Evidence of Human Origins in the Himalayas

Human origins have always been a hot topic of research in academia,focusing on the controversy between“single African origin”and“multiregional evolution.”The evolution from ancient ape to modern humans was a complex process,which required the co-existence of diverse favorable factors.Based on a review of existing research findings,this paper argues that modern humans originated in the Himalayas and presents multi-dimensional evidence from the perspectives of geology,seismology,climatology,archaeology,biology,genetics,and others.The evolution from ape to man may have also existed in regions other than the Himalayas.However,such evolution falls under“invalid origin”due to the lack of essential conditions for evolution,and particularly,the evolutionary process was interrupted by the erosion of frequent Quaternary glaciations.The homo sapiens originating in the Himalayas gradually migrated and settled down across the world several times during the interglacial periods,creating local cultures and colorful civilizations in parallel.The findings of this paper provide new orientations and approaches for the studies of human origins and the development of civilizations.

Y-chromosome haplotype distribution in Han Chinese populations and modern human origin in East Asians

We investigated the distribution of Y-chromosome haplotype using 19 Y-SNPs in Han Chinese populations from 22 provinces of China. Our data indicate distinctive patterns of Y chromosome between southern and northern Han Chinese populations. The southern populations are much more polymorphic than northern populations. The latter has only a subset of the southern haplotypes. This result confirms the genetic difference observed between southern and northern ethnic populations in East Asia. It supports the hypothesis that the first settlement of modern hu-mans of African origin occurred in the southern part of East Asia during the last Ice Age, and a northward migration led to the peopling of northern China.

The Models of Modern Human Origins:Eastern Perspective

The origin of modern humans is one of the fundamental scientific questions that has been widely debated in the international academic community.Since the 1980s,the discussion on this issue has formed two opposing camps:the""Out of Africa"hypothesis and the"Multiregional Evolution"hypothesis.With the continuous accumulation of new materials and rapid technological advancements in the new century,there have been significant adjustments in the debate over the origin models of modern humans,with materials from the East Asia playing an increasingly important role.This article reviews the major hypotheses and models regarding the origin of modern humans and the evolution of modern behavior,tracing their sources,history,and development.It also provides a comprehensive overview of some of the latest archaeological discoveries and research progress.Furthermore,it discusses the motives and directions for adjusting the models of modern human origins and behavioral evolution,emphasizing the importance of considering a vast amount of archaeological evidence in the discussion of various models and reflecting on the cultural implications of"modernity".The article calls for increased investment in research on the origin of modern humans in China and emphasizes the need to provide a solid Eastern perspective for discussing modern human origin models.

Zoonotic origins of human coronavirus 2019(HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2):why is this work important?

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic.

Study on the Rights to Subsistence and Development with Reference to the Origin of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

I.The History of the Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:the Position and Role of the UN Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations should not be Ignored The reason for me to use the term "source"in the discussion on the right to subsistence

Tracing the Origin and Migration of Humans-Significant Progress in Paleoan­thropological and Paleolithic Fields Made by IVPP

Over the past 15 years,the Paleoanthropological and Paleolithic team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP),Chinese Academy of Sciences,has made significant progress in understanding modern human origins and evolution through extensive fieldwork,fossil and artifact discoveries,and cutting-edge ancient molecular analysis.The new fossil findings from Hualongdong,Xuchang,the first report on Harbin,and the reevaluations of previously found fossils like Xujiayao revealed high population diversity in East Asia during the late Middle Pleistocene,implying multiple evolutionary lineages linked to modern humans,Neanderthals,or Denisovans.Different species names were proposed for these unique fossils.Discoveries from Zhiren Cave and Fuyan Cave refreshed our knowledge of modern human emergence in China,sparking debates between the“Recent African Origin”and“Multiregional Evolution”hypothesis.Additionally,new archaeological evi-dence from Nwya Devu and Xiamabei highlighted human adaptations to extreme climates and tech­nological innovations.Genomic studies further revealed complex patterns of modern human dis­persal,admixture,and adaptation in China,espe­cially in the past 40,000 years.The first mitochon­drial DNA of Denisovan outside Denisova Cave was successfully extracted from the sediments on the Plateau,suggesting the long-term occupation of this population in this area.

