CONDITIONED MEDIUM OF HUMAN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA EPITHELIOID CELL LINE CNE_(1) CONTAINED THE ACTIVITIES OF TRANSFORMED GROWTH-INHIBITING FACTORS

The hormone defined serum free conditioned medium (SFCM) of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line (CNE1) was assayed by both the 3H-thymidine incorporation test and the soft agar test. It was found that the SFCM stimulated the growth of long-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells in ac-cordence with the fact that the growth rate of long-term serum-free cultured CNE1 cells was directly proportional to the plating density. Alternatively 5% SFCM inhibited the growth of short-term serum-free cultured CNE4 cells by 51% in which the indicator cell remained the responsiveness state of growing in the serum-supplemented medium to the effector of interest. Furthermore, SFCM resulted in the inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of CNE4 cells and A431 cells. Also in soft agar test. SFCM reduced the colony formation of NRK(?),9F cells in the presence of EGF or EGF plus TGF-β. These finding suggested that CNE4 secreted autocrine growth stimulating factor(s) and growth inhibiting factor(s) in the serum-free medium, the latter strongly reverse malignant phenotypes of CNE4 and A431 cells in serum-supplemented surrounding.

Up-Regulation of the Gap Junction Intercellular Communication by Tea Polyphenol in the Human Metastatie Lung Carcinoma Cell Line

Our previous study has proven that tea polyphenol has a role in lung neoplasms. The present communication was to investage the anti-proliferation effect of tea polyphenol on the PG cells, which was a high metastatic human lung carcinoma cell line, by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) cell viability assay, and to study the change of intracellular calcium concentration, connexin43 (Cx43) expression, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and cell cycle distribution after the tea polyphenol treatment by laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The results showed that 1) tea polyphenol could kill the PG cells in a dose-depent manner via inhibiting the PG cell proliferation and blocking the PG cell cycle progression staying in G0/G1 phase and not transfering in S and G2/M phases to reduce the PG cell proliferation index;2) the increases of intracellular calcium concentration, GJIC and Cx43 expression were related with the tea polyphenol doses. The data suggested that tea polyphenol could inhibit the growth of PG cells, which mechanism was associated with the up-regulation of GJIC.

Effect of heparin on apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells

In order to study the mechanism of the effect of heparin on apoptosis in carcinoma cells, the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 was used to identify the effect of heparin on apoptosis associated with the expression of c-myc, bax, bcl-2 proteins by use of Hoechst 33258 staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry, as well as Western blot analysis. The results showed that heparin induced apoptosis of CNE2 cells including the morphologic changes such as reduction in the volume, and the nuclear chromatin condensation, as well as the “ladder pattern” revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA in a concentration-dependent manner.The number of TUNEL-positive cells was dramatically increased to 33.6±1.2% from 2.8±0.3% by treat ment with heparin in different concentrations (10～40 kU/L). The apoptotic index was increased to 32.5% from 3.5% by detecting SubG1 peaks on flow cytometry. Western blot analysis showed that levels of bcl-2,bax and c-myc were significantly overexpressed by treatment with the increase of heparin concentrations.These results suggest that heparin induces apoptosis of CNE2 cells, which may be regulated by differential expression of apoptosis-related genes.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A NOVEL CELL LINE (HNE_(1)) DERIVED FROM A NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

A novel epithelial cell line, designated HNE1 was established from a biopsy specimen of a naso-pharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Electron microscopic examination of the HNE1 cells demonstrated bi-directional differentiation, with some cells displaying features of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, while other cells appeared to have the morphology of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The HNE1 cell line has been passaged more than 100 times over a period of one year. We recently reported that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen (EBNA) was detected in a low pe rcentage of the HNE1 cells examined at subcultures 5-81; the cells were also shown to be EBV DNA positive. Tumorigenicity of the HNE1 cells was demonstrated by xentransplanta tion in athymic nude mice. The developed tumors were characterized as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas upon histological examination. Kar yotypic analysis of the HNE1 cells demonstrated an aneuploidy with a modal chromosomal number of 74 at passage 5 and 101 at passage 20; 15 marker chromosomes were identified. The frequency of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange was found ot be very high (87.6±0.4/cell).

