operators called Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo,Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives.The numerical techniques regarding the basic theories of fractional analysis considered to obtain the approximate solutions of the offered systems.Indeed,approximate results are presented for showing the efficacy of the methods during graphs of solutions.To see the performance of the suggested models,different fractional orders are tested.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72071179)ZJU-Sunon Joint Research Center of Smart Furniture,Zhejiang University,China.
文摘The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.
基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-035National Key Research and Development Project,Grant/Award Number:2022YFA1103803。
文摘In recent years,humanized immune system(HIS)mice have been gradually used as models for preclinical research in pharmacotherapies and cell therapies with major breakthroughs in tumor and other fields,better mimicking the human immune system and the tumor immune microenvironment,compared to traditional immunodeficient mice.To better promote the application of HIS mice in preclinical research,we se-lectively summarize the current prevalent and breakthrough research and evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells in various antiviral and antitumor treat-ments.By exploring its application in preclinical research,we find that it can better reflect the actual clinical patient condition,with the advantages of providing high-efficiency detection indicators,even for progressive research and development.We believe that it has better clinical patient simulation and promotion for the updated design of CAR-T cell therapy than directly transplanted immunodeficient mice.The characteristics of the main models are proposed to improve the use defects of the existing models by reducing the limitation of antihost reaction,combining multiple models,and unifying sources and organoid substitution.Strategy study of relapse and toxicity after CAR-T treatment also provides more possibilities for application and development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12002085 and 51603039)Shanghai Pujiang Program,China(No.19PC002)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2232019D3-58)Initial Research Funds for Young Teachers of Donghua University,China(No.104-07-0053088)。
文摘Methods of digital human modeling have been developed and utilized to reflect human shape features.However,most of published works focused on dynamic visualization or fashion design,instead of high-accuracy modeling,which was strongly demanded by medical or rehabilitation scenarios.Prior to a high-accuracy modeling of human legs based on non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS),the method of extracting the required quasi-grid network of feature points for human legs is presented in this work.Given the 3 D scanned human body,the leg is firstly segmented and put in standardized position.Then re-sampling of the leg is conducted via a set of equidistant cross sections.Through analysis of leg circumferences and circumferential curvature,the characteristic sections of the leg as well as the characteristic points on the sections are then identified according to the human anatomy and shape features.The obtained collection can be arranged to form a grid of data points for knots calculation and high-accuracy shape reconstruction in future work.
基金Supported by MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.13YJC890027)the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.61003173)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2012ZZ0063)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City(No.2012J4100002)
文摘The 3D shape of the human body is useful for applications in fitness, games and apparel. Accurate body scanners, howev- er, are expensive, limiting the availability of 3D body models. In this paper, we focus on the human body 3D modeling using one Kinect sensor modeling method. To get the human body model fast, three steps in rapid modeling of the human body are carried out. Firstly, according to anthropometric parameters, the standard model is parameterized; Secondly, the Kinect depth image of the human body model is gotten through, then, by using the PCL library the point cloud data is processed and matched, and the human body model is optimized; Finally, the realistic human body model is obtained with the rapid integration of the standard model and PCL library.
基金Funding for this study from Sai Gon University(Grant No.CSA2021–08).
文摘3-dimension(3-D)printing technology is growing strongly with many applications,one of which is the garment industry.The application of human body models to the garment industry is necessary to respond to the increasing personalization demand and still guarantee aesthetics.This paper proposes amethod to construct 3-D human models by applying deep learning.We calculate the location of the main slices of the human body,including the neck,chest,belly,buttocks,and the rings of the extremities,using pre-existing information.Then,on the positioning frame,we find the key points(fixed and unaltered)of these key slices and update these points tomatch the current parameters.To add points to a star slice,we use a deep learning model tomimic the form of the human body at that slice position.We use interpolation to produce sub-slices of different body sections based on the main slices to create complete body parts morphologically.We combine all slices to construct a full 3-D representation of the human body.
文摘Modeling of the human body is a basic problem in computer animation of the humanbody. This paper presents a method in which the combination of polyhedra is used to establish aninitial rough design of the human body and subdivision of polyhedra to approximate the curvesurface of the real human body. In addition, the dynamic characteristics are taken intoconsideration of the human body, thus providing a fine basis for the establishment of the bumanbody animation.