Humanism汉译名探析

面对Humanism一词的三个汉译名被广泛误用的现实 ,本文从探究该词的多重词义下手 ,着力分析了各个汉译名的使用 ,指出人文主义主要适用于文艺复兴时期的文化思潮 ,人道主义主要适用于伦理学领域 。

The New Contribution to the Important Discourse on Human Rights by General Secretary xi Jinping

Under the background of the fact that human rights protection has become an important part of the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and with the international background of the strengthened trend of mainstreaming of human rights, Xi Jinping’s series of speeches and the 19 th CPC national Congress reports comprehensively explained the construction of human rights in China and the development of the international human rights. The important discourse on human rights by General Secretary Xi Jinping is people-centered: people’s yearning for a better life is our goal and reveals the source of human rights. Chinese dream is a dream of the country, of the nation, and of everyone in China. The close integration of individual and collective human rights points out that the state and people are important parts of collective human rights and it is an effective response to the "human rights over sovereignty" of Western countries. That there are not the best human rights, but the better ones; fighting for human rights is not always done, but always doing scientifically reveals the operational form of human rights. The right of survival and development is the primary human right; to attach importance to the right of peace conforms to the reality of our country and it has the support of the vast number of developing countries. Building a community with a shared future for human beings is a new vision for the development of the international human rights. only when the perfection and implementation of Constitution and law are paid attention to, and the democratization and legalization of the international human rights cause are promoted, can the guarantee be provided for the realization of human rights. The important discourse on human rights by General Secretary Xi Jinping is guided by Marxism, carries the communist party member’s original intention of serving people and is deeply rooted in the masses of the people. It inherits the theory of "benevolence" and "harmony" in Chinese culture,stands at the height of history and times, and points out the direction for the all-round development of Chinese people and the overall progress of society, and for the liberation of all mankind. This scientific theory is successfully guiding China’s human rights construction constantly towards new achievements and has had a profound and extensive impact on the international human rights cause.

Human Rights Value Based on the Legislation Principle of the Basic Healthcare and Health Promotion Law

The draft of the Basic Healthcare and Health Promotion Law directly incorporates the concept of the right to health,which will have a positive significance in realizing the constitutional norms of the right to health protection.China’s Constitution stipulates the general policy,concrete duties and specific obligations of the state to protect citizens’ right to health,which is the most fundamental logical starting point of legislative design.The implementation of state obligations requires the legislation to follow the principles as follows:people-centered public welfare,respecting and protecting the principle of citizens’ right to health,equitable access to basic medical and health services and the government responsibility for the purpose of the people’s health.

医师专业精神的史源学研究

运用史源学方法梳理人类发展长河中医学发生发展的宏大叙事,将不同时空内医师专业精神元素抽象出来,寻找其产生的基础、发展的条件、影响的因素以预测其未来的走向。将医学、医生、疾病、患者、健康等与医师专业精神息息相关的要素置放于当时的社会与历史境遇中,揭示出医师专业精神的形成发展深刻地受到社会政治、经济、制度、文化的影响同时,也在一定程度上塑造着以医疗卫生体系为核心的支持系统这一客观规律,为未来医师专业精神的发展建设凿空而道。

On Native Origin of the American Indians

There have been controversies over differing opinions in the source of the American Indians. In this paper, the writer criticized the so-called classical theory that the remote ancestors of the American Indians entered America from Asia through the Bering Straits 14,000 ~ 20,000 years ago, worn their “clothes” and carried kindling during the late Paleolithic, no matter how by “boat” across the Bering Sea or by foot through a “Bering Land Bridge” which might once link up Asia and North America during glacial period;and independently proposed a new hypothesis that American Indians might be originated from the Western Rift Valley of North America. On the basis of locus distribution of American ancient human’s remnants, the writer pointed out that American ancient humans might be first originated at Yukon Territory of Canada within the Western Rift Valley of North America (the Basin & Range Province), and then migrated south ward (Yukon Territory → Mojave Desert → Mexico → Peru → Chile). Moreover, American Indians would have long been a presence for 40,000 years, or even 100,000 ~ 200,000 years in the American continents. So far, the logical basis which American Indians came from Asia 14,000 ~ 20,000 years ago was crushed, and derived two inferences: 1) American Indians might be originated from the Western Rift Valley of North America;2) Only the Eskimo might be the mover eastward from Asia, because of their gene B.