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Leaf Extracts and Their Effect on Proliferation of Human Carcinoma Cell Lines

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different olive leaf extracts (OLE) from different leaf growing stages on human carcinoma cell lines. OLE were tested in human carcinoma cell lines in vitro and cells were plated in 96-microtiter culture plates for each OLE concentration. Fresh (F) and freeze-dried (FD) leaves exhibited phenolic compounds in the range of 2.09 ± 0.10 to 8.44 ± 0.64 and 7.72 ± 0.56 to 24.65 ± 1.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g leaves, respectively. OLE from several Portuguese olive tree cultivars were found to inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cell lines in a range of 2.09 - 8.44 μg phenolic compound/well (209 - 844 μg/ml) and 0.07 - 2.40 μg phenolic compounds/well (7 - 240 μg/ml) for fresh and freeze-dried leaves, respectively. Young (Y) leaves have revealed the highest cell growth inhibition ranging from about 95% for Cobran?osa, followed by 90% for Cobran?osa, 90% for Arbequina and 75% for Arbequina for cell lines A549, HeLa, A431 and OE21, respectively. The lowest cell growth inhibition (35%) was observed for Galega (Y) leaf extract on cell line A549. However, FD samples exhibited a distinctive pattern since cell growth inhibition was highest at highest extract dilution tested, for A431 (Galega Y) followed by A549 (Cobran?osa Y) with cell inhibition of 75% and 70%, respectively. The data presented in this work strongly suggest that OLEs inhibit the growth of human carcinoma cell lines.

Effect of antisense human telomerase RNA on malignant behaviors of gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901

Objective:To studytheeffectsof antisensehumantelomeraseRNA(ahTR)transfectionon themalignantbeha-viorsof gastriccarcinomacelllineSGC-7901anditspotentialroleingenetherapyfortumor.Methods:AnantisensehTR eukaryoticexpressionvectorcontainingthesequenceof templateregionof telomererepeatswas transfectedintogastric carcinomacelllineSGC-7901withliposomeDOTAP.Theexpressionsof hTRRNAandantisensehTRRNAwereob-servedwithRT-PCR,telomeraseactivitywithPCR-ELISA.Telomerelengthwas measuredwithSouthernblot.Cellmor-phologyandcellularproliferationcapacitywerestudiedwithMTTassay.Cellcycledistributionandapoptoticstatewere observedwithflowcytometry.Efficiencyof cloneformationin softagarandtumorigencityin nudemicewereexamined andevaluatedinahTR-transfected7901cells,andplasmidpCL-neotransfected7901cellsandparental7901cellsserved as control.Results:AnantisensehTReukaryoticexpressionvectorwastransfectedinto7901cellssuccessfully.Thetelom-eraseactivityin ahTR-transfected7901cellswas decreasedfrom100%to about25%,andtelomerelengthin thecells shortenedfrom4.08kb to3.35kb at60populationdoublings(PDs).Comparedwithparental7901andpCL-neotransfect-ed7901cells,ahTR-transfected7901cellsdisplayedsomemorphologicalchanges,includingdecreasedcellatypiaandnu-cleus/cytoplasmratiounderlightmicroscope.Furthermore,ahTR-transfected7901cellsdisplayedgrowthinhibition,de-creasedinvasivecapacityin Borden’schamberinvasivemodel,increasedG 0 /G 1 phaserateandapoptoticrate,andrestored contactinhibitionanddensityinhibition.Surprisingly,ahTR-transfected7901cellslosttheircapacityof cloneformationin softagarandcarcinogensisinnudemice.Conclusion:AntisensehTRtransfectioncaninduce7901celldifferentiationand reverseitsmalignantphenotype.Thisstudyprovidesan excitingapproachfor cancertherapythroughtheinhibitionof telomeraseactivitywithantisensegeneandothertelomeraseinhibitors.

Establishment and characterization of a novel nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (SUNE2) from a Cantonese patient

The undifferentiated form of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignant head and neck cancer in South China, especially in Cantonese populations. However, few NPC cell lines have been established from the patients in this region. In this study, we established a new NPC cell line, termed SUNE2, from a Cantonese patient with undifferentiated NPC. This cell line had extremely low concentrations of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in long-term culture and expressed low levels of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), BamH1-A right frame 1 (BARF1), EBV-encoded RNA-1 (EBER1), and EBV-encoded RNA-2 (EBER2) in early passages. SUNE2 cells also showed much stronger transforming ability than 5-8F cells in colony formation assays and anchorage- independent growth assays in soft agar, and they only need 2 weeks to form tumors in nude mice. In summary, the SUNE2 cell line is a new in vitro model that can be used for further research on the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of NPC.