文摘A complete characterization of the behavior in human-robot interactions(HRI) includes both: the behavioral dynamics and the control laws that characterize how the behavior is regulated with the perception data. In this way, this work proposes a leader-follower coordinate control based on an impedance control that allows to establish a dynamic relation between social forces and motion error. For this, a scheme is presented to identify the impedance based on fictitious social forces, which are described by distance-based potential fields.As part of the validation procedure, we present an experimental comparison to select the better of two different fictitious force structures. The criteria are determined by two qualities: least impedance errors during the validation procedure and least parameter variance during the recursive estimation procedure.Finally, with the best fictitious force and its identified impedance,an impedance control is designed for a mobile robot Pioneer 3AT,which is programmed to follow a human in a structured scenario.According to results, and under the hypothesis that moving like humans will be acceptable by humans, it is believed that the proposed control improves the social acceptance of the robot for this kind of interaction.
文摘This paper presents a new feature-based mannequin modeling method, which is used in 3D computer aided garment design. Different from the traditional human modeling methods, a feature-based parametric design algorithm is involved in this method and mannequin posture animation is also implemented. They can greatly satisfy the requirements of the 3D computer aided garment design. At present, this mannequin modeling method has been implemented as a part of the computer aided 3D garment design system. Several mannequins for garment design have been manufactured by using this method and the rapid prototype technique.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51475291).
文摘Virtual reality(VR)has been widely used in various manufacturing industries,and VR-based virtual manufacturing has received significant attention in the current intelligent manufacturing era.Digital human models(DHMs)are essential for virtual manufacturing applications.Additionally,researching new applications of DHMs has developed into an important academic research field.This paper aims to identify the applications and research trends of DHMs in the manufacturing industry and to provide a reference for the continued development of virtual manufacturing and DHMs.We selected a total of 49 related articles from a large number of articles published between 2014 and 2019.The applications of DHMs in the manufacturing industry are analyzed from different perspectives and various relevant technical limitations are discussed.The results indicate that the applications of DHMs differ significantly between different types of fields.The automotive industry is the main application field for DHMs,and assembly/maintenance simulations and evaluations are the main application types.Additionally,there are still some limitations in the establishment of virtual environments,motion control,and DHM evaluation that should be addressed.Finally,research trends in the application of DHMs are illustrated and discussed,including the planning and assessment of human-robot collaboration systems,the combination of DHMs and augmented reality,and improved motion planning for DHMs.In summary,the application of DHMs can improve the realism and effectiveness of virtual manufacturing,and DHMs will be more widely and deeply studied and applied in various manufacturing industries in the near future.
文摘After summarizing the current situation of the research on human body modeling, a new dynamic model containing 5 equivalent masses has been proposed and the corresponding dynamic equations has been deduced too. By using this new model, more detailed information about the situation of the human body under impact and vibration can be obtained. The new model solves the problem that transmission functions of forces inside the human body can't be deduced by using 3-equivalent-mass model. It will find its usage in many applications.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health Contracts P30-EY008098 and T32-EY017271-06(BethesdaMD)+14 种基金United States Department of Defense DM090217(ArlingtonVA)Alcon Research Institute Young Investigator Grant(Fort WorthTX)Eye and Ear Foundation(PittsburghPA)Research to Prevent Blindness(New YorkNY)Aging Institute Pilot Seed GrantUniversity of Pittsburgh(PittsburghPA)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in Ocular Tissue Engineering and Regenerative OphthalmologyLouis J.Fox Center for Vision RestorationUniversity of Pittsburgh and UPMC(PittsburghPA)
文摘Blindness provides an unparalleled opportunity to study plasticity of the nervous system in humans.Seminal work in this area examined the often dramatic modifications to the visual cortex that result when visual input is completely absent from birth or very early in life(Kupers and Ptito,2014).More recent studies explored what happens to the visual pathways in the context of acquired blindness.This is particularly relevant as the majority of diseases that cause vision loss occur in the elderly.
文摘Lord of the Flies is the masterpiece of British writer William Golding who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Thiswork takes children as the protagonists and shows the theme of the barbarism of human nature. Based on Freud’sTripartite Model of Human Psyche, this study analyzes the personality characteristics of Jack in psychologicalperspective, reveals the different states reflected in the realm of in id, ego and superego, and thus stresses therestraining effect of social rules and civilization on the barbarism of human nature.