“人与自然生命共同体”概念的渊源考释与原创性贡献

概念是理论的结晶,原创性概念是原创性理论的集中表现。“人与自然生命共同体”概念是习近平生态文明思想的原创性核心概念之一。这一概念既蕴含着深刻的马克思主义生态思想,也彰显着博大精深的中华文化的生态智慧,是“两个结合”的典范。“结合”依托中国生态文明建设实践,中国共产党人充分运用马克思主义生态思想,吸收中华优秀传统文化中的生态智慧,解决生态环境问题、建设生态文明。“人与自然生命共同体”概念是对马克思主义生态思想的守正创新,对中华优秀传统文化生态智慧的当代运用,是生态实践的升华与提炼。“人与自然生命共同体”概念的原创性贡献在于,它从思维方式上超越了当代资本主义文明,是人类文明新形态的表现;是对马克思主义生态思想和中华文化生态智慧的综合创新;是对人与自然关系的科学解决。

论梅鼎祚“序跋”“题词”中的戏曲观

梅鼎祚是中晚明时期影响较大的戏曲作家,是“骈绮派”的代表人物。梅鼎祚在相关剧作的“序跋”“题词”中提出了“曲本诸情”的戏曲本源论,主张“兼参雅俗”的语言风格,并强调“累累而不绝”的音韵曲律等,从而形成了自己的戏曲观。中晚明时期是我国古代戏曲创作和理论的繁荣发展时期,梅鼎祚的戏曲观是其中的一个组成部分。

人类命运共同体理念下“全球行政法”的证成、范畴、效力模式

在全球化受阻及全球治理危机不断涌现等百年未有大变局下,“全球行政法”应运而生,但亦面临不少理论困境。作为中国原创智慧,人类命运共同体理念与“全球行政法”创新的结合,可为“全球行政法”重构提供理论基础,是中国开创原创性话语体系的努力。人类命运共同体理念下的“全球行政法”巧妙跳脱出传统国际法囿于常自愿缔约加入、退出导致的效力不彰等困局,从规制执行包括国际法等规范在内的行政行为,和完成全球行政任务的不同视角,新颖地以行政法方法探索“全球行政空间”中对各国政府在内的全球行政主体行政行为的规范方案。人类命运共同体理念可帮助“全球行政法”重新确立内涵;在外延上,人类命运共同体理念下“全球行政法”可实现与国际法、国际行政法、国内行政法的区分;人类命运共同体理念下“全球行政法”以“综合方式”发挥法效力。由于全球治理和国家治理相互关联,以人类命运共同体理念为基础重塑“全球行政法”也可提升我国国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。依法规范行政行为和实现善治是世界较为公认的理念和共识,在全球化不断受挫的时代背景下,人类命运共同体理念下的“全球行政法”也有利于在新的语境重新汇聚全球共识,从规范行政权行使角度进一步推进全球法治文明的发展、完善全球法治秩序。人类命运共同体理念下的“全球行政法”并非要取代传统国际法,而是与国际法相辅相成,以法治的方式共同促进全球治理目标的实现。

行动的救赎之道:教育人性化的遮蔽与解蔽

人是教育的出发点,人性是人之为人的依据。行动是专属于人类能动的行为方式,是实现完满人性的重要途径。教育的过程是剔除遮蔽的过程。近代以来,随着理性主义的滥觞、技术主义的猖獗、实证主义的泛滥和本质主义的桎梏,教育理论、教育模式、教育评价和教育体制等内容不断被学科化、程式化、数量化和规范化,出现了教育对人性的“驯化”“物化”“无化”和“异化”等“非人性化”的现象,教育人性化的本真状态被遮蔽了。行动和教育具有同构性。为了唤醒教育对人性的本真关怀,教育急需返璞归真,彰显教育的行动品格;要密切教育与生活的联系,激活教育的内在生命力;丰富人与人之间的沟通交往,彰显教育的人文气度;置身意向的教育情境,以辩证思维把握其“变”与“不变”;回归教育的原点,深度挖掘教育的探究性和反思性。我们应如此来观照人性的敞亮以及教育价值的彰显。

元宇宙中虚拟数字人生成内容的可版权性研究——基于与人工智能生成内容对比的视角

随着元宇宙技术的发展,虚拟数字人将成为新的“创作”主体,并对传统版权制度提出了严峻挑战。同人工智能一样,元宇宙中虚拟数字人生成的内容属于文学、艺术和科学领域且能以一定形式表现,符合“形式”上的“作品”要件。那么,可版权性与否的关键就落在对于独创性要件的证立上。判断虚拟数字人生成内容的独创性,应秉持主观主义标准,重点考察其生成内容的过程中是否包含个性化创作空间。元宇宙中虚拟数字人生成内容的过程兼具机器智能与人类智慧,有别于单纯的人类或AI“创作”,本质是一种人机协作。当下ChatGPT4.0等大语言模型及提示工程技术的发展迅猛,人机协作模式正在逐渐替代单纯的人类或AI“创作”成为主要创作方式。人机协作模式下,只要来源于人类智慧的个性化创作空间不会被机器智能所侵蚀,那么虚拟数字人生成的内容就符合独创性要件,具有可版权性。