Modulating effects of survivin antisense oligonucleotide on changes of apoptosis and cell cycle of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721

To investigate the modulating effects of survivn antisense oligonucletode (ASODN) on the cell cycle and apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line SMMC-7721 and explore its mechanism.Methods Survivin ASODN was transfected into SMMC-7721 cells mediated by DOTAP liposomal reagent.Electron microscopy,flow cytometry and RT-PCR were used to detect the changes in cell ultrastructure,apoptosis,cell cycle and the expression of cyclinB1 mRNA,respectively.Results After transfection of survivin ASODN,the expression of cyclinB1 mRNA in the cells significantly increased and increase in G2-M arrest and apoptosis appeared.Meanwhile,the cell ultrastructure had apoptotic changes such as chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation.Conclusion Survivin ASODN can induce the expression of cyclinB1 that may result in G2-M arrest.Consequently,apoptosis is triggered.Survivin ASODN transfection might be an improtant new treatment for HCC.14 refs,2 figs,1 tab.

Orthotopical transplantation of human renal carcinoma tissue into nude mice and the establishment of a high metastatic cell line MRCC

Objective To establish a SOI model of human renal carcinoma and a high metastatic cell subline. Methods A human renal cell line RCC-9863 has been established by inoculating a human renal tumor tissue into nude mice s. c.. When RCC-9863 passaged for 20 times, the tissue from the same xemotransplant tumor were used to construct SOI model. Cultured the metastatic tissue in vitro, the tumor cell suspension was then injected orthotopically, The metastatic tissue obtained underwent the same procedure again. At last, the metastatic tumor was cultured in vitro and cloned. Results 15 days later, a tumor mass sized 1. 7 cm × 0. 6 cm in the nude mouse’s renal parenchyma was grown which lobulated, rude, and with multiply blood vessels and 55 days later later the mouse became moribund and metastases in the lungs were formed. The transplanted renal tumor in the SOI model grew fast and invasively and metastasized to lungs, lymphatic node and liver. A subline, MRCC, with metastatic ability to the lung was selected.

Inhibitory effect of a new gossypol derivative apogossypolone (ApoG2) on xenograft of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of apogossypolone (ApoG2) on prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vivo, and explore its mechanism. Methods: The models of transplantation tumors in Balb/c nu/nu mice were established via subcutaneous injection of PC-3 cells and the tumor-transplanted mice were divided into 4 groups: control group and three ApoG2 treatment groups, with 10 mice in each group. Volumes of the tumor were estimated every 2 d and the morphology of tumor tissues was observed. Immunohistochemistry was employed to observe the expression of Bcl-2, PCNA, CD31, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in tumor tissues. Results: ApoG2 (2.5 mg/kg-10 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally once a day can obviously inhibit the growth of subcutaneous prostatic carcinoma implant. The tumor volume decreased obviously when the treatment dosage was bigger than 5.0 mg/kg (P<0.01). Meanwhile, ApoG2 decreased the expression of PCNA and CD31, and enhanced the expression of caspases-3, caspase-8 in tumor tissues. Conclusion: ApoG2 exert an inhibitory effect on prostatic carcinoma possibly by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

Inhibitory effect of endostatin expressed by human liver carcinoma SMMC7721 on endothelial cell proliferation in vitro

瞄准：为了构造人的肝癌房间的稳定的 transfectant，衬里 SMMC7721 能秘密人的 endostatin 并且在 endothelial 房间增长上由 transfectant 表示了探索人的 endostatin 的效果。方法：Recombinant 制动火箭和老鼠白朊信号肽为人的 endostatin 基因包含 cDNA 的病毒的原生质标志 pLncx-Endo 被设计并且由 lipofectamine 转了进 SMMC7721 房间。在有 G418 的选择以后， endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 房间被选择并且膨胀。Immunohistochemical 染色和西方的污点被用来在 transfected SMMC7721 房间和它的媒介检测人的 endostatin 的表示。endostatin-transfected 和控制 SMMC7721 房间的调节媒介是镇定的与人的脐的静脉 endothelial 房间栽培 72 个小时。endostatin 的禁止的效果，由 transfected SMMC7721 房间表示了，在 endothelial 上，在 vitro 的增长被使用 MTT 观察试金。结果：550 bp endostatin 基因的特定的碎片从 endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 房间的 PCR 产品被检测。Immunohistochemistry 和西方的污点分析由 endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 房间证实了外国人的 endostatin 蛋白质的表示和分泌物。在 vitro endothelial 增长，试金显示出那在有人的脐的静脉 endothelial 房间的耕作以后的 72 个小时，在用从 endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 房间的媒介的组的光密度( OD )是 0.51 +/- 0.06 ，从 RPMI 1640 组比那降低( 0.98 +/- 0.09 )或从控制原生质标志 pLncx-transfected SMMC7721 房间( 0.88 +/- 0.11 )。为从 endostatin-transfected SMMC7721 房间的媒介的禁止的率是 48% ，比那显著地高从空原生质标志 pLncx-transfected SMMC7721 房间(10.2% ， P【0.01 ) 。结论：人的 endostatin 能被与人的 endostatin 基因转移的 SMMC7721 房间稳定地表示，它的产品能显著地在 vitro 禁止人的脐的静脉 endothelial 房间的增长。