文摘The Marrakesh Treaty is,in essence,a human rights treaty.The interpretation and implementation of the treaty cannot be separate from the view on the persons with disabilities from the perspective of human rights.Based on this view,the interpretation of the treaty should reflect its value of promoting equality,instead of granting privileges to the persons with disabilities.During its implementation,it should be forbidden to aggravate the social alienation of the persons with disabilities by making excessive stipulations.Taking the implementation of the treaty as an opportunity,promoting the transformation of the view on the persons with disabilities from the individual model to the human rights model and facilitating the concept of“building the intangible accessible environment”can maximize the significance of the treaty.
基金supported by the SET foundation(Stiftung zur Forderung der Erforschung von Ersatz-und Erganzungsmethoden zur Einschrankung von Tierversuchen)project 060 to Winfried Neuhaus and Marco Metzger
文摘There is an urgent and tremendous need for human dis- ease models in drug development in order to improve pre- clinical predictability. In the case of brain disorders drugs have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to enter the central nervous system (CNS). It was estimated that more than 95% of the drugs cannot cross the BBB.
文摘Transmission of light through model human epidermal samples is investigated at four different wavelengths and at varying ambient humidity. Light from light emitting diodes (LEDs) is used for transmission measurements through the samples at a UVA wavelength of 365 nm, and visible wavelengths of 460 nm, 500 nm, and 595 nm. Ambient air-humidity is varied between 20% and 100%. Results show that for high ambient humidity, near 100%, transmission of light through the epidermis is higher than at low ambient humidity, 60% or lower. These results are explained with a simple model of epidermis as a turbid medium and the effect of adsorbed water in reducing light-scattering by refractive-index-matching. Biological implications of increased light-transmission through epidermis at high ambient humidity are discussed.
文摘Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to polluted concentration of fine ambient particulate matter(PM2.5)can induce markedly harmful effects on human health,however,an enormous research effort is still need to the comprehensive understanding of PM2.5 induction of new negative health outcomes.Recently,Maher and colleges[1]from Environmental Magnetism and Paleomagnetism at Lancaster University
文摘Chronic traumatic encephalopathy(CTE)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease featured with tauopathy.CTE is tightly related with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury(m TBI),which is interchangeably known as concussion(Mc Kee et al.,2009,2013).This disease is differentiated by neuropathological features from other neurological diseases that involve tau protein aggregation and tangle formation abnormalities like Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinson- ism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17).
文摘Since the beginning of reform and opening up and particu- larly since the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese peoplehave had a deeper understanding of the importance of human rights, better recognition of progress made in the field of human rights, and more urgent aspirations for further development of human rights in China. At the same time, there are problems and confu- sion that need to be addressed. For example, what is the China model for ensuring human rights? How should a a theoretical system of human rights with Chinese characteristics be con- structed? How can self-awareness and self-confidence in the area of human rights be formed? How can the healthy development of the human rights cause in China be pushed forward?
基金supported by grants from NHMRC (APP1125796)The Col Bambrick Memorial MND Research Grant+2 种基金The NTI MND Research Grantthe FightMND Foundationsupported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship APP1118452。
文摘Microglia, the main driver of neuroinflammation, play a central role in the initiation and exacerbation of various neurodegenerative diseases and are now considered a promising therapeutic target. Previous studies on in vitro human microglia and in vivo rodent models lacked scalability, consistency, or physiological relevance, which deterred successful therapeutic outcomes for the past decade. Here we review human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells as a robust and consistent approach to generate a patient-specific microglia-like model that can be used in extensive cohort studies for drug testing. We will highlight the strength and applicability of human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells to increase translational outcomes by reviewing the advantages of human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells in addressing patient heterogeneity and stratification, the basis of personalized medicine.
文摘Fractional derivatives are significant mathematical instruments that have been practiced to model real phenomena in different areas of science.Through the current investigation study,we develop the Human Liver and Hearing Loss models by employing three fractional operators called Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo,Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio derivatives.The numerical techniques regarding the basic theories of fractional analysis considered to obtain the approximate solutions of the offered systems.Indeed,approximate results are presented for showing the efficacy of the methods during graphs of solutions.To see the performance of the suggested models,different fractional orders are tested.