论习近平文化思想的原创性贡献

作为马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果,习近平文化思想在理论深化、实践超越与价值表征维度鲜明彰显着诸多原创性贡献。在理论维度集中表现为:阐明文化主体、形态与功能,深化对文化本质的科学认识;阐发文化建设方法论、目标与路径,深化对文化建设规律的科学认识;阐论文明建设方法、道路与旨归,深化对中华文明建设规律的科学认识。在实践维度集中表现为:明确首要政治任务为以党的创新理论武装全党和教育人民,明达文化使命即建设中华民族现代文明,明释原则遵循即融文化自信、开放包容与守正创新于一体,明晰施力要求是促进“七个着力”的联结共振,形成中国特色社会主义文化工作内容体系的新布局。在价值维度集中表现为:以绘制人类现代文明新蓝本破解文明价值难题,以提供人类文明进步新遵循凝聚文明价值共识,以构建人类文明发展共同体倡导文明价值秩序,表征着面向世界和面向未来的人类文明体系的新范式。

伪狂犬病病毒荧光标签毒株构建及其在抗病毒药物筛选中的初步应用

为筛选针对伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)的有效抗病毒药物,本研究以PRV人源分离毒株hSD-1/2019和经典猪源流行毒株Ea为亲本病毒,采用同源重组技术将mCherry报告基因插入到PRV的UL 35基因终止子之前位点,构建了表达红色荧光蛋白mCherry的荧光标签毒株PRV-mCherry。基于构建的荧光标签病毒,以荧光强度为指标,建立高通量药物筛选平台,对天然产物库中1621种化合物进行抗病毒药物筛选,并初步探索药物特性。结果表明,mCherry标签插入位置正确且稳定遗传,荧光标签毒株PRV-mCherry与亲本毒株在PK-15细胞上的增殖曲线趋势一致,且荧光强度可反映病毒增殖情况。使用PRV-mCherry从天然产物库中成功筛选出3种可在体外有效抑制PRV增殖的药物,根据测定的50%细胞毒性浓度和50%抑制浓度,计算出3种药物的选择指数范围为203.63~564.58μmol·L^(-1),表明其具有良好的成药性。本研究为临床防治PRV感染的抗病毒药物发掘提供了新的策略和思路。

再论“数字人权”的解构与追问

“数字人权”论争至今,正题与反题的交锋依次聚焦第四代人权、人权的道德基础、人权性质三个争议点。从逻辑顺序来说,判断一项权利是否属于人权,首先要看基于人的本原属性能否推导得出,否则无所谓第几代人权或人权新特征的问题。在人权本原看来,“数字人性”不是人之本性,倘若把“数字人性”视为人权的人性根基,则会导致主体虚化、形态变异、义务扩张的伦理危机。就人权结构而言,“数字人权”的价值证立欠缺最低限度的基础性,政治决断与学术论证的脱离会导致科学性存疑,对“三元结构”的突破不利于规范体系的稳定性。“数字人权”话语表达的逻辑、理论和知识生产存在着不自洽、不自信、不自主的缺陷,即因果倒置、路径依赖和重复生产。因此,对于数字科技与人权的复杂性关系,仍需从人权本原、人权结构、人权话语等多元视角继续追问。

郭店楚简《性自命出》“有为”文学主张的内涵

郭店楚墓竹简中的《性自命出》篇在言及诗、书、礼、乐等传统经典时,分别提出了“有为为之”“有为言之”和“有为举之”的概括。这一概括不仅是对前代文化经典的总结,也蕴含了对文学必须“有为”的理论主张。尤其是其中“有为言之”的说法,更是关涉语言这一文学的核心问题。基于之前礼乐时代人道的思想立场与文化原则,“有为”之学肯定了人文价值的实在性,与道家的虚无主张形成鲜明的对比。而在言语形式上,“有为”的理论主张又最终和礼乐文化相结合,落实到具体的实践规范之上,由此丰富了儒家与先秦文学理论的内涵。