Induced Differentiation of Epithelioid Carcinoma Cell Lines: Evidence for Tumor Cell Quantal Mitosis

The effects of growth factors and calcium concentrations present in different culture media on induction of terminal differentiation were investigated for four different epidermoid carcinoma cell lines, Hela, KB, A431, and SCC-25, and their responses determined relative to those elicited by normal human keratinocytes subjected to these culture conditions. Differentiation status was determined cyto-chemically by a validated keratin protein staining method, and by autoradiographic analyses. Growth and differentiation promoting factors that influenced the direction of integrated control of growth and differentiation in normal human keratinocytes were found to be effective for some cell lines but not others. The factors examined were 1) high density arrest in serum-free and serum-containing media, 2) media shifts from high density culture in serum-containing media to low density growth factor-depleted or supplemented serum-free medium, and 3) the concentration of calcium in the media. The extent and degree of differentiation achieved varied among different cell lines depend on the presence or absence of serum, EGF and insulin protein growth factors. Certain growth media appear to sponsor keratin protein, cyto-chemically-detected differentiation, and evidence of quantal mitotic division in low density HeLa cell and SCC25 cell cultures. Epidermoid carcinoma cell lines retain limited capacity to commit to early stages of cell differentiation.

Id2 regulates the proliferation of squamous cell carcinoma in vitro via the NF-κB/Cyclin D1 pathway

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a significant cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an incidence of up to 166 cases per 100 000 population. It arises in the skin, upper aerodigestive tract, lung, and cervix and affects more than 200 000 Americans each year. We report here that a microarray experiment comparing 41 SCC and 13 normal tissue specimens showed that Id2, a gene that controls the cell cycle, was significantly up-regulated in SCC. Enforced expression of Id2 in vitro stimulated the proliferation of SCC cells and up-regulated the transcription of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclin D1. Enhancement of the NF-κB activity with p65 significantly increased the cell proliferation and the transcription of cyclin D1, whereas inhibition of the NF-κB activity with I kappa B alpha mutant (IκBα M) and pyrroline dithiocarbamate (PDTC) abrogated cell proliferation and transcription of cyclin D1. Furthermore, a mutated NF-κB binding site in the cyclin D1 promoter fully abrogated the Id2-induced transcription of cyclin D1. Taken together, these data indicate that Id2 induces SCC tumor growth and proliferation through the NF-κB/cyclin D1 pathway.

Inhibition of metastasis to lung of a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2L2 transfected with pRc/CMV-antisense 6A8 cDNA in nude mice

The growth of CNE-2L2 cell, a cloned line of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma with a high potentiality of metastasis to lung was inhibited to a certain extent after transfection with a recombinant antisense expression vector of a cDNA encoding a human α-mannosidase (pRc/CMV-antisense 6A8 cDNA)( the Genbank accession number of 6A8 cDNA is U37248) in comparison with that of the cell transfected with the Mock and of the wild cell. Two months after a subcutaneous inoculation of CNE-2L2 cell into the axilla of nude mice metastatic lesions in the lung were observed in 9/10 mice (90%) with grade Ⅲ in 8 mice and grade Ⅱ in one mouse in the wild cell group, in 6/8 mice (75%) with grade Ⅲ in one mouse, grade Ⅱ in 2 mice and grade Ⅰ in 3 mice in the Mock-transfection group, in only 3/10 mice (30%) with all grade Ⅰ in pRc/CMV-antisense 6A8 cDNA-transfection group.

44种生物碱类化合物对人鼻咽癌细胞株KB和人白血病细胞株HL-60细胞增殖抑制活性的筛选

目的:从中药中筛选有抗肿瘤活性的化合物。方法:应用人鼻咽癌细胞株KB和人白血病细胞株HL-60筛选44种生物碱类化合物对其增殖的抑制作用。结果:西萝芙木碱、伊波加因、骆驼蓬碱、哈尔明碱、黄连碱、延胡索碱、白屈菜碱、小檗胺、吐根碱、4-甲氧基-1-甲基-2-喹诺酮、贝母碱N-氧化物、去氢贝母碱N-氧化物、倒千里光碱、9-去甲基小檗碱、番茄碱苷、澳洲茄次碱、金鸡宁、罂粟碱、喜树碱和酒石酸麦角胺对人鼻咽癌细胞株KB细胞的增殖有一定程度的抑制作用,且呈浓度-效应关系;最强者为吐根碱、番茄碱苷和喜树碱,其次为黄连碱、白屈菜碱、哈尔明碱、澳洲茄次碱和延胡索碱。西萝芙木碱、白屈菜碱、哈尔明碱、小檗胺、吐根碱、贝母碱N-氧化物、番茄碱苷、罂粟碱、利血胺和喜树碱对人白血病细胞株HL-60细胞的增殖亦有一定程度的抑制作用,且呈浓度-效应关系;最强者为吐根碱,其次为西萝芙木碱、小檗胺、番茄碱苷和喜树碱。结论:上述生物碱类化合物可能是含有该生物碱的、有抗肿瘤活性中药的有效成分,亦可能成为开发抗肿瘤新药的候选药物。

40种香豆素类化合物对人鼻咽癌细胞株KB和人白血病细胞株HL-60细胞生长抑制活性的筛选

目的:从中药中筛选有抗肿瘤活性的化合物。方法:应用人鼻咽癌细胞株KB和人白血病细胞株HL-60筛选40种香豆素类化合物对其生长的抑制作用。结果:马栗树皮苷、去甲基呋喃皮纳灵、前胡素和二氢山芹醇当归酸酯对人鼻咽癌细胞株KB细胞的生长有一定程度的抑制作用,且呈浓度-效应关系;伞形花内酯刘寄奴酸酯、牛防风素和考迈斯托醇对人白血病细胞株HL-60细胞的生长有一定程度的抑制作用。结论:马栗树皮苷、去甲基呋喃皮纳灵、前胡素和二氢山芹醇当归酸酯对人鼻咽癌细胞株KB细胞的生长有抑制作用;伞形花内酯刘寄奴酸酯、牛防风素和考迈斯托醇对人白血病细胞株HL-60细胞的生长有抑制作用。

苦参碱对KB细胞及其多药耐药细胞KBv200的凋亡诱导作用

目的观察中药苦参的提取物苦参碱对口腔上皮癌KB细胞及其多药耐药细胞KBv200的凋亡诱导作用。方法MTT法观察苦参碱对体外培养的KB及KBv200细胞存活率的影响。吖啶橙溴乙啶(AO EB)双荧光染色检测二者细胞凋亡率。流式细胞术分析苦参碱对细胞周期的影响;扫描电镜观察苦参碱作用后的细胞形态学变化。结果苦参碱质量浓度在0.50、1.00、1.50、2.00mg ml时,均有抑制KB及KBv200增殖的作用,双荧光染色及流式细胞术提示苦参碱可诱导KB及KBv200细胞凋亡,使细胞生长停滞在S期;扫描电镜观察发现不同质量浓度的苦参碱作用24h后,细胞出现体积缩小、细胞质空泡化、细胞核碎裂等凋亡现象。结论苦参碱对KB及KBv200细胞有增殖抑制作用,可诱导KB及KBv200细胞凋亡,其机制可能与其导致细胞S期阻滞有关。

苦参碱对KB及其多药耐药细胞KBv200增殖与凋亡影响的对比研究

目的:研究中药苦参提取物苦参碱对体外培养的口腔上皮癌KB细胞和具有多药耐药特征的KBv200细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:以MTT法对比观察苦参碱对细胞存活率的影响;以吖啶橙/溴乙啶(AO/EB)双荧光染色检测细胞凋亡率;流式细胞术分析苦参碱对细胞周期的影响;扫描电镜观察苦参碱作用后的细胞形态学变化。结果:苦参碱浓度在0.50、1.00、1.50、2.00mg/ml时,均有抑制KB及KBv200增殖的作用,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为1.35mg/ml和1.43mg/ml;双荧光染色及流式细胞术提示苦参碱可诱导KB及KBv200细胞凋亡,使细胞生长停滞在S期;扫描电镜观察发现不同浓度的苦参碱作用24h后,细胞出现体积缩小、细胞质空泡化、细胞核碎裂等凋亡现象。苦参碱对两种细胞增殖和凋亡的影响均未见明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:苦参碱对KB及多药耐药的KBv200细胞均具有抑制增殖和诱导凋亡的作用。提示苦参碱可克服肿瘤的多药耐药现象,故有可能成为一种理想的中药抗肿瘤制剂。